Linguistic validation and cultural adaptation of Tamil version of oxford shoulder score.

Background: The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) is a well-established and extensively utilized shoulder score translated into Western and Asian languages for use in respective countries. Our study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the OSS in the Tamil language community.

Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were conducted according to previously established standards.

Age-dependent phenotypes of cognitive impairment as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cognitive changes associated with PASC may not be uniform across populations. We conducted individual-level pooled analyses and meta-analyses of cognitive assessments from eight prospective cohorts, comprising 2,105 patients and 1,432 controls from Argentina, Canada, Chile, Greece, India, Italy, Russia, and the UK. The meta-analysis found no differences by country of origin.

Dissemination of clinical harboring the gene in Pakistan.

Background: Colistin is an antibiotic used as a last resort to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistant () genes in () are disseminated globally and are considered to be a major public health threat. This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant isolates in clinical settings in Pakistan.

Physician's perceived barriers to millet-based diet in clinical practice: A cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers faced by physicians in Maharashtra when recommending a millet-based diet for diabetic patients. The objectives were to identify the challenges physicians encounter in promoting millet consumption, assess their knowledge and beliefs about millet-based diets, and evaluate the current resources and practices used in dietary counseling for diabetes management.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 68 physicians specializing in diabetes care in Maharashtra.

Inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined phenotype: when to use and what to expect?

The term "asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined phenotype" describes patients with persistent airflow limitation and features of both asthma and COPD. There is a lack of data on effective treatments for this group, often excluded from asthma or COPD trials. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are standard for asthma, while bronchodilators are key for COPD.

Association of GLP1R locus with mental ill-health endophenotypes and cardiometabolic traits: A trans-ancestry study in UK Biobank.

Aims: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, have been associated with off-target behavioural effects. We systematically assessed genetic variation in the GLP1R locus for impact on mental ill-health (MIH) and cardiometabolic phenotypes across diverse populations within UK Biobank.

Materials And Methods: All genetic variants with minor allele frequency >1% in the GLP1R locus were investigated for associations with MIH phenotypes and cardiometabolic phenotypes.

Examining the integration of refugees into the national health system in Uganda: an analysis using the policy triangle framework.

Background: Uganda has been confronted with a sustained influx of refugees for decades. This prompted the government to explore opportunities to integrate refugees into local service structures including its national health system. This paper chronicles the history of policies and strategies that have influenced the integration of refugees into the national health system in Uganda and investigates factors that impacted policy evolution and progression.

A novel IoT-based approach using fractional fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators application in revolutionizing healthcare selection.

In the current era, IoT-based healthcare solutions play a pivotal role in transforming the healthcare landscape by addressing key challenges and significantly enhancing the quality, accessibility, and efficiency of medical services, particularly for individuals in remote areas. This paper introduces innovative operations on fractional fuzzy sets (FFS), specifically the Hamacher sum and product, and establishes corresponding operational laws. Building upon these foundations, we propose novel aggregation operators (AoPs) leveraging Hamacher norms and rigorously analyze their properties within the FFS framework.

Effect of epinephrine administration interval on cerebral perfusion in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Objectives: The recommended epinephrine administration interval during CPR is between 3 and 5 min. However, the optimal interval for improving cerebral perfusion remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of epinephrine administration interval of 3 min or 5 min on cerebral perfusion pressure (CEPP) and cortical cerebral blood flow (CCBF) in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Machine Learning-Based Diagnosis of Chronic Subjective Tinnitus With Altered Cognitive Function: An Event-Related Potential Study.

Objectives: Due to the absence of objective diagnostic criteria, tinnitus diagnosis primarily relies on subjective assessments. However, its neuropathological features can be objectively quantified using electroencephalography (EEG). Despite the existing research, the pathophysiology of tinnitus remains unclear.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

The Impact of an Early Mobility Protocol on Recovery Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries.

Background:  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), early mobilization is a critical component of healthcare that significantly impacts patient recovery and outcomes. Despite evidence supporting the benefits of early mobilization for abdominal surgery patients, standardized protocols remain scarce across many healthcare environments.

Aim:  This study evaluates the feasibility and impact of an early mobility protocol (EMP) on improvement in mobility and patient satisfaction in abdominal surgery patients.

Managing Arrhythmias in Cardiogenic Shock: Insights Into Milrinone and Dobutamine Therapy.

Shock is a state of inadequate perfusion that affects vital organs. Cardiogenic shock (CS) predisposes patients to various arrhythmias. The adverse effect depends on intervention and pharmacogenomics.

Oral Health Care for Individuals With Special Needs: Practices and Challenges Among General Practitioners in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: A vital component of public health that needs a lot of attention is oral health care for people with special needs. The phrase "special needs" describes a wide range of issues pertaining to behavior, development, health, and emotions that require specific medical and educational support. These individuals often present with complex oral health care needs that require specialized knowledge and skills.

Early Identification of Low Scorers: The Role of Formative Assessments and Summative Assessments.

Background Identifying students who are low scorers is essential for providing timely interventions and support. Traditional methods of identifying such students often rely on summative assessments, such as end-of-term exams. However, formative assessments offer valuable insights into students' understanding, strengths, and weaknesses.

Prenatal vitamin utilization and its determinants among pregnant women in south Gondar zone: multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Prenatal vitamin and mineral supplements are commonly advised as clinical practice standard of care. In spite of Ethiopian government focus on maternal nutrition programmes targeting pregnant and lactating women, Micronutrient deficiencies are still quite common and are regarded as a serious public health issue and also little is known regarding utilization and barriers to prenatal vitamin use during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess utilization and associated factors of prenatal vitamins among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the south Gondar zone, 2024.

Establishment of reference audiometric norms for the elderly population: A community-based study on mean and median hearing thresholds.

Background: This investigation quantifies the mean and median hearing thresholds and assesses the prevalence of age-related hearing loss within the senior population of Taipei.

Methods: In a substantive geriatric assessment supported by government initiative, 1696 individuals from a community hospital partook in this cross-sectional study (2016-2018). Detailed audiometric evaluations logged pure-tone thresholds across critical frequencies (0.

Food Safety Concerns in Pakistan: Monitoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Residue Contamination in Commercially Available Fish and Poultry Meat Samples.

Food safety is a critical issue in the 21st century due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing harmful foodborne diseases. This comprehensive study meticulously examined the presence of bacterial isolates, quinolone residue, and antimicrobial resistance genes in samples of broiler and fish meat. Forty samples were collected from various locations in the Faisalabad metropolis.

Cost-effectiveness of hearing aids in South Korea: a multistate Markov model analysis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using hearing aids among individuals aged 50 and older with varying levels of hearing loss in South Korea.

Methods: A state-transition Markov model was employed to assess the cost-effectiveness of hearing aid utilization from a societal perspective. We simulated a cohort of patients aged 50, tracking their progression through normal, mild, moderate, and severe stages of hearing loss until death or age 80.

Multilevel analysis of prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Somalia: insights from the Somalia demographic and health survey 2020.

Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a critical public health challenge, particularly for children under five in low- and middle-income countries such as Somalia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea in this vulnerable population, utilizing data from the 2020 Somalia Demographic and Health Survey.

Methods: This investigation employed secondary data from the 2020 Somalia Demographic and Health Survey.

Physicians' perception towards continuing professional development in government teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia-mixed method design.

Background: Continuing professional development has been mandatory for healthcare professionals to renew their licenses. However, there is a shortage of information regarding physicians' perceptions of continuing professional development. Therefore, it is timely to assess the perception of physicians and barriers toward continuing professional development.

Combined effect of healthy lifestyles and obesity on cardiometabolic risks in Chinese rural adults.

Background: Combined effect of healthy lifestyles and obesity on cardiometabolic risks were unclear in Chinese rural adults. We aimed to assess the above-mentioned issue.

Methods: This study included 25,123 adults from baseline survey of Henan rural cohort study.

Features of intermediate and late dry age-related macular degeneration on adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy: Pinnacle Study Report 8.

Background/objectives: Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) has the potential to provide insights into AMD pathology and to assess the risk of progression. We aim to utilise AOO to describe detailed features of intermediate AMD and to characterise microscopic changes during atrophy development.

Subjects/methods: Patients with intermediate AMD were recruited into PINNACLE, a prospective observational cohort study.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.