What Is the Common Ground for Modern Psychotherapy? A Discussion Paper Based on EACLIPT's 1st Webinar.

Psychotherapy as it is implemented today, can be seen as the composition of unconnected groups of practitioners and scientists pursuing different theories. The idea of finding a common "umbrella" for all evidence-based treatments in the field of psychotherapy is gaining more interest. Based on this background, experts in clinical psychology from various backgrounds led a fundamental discussion about modern psychotherapy and its basic mechanisms.

Social feedback promotes positive social sharing, trust, and closeness.

Positive social sharing is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy that enhances positive affect and social belonging, particularly when met with positive social feedback. Despite the ubiquity of positive social sharing both in person and online, what drives this behavior is not well understood. We hypothesized that positive social feedback serves as a reward that reinforces sharing behavior and strengthens social bonds.

The Social Context of Partnered Older Adults' Insomnia Symptoms.

The current study included an examination of social factors that mitigate or exacerbate insomnia symptoms among older adults who are married or living with a partner. We first examined the unique effects of spousal support and strain on insomnia symptoms and then evaluated the degree to which extramarital social factors (e.g.

Disaggregating between- and within-patient effects of ruptures and resolutions on the therapeutic alliance and symptom severity.

The therapeutic alliance is considered a robust predictor of psychotherapy outcome. Ruptures and resolutions in the alliance have been the focus of recent alliance literature. Most previous studies investigated their between-patient effects.

Choosing for others changes dissociable computational mechanisms underpinning risky decision-making.

Choices under risk often have consequences for ourselves and others. Yet, it is unclear how the other's identity (stranger, close friend, etc.) influences risky choices made on their behalf.

Guilt underlies compassion among those who have suffered adversity.

Feelings of guilt can often result from the onset of adverse life events. Although guilt is often linked to psychological dysfunction, emerging findings suggest that it can also act as a powerful moral force in motivating compassion. Yet, little work has been done to examine how guilt, as a function of surviving past adversity, can affect people's propensity to feel compassion toward others.

Therapeutic immediacy in psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A mixed-method study.

This exploratory study assesses the use and quality of therapeutic immediacy in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression. We aimed to identify what constitutes effective here-and-now discussions of the therapeutic relationship by examining a sample of four treatment cases drawn from a previous randomized clinical trial for depression. Transcripts of 16 treatment sessions (four time points per treatment) were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research for case study method.

Parent-Child Attachment Security and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Forgiveness.

Although greater parent-child attachment security is linked with children's lower levels of depressive symptoms, little research has evaluated potential explanatory mechanisms. We investigated whether dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness explain the relation between attachment security with parents and early adolescents' depressive symptoms. Early adolescents (N = 105; M age = 12.

Renegotiating tasks or goals as rupture repair: A task analysis in a cognitive-behavioral therapy for personality disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide some definition of rupture repair in a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for personality disorders, specifically how treatment tasks or goals are renegotiated.

Method: Following a task analysis, a rational model was developed with the support of an expert panel. An empirical analysis was conducted on six CBT cases sampled from a clinical trial that included personality disordered patients and treatment adherent therapists.

Source of Information on Intentions to Adopt Protective Behaviours During COVID-19 in China.

: COVID-19 spread across China and other countries in a matter of weeks. Yet, it is uncertain how people have responded to protective behaviours in this pandemic. This study aims to evaluate how trust in different types of information sources influences the intention to adopt protective behaviours.

Age-related differences in ventral striatal and default mode network function during reciprocated trust.

Social relationships change across the lifespan as social networks narrow and motivational priorities shift to the present. Interestingly, aging is also associated with changes in executive function, including decision-making abilities, but it remains unclear how age-related changes in both domains interact to impact financial decisions involving other people. To study this problem, we recruited 50 human participants (N = 26, ages 18-34; N = 24, ages 63-80) to play an economic trust game as the investor with three partners (friend, stranger, and computer) who played the role of investee.

Anxiety, academic achievement, and academic self-concept: Meta-analytic syntheses of their relations across developmental periods.

This systematic review examined how anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders relate to academic achievement, school dropout, and academic self-concept. Studies with children or adult samples were included in seven meta-analyses (ks for number of samples ranged from 5 to 156; N's for participants ranged from 780 to 37, 203). Results revealed significant but very small effect sizes for the relations between anxiety and overall academic achievement ( = -.

Alliance ruptures and resolutions in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for adolescent depression: An empirical case study.

Most research on alliance rupture-repair processes in psychotherapy has been carried out with adults and little is known about the alliance dynamics with adolescents, especially in psychodynamic treatments. This study aimed to better understand the process of alliance rupture-resolution and its role in a good-outcome case of a depressed adolescent treated with short-term psychoanalytic-psychotherapy (STPP). A longitudinal, mixed-methods empirical single-case approach was employed.

Parental emotion socialization: Relations with adjustment, security, and maternal depression in early adolescence.

How parents approach and teach their children about emotions are key determinants of children's healthy adjustment (Denham, 2019). Parental emotion socialization has been mostly studied in parents of young children. Our study identified emotion socialization (ES) strategies used by parents of early adolescents (Study 1) and then examined the relations of ES strategies with early adolescent adjustment, parent-child attachment, and maternal depression (Study 2).

Association between decentering and reductions in relapse/recurrence in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression in adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: "Decentering" is defined as the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind (Safran & Segal, 1990), and is increasingly regarded as a candidate mechanism in mindfulness-based interventions. The present study sought to examine the role of decentering, and other related variables, in the efficacy of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) as compared to two active comparison conditions.

Method: Formerly depressed individuals (N = 227), randomly assigned to MBCT (n = 74), relaxation group therapy (RGT; n = 77) or Treatment as usual (TAU; n = 76), completed self-report measures of decentering and symptoms of depression at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, and relapse was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, posttreatment.

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Criminal legal system-involved populations are disproportionally impacted by chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These discrepancies are thought to be due to both health disparities and increased likelihood to engage in health-compromising behaviors. Medical conditions can significantly influence neuropsychological functioning and, in turn, thinking and behavior relevant to clinical forensic decision-making and psychological practice in criminal legal settings.

How does hostile resistance interfere with the benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder? The role of therapist adherence and working alliance.

Although clients' hostile behavior directed at therapists () predicts worse outcomes in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder, the process by which this happens remains unknown. This study examines two putative mechanisms: working alliance and therapist adherence. Seventy-one adults with primary panic disorder received CBT in a larger trial.

Experimental evidence for a child-to-adolescent switch in human amygdala-prefrontal cortex communication: A cross-sectional pilot study.

Interactions between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex are fundamental to human emotion. Despite the central role of frontoamygdala communication in adult emotional learning and regulation, little is known about how top-down control emerges during human development. In the present cross-sectional pilot study, we experimentally manipulated prefrontal engagement to test its effects on the amygdala during development.

A randomized controlled trial for identifying the most suitable treatment for depression based on patients' attachment orientation.

Objective: Many active treatments exist for major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about their differential effects for various subpopulations of patients to guide precision medicine. This is the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to identify differential treatment effects based on patients' attachment orientations. We tested an a priori preregistered hypothesis of the potential moderating effect of patients' attachment orientation on the outcome of supportive therapy (ST) versus supportive-expressive therapy (SET).

Military couples' experiences in the aftermath of a cancelled deployment.

Deployment requires considerable preparation for military families and changes to these plans may create notable stress. The current study leveraged data from a sample of military couples who experienced the cancellation of an overseas deployment to learn more about their experiences as they adjusted to this change. Guided by family stress and anticipatory stress perspectives, we analyzed qualitative data from 28 service members and their significant others (i.

Open-label trial of a single-day induction onto buprenorphine extended-release injection for users of heroin and fentanyl.

Background And Objectives: Fentanyl and other highly potent synthetic opioids are the leading cause of opioid overdose deaths in the United States.

Methods: This study was an open-label, uncontrolled 12-week outpatient clinical trial to test the feasibility of a single-day induction onto extended-release buprenorphine (BXR) injection treatment for five adults (N = 5) with opioid use disorder using heroin-containing fentanyl. Participants were planned to receive three monthly BXR injections (300, 300, and 100 mg).