Diagnosis and management of cervical ectopic pregnancy--report of three cases.

Cervical pregnancy is a rare variety of ectopic gestation. The etiology is obscure. Diagnosis may be difficult unless the clinician/the radiologist are conscious of the entity.

Evaluation of aspiration cytology of the liver space occupying lesions by simultaneous examination of smears and cell blocks.

This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of cytologic smears and histological sections from cell blocks in diagnosis of space occupying lesions (SOLs) of the liver and to classify the lesions on the basis of combined cytohistologic diagnosis. The study was conducted on 50 patients who had radiologically detected SOL/SOLs in the liver and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of liver was done. In all the cases, both smears and cell blocks were made.

Status of cold-chain maintenance in Chandigarh.

An effective cold chain maintenance system is the backbone of success of any immunization program. This study compares the state of cold chain maintenance during intensive pulse polio immunization campaign in union territory of Chandigarh in the year 2001 with that of 2006. The study was conducted during pulse polio rounds of December 2001 and January 2002 and another in April and May 2006 by Department of Community Medicine, Govt.

Gap between awareness and practices regarding maternal and child health among women in an urban slum community.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge of ever-married women regarding maternal and child health and to assess existing gap between awareness and practice levels of lactating mothers.

Methods: Community based cross sectional study with 283 ever-married women in the reproductive age.

Results: Low levels of awareness and practice of TT immunization (74.

Subcutaneous emphysema: A least common presentation of foreign body bronchus.

Foreign bodies in air way are common days occurrence in Otolaryngologic practice but widespread subcutaneous emphysema extending form scalp to scrotum is a rare entity in foreign body bronchus. As rarity is, a novelty hence reported.

Surveillance of cold chain system during intensified pulse polio programme--2006 in Chandigarh.

Objective: To evaluate the maintenance of cold chain system in the Intensive Pulse Polio Immunization (IPPI) campaign in the Union Territory, Chandigarh.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 18 designated vaccine sub-depots, where OPV vials were stored prior to IPPI and 25 IPPI booths out of the designated 406 IPPI booths in U.T, Chandigarh.

Causes of enucleation in Northern India (1995-2005).

Purpose: There are limited data concerning the reasons for surgical removal of eyeball. The present retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of diseases requiring surgical removal of eyeball and to study the histopathologic changes in these specimens.

Methods: Forty-eight surgical eyeball specimens received between January 1999 and June 2005 were included in the study.

A study of behavioural changes and clinical evaluation of leprosy in school going children of leprosy parents.

Seventy-seven school going children in age group 5-15 years having one or both parents affected with leprosy and staying away from their parents in charitable ashram cum school for the last 6 months to 6 years time were examined for any behavioural changes and signs and symptoms of leprosy. None of these children showed any behavioural changes or signs and symptoms of leprosy.

Evaluation of causes of vaginal discharge in relation to pregnancy status.

The purpose of this study was to determine incidence of vaginal discharge in pregnant and non-pregnant sexually active females of age group 20-40 years presenting with the chief complaint of vaginal discharge. One hundred sexually active females in the age group of 20-40 years, with vaginal discharge, were selected for this study at random. A detailed clinical history and a thorough examination of all the cases were done.

Awareness of emergency contraception among female college students in Chandigarh, India.

Unlabelled: Adolescents and young women are at the greatest risk of unintended pregnancy because they are unlikely to see a family planning provider before or immediately after the sexual activity. Therefore, preventing unintended pregnancy among them is the important concern. Sexually active young women are clients with special needs for contraception.

Seasonal pattern of psychiatry service utilization in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Seasonal and monthly variations in utilization of psychiatric services have been inadequately studied in India.

Aims: This study sought to determine the pattern of psychiatric services utilization by patients with four broad categories of diagnosis (mood disorders (F30-39): neurotic stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-48), schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20-29) and mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10-19) in different seasons and months of the last six years.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a teaching hospital data-based study of new patients diagnosed with psychiatric illness in the department of psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.

Gender identity disorder and its medico-legal considerations.

The general belief among behavioural scientists and physicians is that gender identity disorder or transsexualism is an identifiable and incapacitating disease which can be diagnosed and successfully treated by reassignment surgery in carefully selected patients. Although many advances have been made in the reassignment surgery techniques, phalloplasty still remains a major challenge; to date, no ideal technique has been developed. The new gender created by the reassignment surgery has, in turn, led to many legal complications for post-operative transsexuals because, in many developed and the developing countries, transsexuals are not given a legal identity, thereby adding to their agonies and miseries.

Retention of ovaries and oxidative stress of surgery.

Objective: Surgical menopause results in severe menopausal symptoms due to the sudden withdrawal of estrogen. This study evaluated the impact of surgical menopause on oxidant and antioxidant status.

Methods: Thirty eight women who underwent total hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were included.

Prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence in rural and slum population of Chandigarh: A community survey.

The present epidemiological survey was conducted by the department of psychiatry, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh to estimate the pattern of alcohol and other substance dependence in rural and slum dwellers population of Chandigarh. In this survey 6.

Socio-demographic correlates of breast-feeding in urban slums of Chandigarh.

Research Question: Whether socio-demographic factors are associated with initiation of breast-feeding in urban slums of Chandigarh.

Objectives: (1) To study the prevailing breast-feeding practices adopted by mothers, (2) To study the socio-demographic factors associated with initiation of breast-feeding.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Historical and medico-legal aspects of infanticide: an overview.

In practice, all cases of abandoned newborn deaths are reported to the police/coroner, who asks for a post-mortem examination because only this can establish the viability of the infant, proof of separate existence, and the cause and manner of death in such cases. The pathologist who conducts the autopsy will have to use his skills and experience to assess a wide variety of marks and injuries so as to give his opinion fairly and frankly, not allowing any personal feelings to influence his findings. In some cases, he may be unable to give a firm opinion and should not shirk from stating this clearly.

Isolation of Enterococcus faecalis from a case of nonpuerperal breast abscess.

Nonpuerperal breast abscess (NPBA) has different etiology as compared to the mastitis occurring in post partum women. The condition presents either as acute suppurative infection or chronic type. Organisms usually implicated are Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, and anaerobes.

Dowry--a deep-rooted cause of violence against women in India.

The world has entered the new millenium but it is a harsh reality that the woman in India has long been ill-treated in our male-dominated society. She is deprived of her independent identity and is looked upon as a commodity. She is not only robbed of her dignity and pride by way of seduction by the men outside, but also may become a victim of cruelty by her saviours, within the four walls of her own house.

Cloning controversies: an overview of the science, ethics and politics.

Man's quest for knowledge is boundless. It is because of this quest and his untiring efforts to acquire it, that we have made such tremendous breakthroughs in the fields of science and medicine. Vaccines for hitherto incurable diseases, genetic engineering, and the correction of congenital and hereditary diseases are a few of these.

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: fourteen years disease-free survival.

Solitary plasmacytomas are rare tumors of plasma cell origin categorized as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EP) and solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB). We report here a case of SPB who is off treatment for 14 years and is completely disease-free.

Reattachment of fractured fragments of maxillary central incisors--report of a case.

Reattachment of the original tooth fragment to the fractured tooth helps in maintaining the tooth's colour, wear resistance, morphology and translucency in the restoration. This paper describes the reattachment of fractured fragments using metallic post and core in case of a 12 year old patients who suffered a complicated facture of maxillary central incisors.

Organ transplantation programme: an overview of the present situation.

An ever-increasing demand for organs for transplantation has failed to keep pace with their availability. Social, religious and legal restrictions on the one hand and technological developments on the other have further worsened the existing shortage of organs. A correct definition of the 'moment of death', a more humane approach in breaking the news of death to relatives and de-linking the request for donation from the announcement of death may all go a long way in enhancing organ donation and procurement for needy patients.