Comparative Evaluation of Xerostomia among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects Wearing Complete Denture.

Background: Diabetes mellitus represents a group of metabolic diseases that are characterised by hyperglycaemia due to a total or relative lack of insulin secretion and insulin resistance or both. Diabetes mellitus patients present with a higher susceptibility to infections due to a deficiency in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as a result of vascular alterations and neuropathies. An increased risk of infections has been observed in complete denture wearing subjects with xerostomia.

Glycemic control monitoring in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes: a descriptive study from programmatic setting in Tamil Nadu, India.

India's national tuberculosis (TB) programme recommends that among patients with diabetes mellitus and TB, fasting blood glucose (FBG) be recorded at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase of TB treatment. We conducted this operational research in select districts of Tamil Nadu, India, in 2016 to determine the availability of blood glucose records and glycemic control status during TB treatment. This was a descriptive study involving secondary programme data.

Current Updates on Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which can be treated surgically with favorable outcome. The gait disturbance, cognitive, and urinary symptoms are known as the clinical triad of iNPH. In this review, we have addressed the comorbidities, differential diagnoses, clinical presentations, and pathology of iNPH.

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience.

Context: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare disorder. It is a type of male pseudohermaphroditism, usually presenting as "Hernia Uteri Inguinalis".

Aims: This study aims to present our experience of PMDS, over a 7-year period.

The effect of total thyroidectomy on the recovery of bone mineral density in subjects with hyperthyroidism.

Background: Although hyperthyroidism is associated with high turnover osteopenia and its recovery after treatment, the extent of recovery with different forms of therapy remains controversial. This prospective study evaluated the bone mineral density in thyrotoxic subjects undergoing total thyroidectomy and I radioactive iodine therapy.

Methods: Newly diagnosed subjects with hyperthyroidism undergoing total thyroidectomy (group 1; n = 127) and I radioactive iodine therapy (group 2; n = 30) were evaluated for bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at the time of diagnosis (point A), on achieving euthyroidism with antithyroid drugs (point B), and 6 months after definitive treatment (point C).

Spectrum of Hypokalemic Paralysis from a Tertiary Care Center in India.

Hypokalemic paralysis is an important and reversible cause of acute flaccid paralysis. The treating physician faces unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We did a prospective study and included all patients with acute flaccid weakness and documented serum potassium of <3.

Deploying machine learning to find out the reasons for not using condom in a questionnaire-based study of 120 patients.

Context: Even though condom offers more than 90% protection against human immunodeficiency viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus) and few sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the overall use of condom in India is low. Many studies revealed that the significant barriers for not using condom were lack of privacy in stores, cultural differences, etc.

Aims: We intended to find out the reasons for not using condoms in patients attending the STI clinic, by using questionnaire, and had applied machine learning tool to predict those reasons for not using condoms, from the data collected.

Direct Cerebral Revascularization: Extracranial-intracranial Bypass.

In 1967, the first extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) arterial anastomosis was performed. Since that time, EC-IC bypass surgery has become a widely accepted surgical treatment for patients with IC stenotic or occlusive atherosclerotic lesions. This article will discuss the history, indications, types, surgical methods, and complications of the EC-IC bypass.

Is hungry bone syndrome a cause of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in thyrotoxicosis? A prospective study with bone mineral density correlation.

Background: Hungry bone syndrome is a well-established cause of postoperative hypocalcemia in thyrotoxicosis. To date, the incidence of hungry bone syndrome after total thyroidectomy is unclear. This prospective study examined the incidence of postthyroidectomy hungry bone syndrome and its correlation with preoperative bone mineral density.

Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Higher Secondary School Students of Imphal, Manipur.

Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful period due to physical, psychological, sexual changes, and the presence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress at this stage of life is a matter of concern.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalences of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher secondary school students of Imphal and to determine the association between depression, anxiety, and stress and selected variables such as gender, standard, and religion.

Materials And Methods: From September 2014 to October 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary school students of Imphal.

Co-infection of syphilis and hepatitis B with carcinoma penis in a human immunodeficiency virus male.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have a high probability of co-infections with Syphilis and hepatitis B virus since they share the common routes of transmission. We report a 41-year-old HIV male (on antiretroviral therapy for the past 6 years) admitted for a complaint of penile ulcer for 2 months. Serology for syphilis and hepatitis B were positive.

Torsion of Accessory Hepatic Lobe.

An accessory hepatic lobe is a rare congenital anomaly that can undergo torsion and present as an acute surgical emergency. A 5-year-old child admitted as acute abdomen, on laparotomy found to have torsion of accessory lobe of liver, is being reported.

Recapitulation of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome associated Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is one of the clinical forms of KS. KS is caused by human herpes viruses 8 or KS associated herpes virus (KSHV). In India, till now, only 16 cases of AIDS associated KS was reported.

Congenital Right Morgagni Hernia Presenting in an Adult-a Case Report.

Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) usually present in the neonatal period with respiratory distress. Delayed presentation of CDH in adults is rare and difficult to diagnose. We present a 42-year-old female patient who came with complaints of epigastric pain and breathlessness on exertion.

Patterns of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in South India.

Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved the quality of life among HIV-infected people in India, the emergence of drug resistance along with the limited access and affordability to routine monitoring continues to be a challenge worldwide.

Methods: The frequency and patterns of HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations among the first-line failing HIV-infected patients attending a hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, were genotypically analyzed using the online Stanford HIV Database.

Results: Of the study patients followed up for 6 months, 23 patients failed first-line therapy and the mutation of I135R/T/V/X, L178 I/M, M184V/I, D67N, K70R, and K103N was most common.

Global Reconstruction for Extensive Destruction in Tuberculosis of the Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction: A Case Report.

Study Design Case report. Objective To analyze the surgical difficulties in restoring global spinal stability and to describe an effective surgical option for tuberculosis with extensive destruction of the lumbosacral spine. Advanced tuberculosis with destruction of the lumbosacral spine can result in a kyphosis or hypolordosis, leading to back pain, spinal instability, and neurological deficits.

Linezolid induced black hairy tongue.

Black hairy tongue (BHT) also called as lingua villosa nigra, is a self limiting benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and elongation of filiform papillae of tongue with brown or black discoloration. Smoking, poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, using peroxide containing mouth washes, substance abuse and drugs (steroids, methyldopa, olanzapine, etc) are the predisposing factors. However its occurrence in relation to linezolid ingestion among south Indians has not been reported in PubMed database.