Surgery for Olecranon Fractures in the Elderly (SOFIE): Results of the SOFIE Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The financial and resource burden of management of olecranon fractures in the elderly is likely to increase with an aging population. There is limited evidence guiding treatment choice in this cohort. This study aimed to determine whether operative treatment of displaced olecranon fractures in elderly patients provides superior 12-month functional outcomes compared to nonoperative treatment.

Case Series of Right-Hemisphere Nonfluent Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia.

Background And Purpose: Nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of language functions that typically appears with atrophy predominating in the left peri-insular region (left-nfvPPA) on imaging. While both left-dominant and right-dominant presentations have been reported in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, the other language presentation of frontotemporal dementia, no case series of nfvPPA with predominantly right-sided atrophy of the peri-insular region (right-nfvPPA) have been reported previously. This study explored whether such entities exist and what their clinical features might be.

Fabrication of 3D printed hollow spheres for quality control and feasibility for use with xSPECT bone.

Quantitative accuracy and constancy of Siemens xSPECT Bone quantitative reconstruction algorithm (xBone) can be monitored using activity-filled hollow spheres, which could be 3D printed (3DP) to increase accessibility to phantoms. One concern is that 3D prints can have air gaps in the walls which may pose issues for attenuation correction and xBone tissue zone mapping. This study assessed the feasibility of using 3DP spheres (3DP-S) with materials PLA, PETG and Resin as substitutes for commercial hollow spheres (C-S).

Management, outcomes and predictors of mortality of Cryptococcus infection in patients without HIV: a multicentre study in 46 hospitals from Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Limited data exist regarding outcomes of cryptococcosis in patients without HIV with few studies having compared outcomes of Cryptococcus gattii, versus C. neoformans, infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 46 Australian and New Zealand hospitals to determine the outcomes of cryptococcosis in patients without HIV diagnosed between 2015 and 2019, and compared outcomes of C.

Avoiding prostate bed radiation for the PSMA-PET detected nodal recurrence patient post prostatectomy.

Background: Nodal only recurrence post radical prostatectomy (RP) is increasingly recognised in the PSMA scan era. Management is controversial with a curative approach usually incorporating prostate bed and nodal irradiation (PB + NRT) in combination with long-term hormonal therapy. It is unknown whether omitting prostate-bed irradiation (PBRT) is safe in a subgroup of these patients.

An Update on Recent Clinical Trial Data in Bloodstream Infection.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality globally, exacerbated by an ageing population and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review offers an updated evaluation of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in BSI management from 2018 onwards, focusing on the evolving landscape of diagnostics and treatment. New rapid diagnostic technologies and shorter antimicrobial courses have transformed clinical practice, reducing the time to appropriate therapy and hospital stays.

Evaluating the accuracy of an automatic counting system to detect dispensing of hand hygiene product.

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential element of infection prevention and control programs. Direct observation of adherence to the 5 moments for HH is considered the gold standard in compliance monitoring. However, as direct observation introduces potential bias, other strategies have been proposed to supplement HH compliance data in healthcare facilities.

Diagnosis and management of mantle cell lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a clinically heterogeneous B-cell neoplasm with unique clinicopathological features, accounting for 5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although for many chemoimmunotherapy can lead to durable remissions, those with poor baseline prognostic factors, namely blastoid morphology, TP53 aberrancy and Ki67 >30%, will have less durable responses to conventional therapies. With this in mind, clinical trials have focused on novel targeted therapies to improve outcomes.

Longitudinal changes in functional capacity in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: This study investigated the changes in functional capacity with disease progression in a well-characterised cohort of patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) presentations.

Methods: We recruited 126 behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), 40 progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), 64 semantic dementia (SD), 45 logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA), and 115 AD patients. Functional capacity was measured annually over ∼7 years using the Disability Assessment for Dementia.

Gastrointestinal calciphylaxis: a rare and devastating complication in end-stage kidney disease.

Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare and severe condition that predominantly affects individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It manifests through vascular calcifications that precipitate tissue necrosis, with cutaneous manifestations being common. However, gastrointestinal involvement is an infrequent but gravely serious occurrence.

Air Purifiers and Acute Respiratory Infections in Residential Aged Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effectiveness of in-room air purification for the reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in residential aged-care facilities (RACFs) is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of in-room air purifiers with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-14 filters in reducing the incidence of ARIs among residents of RACFs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial used a multicenter, double-blind, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover design for 6 months from April 7 to October 26, 2023, in 3 RACFs with a bed capacity of 50 to 100 in New South Wales, Australia.

The role of amino acid PET in radiotherapy target volume delineation for adult-type diffuse gliomas: A review of the literature.

Purpose: To summarise existing literature examining amino acid positron emission tomography (AA-PET) for radiotherapy target volume delineation in patients with gliomas.

Methods: Systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.

Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria.

Voluntary Neonatal Medication Incident Reporting-A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis.

: Medication errors in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are prevalent, with dosage and prescription errors being the most common. : To identify the common medication errors reported over twelve years using a voluntary, nonanonymous incident reporting system (RiskMan clinical incident reporting information system) at an Australian tertiary NICU. : This was a single-centre cohort study conducted at a tertiary NICU.

Robotic versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials.

Introduction: The objective of this article is to compare outcomes of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for surgical management of renal tumours by performing a systematic review.

Materials And Methods: Prospective randomised controlled trials comparing robotic to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were included in this analysis. No date or language restriction was imposed.

Goldilocks mastectomy with immediate reconstruction: enhancing aesthetic outcomes and preserving nipple complex.

Despite significant advancements in early breast cancer detection, mastectomy remains a crucial treatment option for some patients. Immediate breast reconstruction post-mastectomy has emerged as an ideal procedure to minimize physical and psychosocial patient impacts, striving for improved cosmetic results. The "enhanced "Goldilocks mastectomy technique, characterized by nipple preservation or grafting and utilizing the fifth perforator anatomy, offers a sound approach to reconstruction in comorbid and large-breasted patients.

Dental team barriers and enablers for the dental management of adults with severe obesity: a qualitative analysis.

Background: Broad challenges regarding the dental management of people with severe obesity experienced by general dentists have been minimally explored. The perspectives of the dental team regarding these multifaceted issues are currently unknown and they potentially impede the delivery of optimal dental care to this population and contribute to poor oral and general health.

Aims: Our qualitative study aimed to identify and explore barriers and enablers in the dental management of adults with severe obesity among dental professionals and support staff in Australia.

Acceptability and quality of the 'Grog Survey App' brief intervention: Helping Aboriginal Australians reflect on their drinking using a digital health tool.

Introduction: The Grog Survey App is a validated, visual and interactive self-administered application for tablet computers that is designed to help Aboriginal Australians describe their alcohol consumption. Each person who completes the App also receives a brief intervention with feedback tailored to their survey responses. We aimed to qualitatively assess the acceptability and perceived quality of the Grog App's brief intervention, among higher risk consumers and health providers at an Aboriginal residential rehabilitation centre.

Nature and impact of symptoms at time of initial presentation for patients with glioblastoma.

Introduction: In patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), minimal data exist on the pathway to presentation and the impact of symptoms on survival outcomes. This study aims to detail the symptoms that occur at time of initial presentation, the response to subsequent intervention, and the factors that predict survival in patients managed for GBM.

Methods: A retrospective audit was performed from established prospective databases in patients managed consecutively with radiation therapy (RT) for GBM between 2016 and 2019.

Preferences in treating polyomavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients: A discrete choice experiment with patients, caregivers, and clinicians.

Background: Treatment strategies for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in kidney transplant recipients are heterogeneous among clinicians. We aimed to identify the treatment preferences of key stakeholders for BKPyV infection and measure the trade-offs between treatment outcomes.

Methods: Adult kidney transplant recipients, caregivers, and clinicians were eligible to participate in a discrete choice experiment between February 2021 and June 2022.

A keep-it-simple embolisation approach to treat pelvic congestion syndrome without compromising clinical effectiveness.

Introduction: There are two approaches to treating pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS): (i) the keep-it-simple (KIS) approach, which involves embolising only the refluxing vein(s), typically the left ovarian vein (LOV) unless the right ovarian vein (ROV) or left/right internal iliac vein (IIV) tributaries are also refluxing; and (ii) the extensive (EXT) approach, which empirically embolises almost all of the LOV, ROV, and left and right IIV tributaries. The aim of this study is to determine whether the KIS approach can effectively treat PCS while minimising the number of treated veins and coils used, without the need for injecting sclerosing agents into pelvic veins or the use of occlusion balloons.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study.

Significant kidney disease in pregnancy: Feasibility and outcomes of a national population-based study using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System.

Background: Current understanding of clinical practice and care for maternal kidney disease in pregnancy in Australia is hampered by limitations in available renal-specific datasets.

Aims: To capture the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of women with significant kidney disease in pregnancy and demonstrate feasibility of a national cohort study approach.

Materials And Methods: An Australian prospective study (2017-2018) using a new kidney disease-specific survey within the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS).