Effects of virtual reality exercises and routine physical therapy on pain intensity and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

Objectives: To compare the effects of Virtual Reality exercises and routine physical therapy on pain and functional disability in patients with chronic low-back pain.

Methods: The single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted from April to October 2020 at the Physiotherapy Department of the Government Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender, aged 25-50 years with chronic non-radiating low-back pain who were randomised into two equal groups. Group A received routine physical therapy, while group B received Virtual Reality exercises with routine physical therapy.

Transverse testicular ectopia.

We present a case of Transverse testicular ectopia of the right testis that presented to our surgical out patient department with left inguinal hernia and an impalpable testis in the right scrotum. Patient was operated. Left herniotomy was performed and right testis was found in the left inguinal canal which was brought to the right scrotum and anchored through suprapubic subcutaneous tunnel.