Response of nitrergic system in the brain of rat conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation.

The role of nitrergic system in modulating the action of psychostimulants on reward processing is well established. However, the relevant anatomical underpinnings and scope of the involved interactions with mesolimbic dopaminergic system have not been clarified. Using immunohistochemistry, we track the changes in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing cell groups in the animals conditioned to intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via an electrode implanted in the lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) area.

Whole-Genome Analysis Deciphers Population Structure and Genetic Introgression Among Bovine Species.

It is known that throughout history and presently, taurine () and indicine/zebu () cattle were crossed with other bovine species (e.g., gayal, gaur, banteng, yak, wisent, and bison).

Synthetic biology stretching the realms of possibility in wine yeast research.

It took several millennia to fully understand the scientific intricacies of the process through which grape juice is turned into wine. This yeast-driven fermentation process is still being perfected and advanced today. Motivated by ever-changing consumer preferences and the belief that the 'best' wine is yet to be made, numerous approaches are being pursued to improve the process of yeast fermentation and the quality of wine.

Genome sequencing of an Indian peste des petits ruminants virus isolate, Izatnagar/94, and its implications for virus diversity, divergence and phylogeography.

Peste des petits ruminants is an important transboundary disease infecting small ruminants. Genome or gene sequence analysis enriches our knowledge about the evolution and transboundary nature of the causative agent of this disease, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Although analysis using whole genome sequences of pathogens leads to more precise phylogenetic relationships, when compared to individual genes or partial sequences, there is still a need to identify specific genes/genomic regions that can provide evolutionary assessments consistent with those predicted with full-length genome sequences.

Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats.

To evaluate the potential abortifacient activity of the aqueous, alcohol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of P. rubra pod in female albino rats 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight doses of each extract were administered from day 11 to 15 of pregnancy and animals were allowed to go full-term. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, simple phenolics, steroids, tannins and saponins.

Nuclear organization and distribution in the brain regions of the snake headed fish, Channa marulius.

Background: Morphological variations have arisen due to diverse environmental conditions. Application of cytoarchitectonic criteria permits the delineation of distinct nuclear complexes from the brain region.

Purpose: Very less information is available on the cytoarchitectonic pattern of the brain, of the giant snake headed murrel, Channa marulius.

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in tribal and caste groups of Maharashtra (India) and its implication on their genetic origins.

Genetic relationships among caste-groups are not uniform across the geographical regions of India. Many anthropologists have speculated on the tribal origin of some caste groups in Maharashtra and other states of India. To test this hypothesis, we used neutral mtDNA markers to study genetic relatedness among tribal and caste groups from Maharashtra.