In vivo bone regeneration performance of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel-based composite bone cements in ovariectomized and ovary-intact rats: a preliminary investigation.

The objective of this study is to fabricate and develop hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogel (HG)-based composite bone cements with incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and with/without polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for vertebroplasty. For animal study, twenty female Wister rats (250-300 g, 12 weeks of age) were divided into four groups including a two non-ovariectomy (NOVX) groups and two ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis groups. Two prepared biocomposites including HG/β-TCP/HA and HG/β-TCP/HA/PMMA were injected into the tibial defects of both OVX and NOVX rats for evaluating in vivo osteogenesis after 12 weeks.

The current state and future direction of childcare for cancer patients: a narrative review.

Purpose: One in four patients diagnosed with cancer are parents to dependent children. For these patients, childcare services are needed to overcome the time demands of cancer treatment. Despite the childcare support needs and its potential impact on treatment outcomes, targeted childcare services for cancer patients remain limited.

Role of interleukin-4 receptor α polymorphism in patients with asthma and its correlation with asthma severity.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by the history of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough that vary over time and intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation. A personal history or a family history of allergy is the factor most strongly associated with the development of asthma.

Digitalization of health care in low- and middle-income countries.

The rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases, combined with the costs of mitigating climate change, sovereign debt and regional conflicts, is undermining global health security and threatening progress towards achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. The negative impact of these polycrises is disproportionately borne by low- and middle-income countries, which have the highest disease burden and lowest health-care spending. Health digitalization is emerging as a promising countermeasure, accelerated by artificial intelligence (AI) software and quantum computing hardware.

Retraction: Advancing Perioperative Neurocognitive Health: A Critical Review of Predictive Tools, Diagnostic Methods, and Interventional Strategies.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59436.

A cross-sectional study of parental perspectives on children about COVID-19 and classification using machine learning models.

Background And Objective: This study delves into the parenting cognition perspectives on COVID-19 in children, exploring symptoms, transmission modes, and protective measures. It aims to correlate these perspectives with sociodemographic factors and employ advanced machine-learning techniques for comprehensive analysis.

Method: Data collection involved a semi-structured questionnaire covering parental knowledge and attitude on COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, protective measures, and government satisfaction.

Application of elastic net for clinical outcome prediction and classification in progressive supranuclear palsy: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have used machine learning to identify clinically relevant atrophic regions in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study applied Elastic Net (EN) in PSP to uncover key atrophic patterns, offering a novel approach to understanding its pathology.

Methods: This study included baseline data from 74 patients with PSP enrolled in the Study of Comprehensive ANd multimodal marker-based cohort of PSP (SCAN-PSP, NCT05579301) in Seoul between January 2022 and August 2023.

Musculoskeletal adverse events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors: a real-world study using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in several cancers but can also induce various organ system toxicities, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the musculoskeletal adverse events (MSAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors based on real-world data.

Methods: Reports of MSAEs linked to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 and 2023 Q4 were extracted from the FAERS.

pH-sensitive nano-drug delivery systems dual-target endothelial cells and macrophages for enhanced treatment of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction. In the early stage of the disease, endothelial cell injury induces the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages, which secrete large amounts of inflammatory factors, further aggravating endothelial cell dysfunction and exacerbating the disease. Therefore, it is promising for co-targeting endothelial cells and macrophages further regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and endothelial cell function for effective treatment.

Medicinal Plants Exhibited Promising Potential to Inhibit Biofilm Formation by Catheter-Associated Bacteria in UTI Patients from Lahore, Pakistan.

The current study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biofilm inhibitory potential of six medicinal plants, including Trachyspermum ammi, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Thymus vulgaris, Terminalia arjuna, and Ipomoea carneaid against catheter-associated bacteria (CAB). Eighteen CAB were identified up to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, viz., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A randomised non-inferiority trial investigating antibiotic adjustments based on blood culture in acute cholangitis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the adequacy of using blood cultures alone for antibiotic therapy in mild-to-moderate acute cholangitis after adequate biliary drainage.

Methods: A prospective, multi-centre, non-inferiority, randomised trial was conducted from August 2015 to September 2023 across 12 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to groups.

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Safety and Efficacy of Ketorolac After Craniotomy for Tumor Resection".

To The Editor, We thoroughly read the article published in your journal entitled as "Safety and Efficacy of Ketorolac After Craniotomy for Tumor Resection" (1) and would like to appreciate the efforts being put by the authors. However to enhance the literature of this article we have some appraisal assessments which if added can enhance the quality of the literature and addressing these factors may improve the depth of the model.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.

Antheraea pernyi silk nanofibrils with inherent RGD motifs accelerate diabetic wound healing: A novel drug-free strategy to promote hemostasis, regulate immunity and improve re-epithelization.

The chronic inflammation and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-induced tissue degradation significantly disrupt re-epithelization and delay the healing process of diabetic wounds. To address these issues, we produced nanofibrils from Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk fibers via a facile and green treatment of swelling and shearing. The integrin receptors on the cytomembrane could specifically bind to the Ap nanofibrils (ApNFs) due to their inherent Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motifs, which activated platelets to accelerate coagulation and promoted fibroblast migration, adhesion and spreading.

Neuro-computational simulation of blood flow loaded with gold and maghemite nanoparticles inside an electromagnetic microchannel under rapid and unexpected change in pressure gradient.

In cardiovascular research, electromagnetic fields generated by Riga plates are utilized to study or manipulate blood flow dynamics, which is particularly crucial in developing treatments for conditions such as arterial plaque deposition and understanding blood behavior under varied flow conditions. This research predicts the flow patterns of blood enhanced with gold and maghemite nanoparticles (gold-maghemite/blood) in an electromagnetic microchannel influenced by Riga plates with a temperature gradient that decays exponentially, under sudden changes in pressure gradient. The flow modeling includes key physical influences like radiation heat emission and Darcy drag forces in porous media, with the flow mathematically represented through unsteady partial differential equations solved using the Laplace transform (LT) method.

Clomipramine-Induced Urinary Retention in an Adult Male - A Case Report.

Background: Clomipramine, a Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA), is known for its efficacy in treating Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, it is associated with several side effects, including urinary retention. This case report discusses the case of a 20-year-old male with OCD who developed urinary retention following clomipramine administration.

Impact of microplastics on the human digestive system: From basic to clinical.

As a new type of pollutant, the harm caused by microplastics (MPs) to organisms has been the research focus. Recently, the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products, such as takeout. The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.

Sociodemographic and Economic Correlates of Dialysis Vintage in a Resource Challenged Setting: A Four-Year Prospective Study in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Dialysis vintage is largely dependent on the effectiveness of the delivered dose coupled with the extent of patient compliance with the prescribed treatment regimen. This study assessed the determinants and correlates of dialysis vintage. : This was a 4-year prospective, observational study.

Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes as Biomarkers of Susceptibility for Pesticide-Induced DNA Damage among Agricultural Workers: A Review.

Pesticides induce oxidative DNA damage and genotoxic effects such as DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and enhanced sister chromatid exchanges. Such DNA damage can be repaired by DNA repair mechanisms. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present in DNA repair genes involved in base excision repair (BER) (, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) (, , , and ), and double-strand break repair (DSBR) ( and ).

Unveiling the Hepatic Harbinger: Assessing the Fatty Liver Index as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Healthcare Workers.

Background: Female healthcare workers have unique occupational stressors and lifestyle factors that may increase their risk of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the fatty liver index (FLI) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome among female employees in the healthcare sector.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 450 female healthcare workers aged ≥18 years, employed in various roles at a tertiary healthcare facility in Gujarat.

Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient.

We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects.

TGF-beta plays dual roles in immunity and pathogenesis in leishmaniasis.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), displaying a dual role in immunosuppression and pathogenesis, has emerged as a key regulator of anti-leishmanial immune responses. In Leishmania infections, TGF-β drives immune deviation by enhancing regulatory T-cell (T-reg) differentiation and inhibiting macrophage activation, suppressing critical antiparasitic responses. This cytokine simultaneously promotes fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and fibrosis in infected tissues, which aids in wound healing but impedes immune cell infiltration, particularly in visceral leishmaniasis, where splenic disorganization and compromised immune access are notable.

FIGG at 5: An update on U.S. public perspectives on forensic investigative genetic genealogy five years after its introduction to criminal investigations.

In 2018, after law enforcement announced it had used a technique called forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG) to identify the Golden State Killer, we conducted a U.S. general population survey and found most respondents supported using FIGG to solve violent crimes.