Loneliness and Marital Quality as Predictors of Older Adults' Insomnia Symptoms.

The current study examined associations between marital quality, loneliness, and sleep within a nationally representative sample of older adults who participated in Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Participants ( =559) had a spouse or partner and completed a novel sleep module that included subjective (i.e.

Characterizing the mechanisms of social connection.

Understanding how individuals form and maintain strong social networks has emerged as a significant public health priority as a result of the increased focus on the epidemic of loneliness and the myriad protective benefits conferred by social connection. In this review, we highlight the psychological and neural mechanisms that enable us to connect with others, which in turn help buffer against the consequences of stress and isolation. Central to this process is the experience of rewards derived from positive social interactions, which encourage the sharing of perspectives and preferences that unite individuals.

Using machine learning algorithms to predict the effects of change processes in psychotherapy: Toward process-level treatment personalization.

This study aimed to develop and test algorithms to determine the individual relevance of two psychotherapeutic change processes (i.e., mastery and clarification) for outcome prediction.

Protocol for randomized personalized trial for stress management compared to standard of care.

Stress is a significant public health burden in the United States, with most Americans reporting unhealthy levels of stress. Stress management techniques include various evidence-based treatments shown to be effective but with heterogeneous treatment responses, indicating a lack of uniform benefits for all individuals. Designed to assess a participant's response to a specific intervention, personalized (N-of-1) trials provide guidance for which treatment (s) work (s) best for the individual.

A Series of Personalized Virtual Light Therapy Interventions for Fatigue: Feasibility Randomized Crossover Trial for N-of-1 Treatment.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms treated in primary care and can lead to deficits in mental health and functioning. Light therapy can be an effective treatment for symptoms of fatigue; however, the feasibility, scalability, and individual-level heterogeneity of light therapy for fatigue are unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a series of personalized (N-of-1) interventions for the virtual delivery of bright light (BL) therapy and dim light (DL) therapy versus usual care (UC) treatment for fatigue in 60 participants.

Older Adults' Social Profiles and Links to Functional and Biological Aging in the United States and Mexico.

Objective: Social stress-loneliness, isolation, and low relationship quality-increase risks of aging-related diseases. However, the ways in which they intersect to undermine healthy aging remain poorly understood. We used latent class analysis to identify groups of older adults based on their social stress in both the United States and Mexico.

Opening the Black Box of Family-Based Treatments: An Artificial Intelligence Framework to Examine Therapeutic Alliance and Therapist Empathy.

The evidence-based treatment (EBT) movement has primarily focused on core intervention content or treatment fidelity and has largely ignored practitioner skills to manage interpersonal process issues that emerge during treatment, especially with difficult-to-treat adolescents (delinquent, substance-using, medical non-adherence) and those of color. A chief complaint of "real world" practitioners about manualized treatments is the lack of correspondence between following a manual and managing microsocial interpersonal processes (e.g.

Everyday life experiences for evaluating post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Previous research has highlighted the importance of regularizing daily routines for maintaining mental health. Little is known about whether and how regularity of daily routines is associated with reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We aimed to examine the associations between regularity of daily routines and PTSD symptoms in two studies ( = 796).

Nutritional Aspects, Chemistry Profile, Extraction Techniques of Lemongrass Essential Oil and It's Physiological Benefits.

Lemongrass contains a variety of substances that are known to have antioxidant and disease-preventing properties, including essential oils, compounds, minerals, and vitamins. Lemongrass () essential oil (LGEO) has been demonstrated to ameliorate diabetes and accelerate wound healing. A member of the Poaceae family, Lemongrass, a fragrant plant, is cultivated for the extraction of essential oils including myrcene and a mixture of geranial and neral isomers of citral monoterpenes.

The effect of a multi-component behavior change technique intervention on medication adherence among individuals on primary prevention statin therapy: a dose-finding protocol.

Background: In the USA, the primary cause of death and morbidity continues to be cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous trials have shown that statin medication reduces the likelihood of CVD events; it is a cornerstone of CVD prevention. However, studies have also indicated that up to 60% of the estimated 26.

Integrative-interpersonal dynamic therapy for poststroke depression (INID): study protocol of a randomised controlled pilot trial.

Introduction: Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder following stroke, affecting about one-third of stroke survivors. Patients experience poorer recovery, lower quality of life and higher mortality compared with stroke survivors without depression. Despite these well-known malign consequences, poststroke depression (PSD) is regarded underdiagnosed and undertreated.

A critical assessment of the whole plant-based phytotherapeutics from (L.) Dunal with respect to safety and efficacy vis-a-vis leaf or root extract-based formulation.

(L.) Dunal, popularly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng, is well acclaimed for its health-enhancing effects, including its potent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-tumorigenic properties. The prime biological effectors of these attributes are a diverse group of ergostane-based steroidal lactones termed withanolides.

A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Investigation to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Patented Seed Extract "Fenfuro®" in Type 2 Diabetics.

Background: (Fenugreek) is an extensively researched phytotherapeutic for the management of Type 2 diabetes without any associated side effects. The major anti-diabetic bioactive constituents present in the plant are furostanolic saponins, which are more abundantly available in the seed of the plant. However, the bioavailability of these components depends on the method of extraction and hence formulation of the phytotherapeutic constitutes a critical step for its success.

The Days Add Up: Daily Marital Discord and Depressive Reactivity Linked to Past-Month Depressed Mood and Marital Risk across 10 Years.

Marital discord fuels depression, according to decades of research. Most prior studies in this area have focused on macro-longitudinal change in depression over the course of years, and on global ratings of marital satisfaction. Less work has examined fluctuations in depressed mood and marital discord in daily life, and none has investigated associations of short-term patterns with longer-term depressed mood and marital outcomes.

Combining forces for causal reasoning: Children's predictions about physical interactions.

Reasoning about causal relations is essential for children's early cognitive development. The current study investigated 4-year-olds' (N = 58) reasoning about complex causal physical interactions in terms of predicting the endpoint of motion. In an online task, children were presented with four configurations that involved different interactions of forces and consequently different patterns of motion.

Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use have distinct associations with COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences: An exploratory Bayesian network analysis across two timepoints.

Background: Substance use trends during the COVID-19 pandemic have been extensively documented. However, relatively less is known about the associations between pandemic-related experiences and substance use.

Method: In July 2020 and January 2021, a broad U.

Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Protective Role of Natural Bioactive Components.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a serious problem throughout the world. There are several causes of neurodegenerative diseases; these include genetic predisposition, accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity. Oxidative stress increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that advance lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation.

Platelet parameters as biomarker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight neonates in the first two weeks of life.

Background: The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is attributed to the arrested lung development in premature infants. Studies showed the negative impact of inflammatory markers on the developing lung with higher levels of IL1, 6 and 8. Platelets contribute to the acute phase response of inflammation and are a direct source of IL-1β.

The effect of a multi-component behavior change technique intervention on physical activity among individuals on primary prevention statin therapy: A dose-finding trial protocol.

Background: Statin therapy is a mainstay of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but research shows that statin therapy alone is insufficient for preventing incident CVD and mortality. Combining statin medication with increased physical activity (PA) can lower mortality risk more than either statin or PA alone. However, PA levels often remain the same and may even decline following statin prescription.

Pupillometric evidence for a temporal expectations-based account of persistence under temporal uncertainty.

People often quit waiting for delayed rewards when the exact timing of those rewards is uncertain. This behavior often has been attributed to self-control failure. Another possibility is that quitting is the result of a rational decision-making process in the face of uncertainty, based on the decision-maker's expectations about the possible arrival times of the awaited reward.

Dyadic Links Between Health Changes and Well-Being: The Role of Non-Spousal Confidants.

Although the marital relationship is often the primary source of emotional support in adulthood, sole reliance on the spouse to discuss health-related issues may be harmful to the well-being of both partners. The first aim of this study was to examine whether declines in health during later life would be associated with poorer psychological well-being in self and partner. We further investigated whether declining health would have a stronger impact on own and partner psychological well-being in the absence of non-spousal health confidants.

Efficacy and moderators of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Background: Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is frequently used to treat depression, but it is unclear which patients might benefit specifically. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses can provide more precise effect estimates than conventional meta-analyses and identify patient-level moderators. This IPD meta-analysis examined the efficacy and moderators of STPP for depression compared to control conditions.

Implementation of a routine outcome monitoring and feedback system for psychotherapy in Argentina: A pilot study.

Introduction: Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) has emerged as a strong candidate to improve psychotherapy processes and outcome. However, its use and implementation are greatly understudied in Latin-America. Therefore, the aim of the present pilot study conducted in Argentina was to implement a ROM and feedback system grounded on a psychometrically sound instrument to measure session by session outcome in psychotherapy.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in a 16-month COVID-19 pandemic period.

COVID-19 pandemic presents an unheralded opportunity to better understand trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across a prolonged period of social disruption and stress. We tracked PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed individuals in the United States and sought to identify population-based variability in PTSD symptom trajectories and understand what, if any, early pandemic experiences predicted membership in one trajectory versus others. As part of a longitudinal study of U.

The impact of COVID-19 perceived threat and restrictive measures on mental health in Italy, Spain, New York, and Hong Kong: An international multisite study.

In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy, Spain, New York, and Hong Kong stood out for the ir high rates of infections. Given this scenario, a web-based international multisite and cross-sectional study was conducted between April and May 2020 to investigate the psychological impact of the pandemic and the restrictions imposed by the governments in these countries. We expected similar patterns in European countries, and no significant differences in terms of psychological impairment between Hong Kong (with a previous experience related to SARS, but subjected to restrictions for a longer time) and the other areas.