Frozen (capsulitis) of shoulder Treated by LED Red light: A case report.

Shoulder capsulitis is a painful condition in which movement of the shoulder becomes limited. Objective: The aim, based on study of a single case, was to evaluate subjective and objective short-term effects of radiation of the shoulder joint using LED red light (630nm, 37.5 Jcm over 500s) in a case of chronic shoulder capsulitis.

Initial assessment of framework for delivery of elective orthopaedic surgery in the United Kingdom following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, a framework for safe provision of elective orthopaedic surgery must be developed in order to restore and maintain activity. The aim of this study was to explore patient attitudes to surgery and theatre efficiency as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and assess a potential framework for the delivery of such services.

Methods: Prospectively collected data on theatre timings and procedures completed per session used to assess theatre efficiency comparing June 2019 to June 2020.

X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Background & Aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease.

Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals).

A Surgical View of Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology: A Review.

Clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has existed for over 30 years, and its scientific basis has been known and investigated for well over 100 years. The scientific foundation of PDT is solid and its application to cancer treatment for many common neoplastic lesions has been the subject of a huge number of clinical trials and observational studies. Yet its acceptance by many clinicians has suffered from its absence from the undergraduate and/or postgraduate education curricula of surgeons, physicians, and oncologists.

Can photodynamic therapy be the preferred treatment option for anal intraepithelial neoplasia? Initial results of a pilot study.

Anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a pre-malignant condition, which over time may progress to invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma. There is no standard treatment for AIN, but one of the therapeutic options available is photodynamic therapy (PDT). There are very few published studies of the efficacy of PDT, but it has been shown to produce downgrading of high-grade dysplasia in the anal region.

A method for video-assisted thoracoscopic photodynamic therapy (VAT-PDT).

A technique is described for application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to peripheral pulmonary and other intrathoracic malignant tumours. For video-assisted thoracoscopic-PDT we advocate the use of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope through an appropriately placed port. This, together with the standard thoracoscope and attached monitor can provide three-dimensional visualisation of the intrathoracic lesion and more importantly allow the accurate delivery of laser light to the tumour.

Initial experience of the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recurrent malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the vulva.

Objectives: To assess the suitability and effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment and symptom relief of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), other pre-malignant and early neoplastic conditions of the vulva in an out patient setting.

Methods: Patients were selected from the vulvoscopy clinic whilst being investigated or under long-term follow-up. PDT was offered to patients in whom other treatments had failed or were unsuitable.

Photodiagnosis and fluorescence imaging in clinical practice.

For cancer diagnosis clinicians rely upon histo pathological preparations in their broadest sense and the characteristic microscopic features which represent malignant changes. Standard method of in-vivo sampling (biopsy) uses white light indicating abnormal tissue. The manner in which light interacts with a specific tissue type is dictated by the wavelength dependent scattering and absorbtion properties.

The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inoperable oesophageal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the role of PDT in palliation of patients with inoperable oesophageal cancer and to identify subgroups in which this role is of particular significance.

Methods: Sixty-five patients (37 male, 28 female) aged 42-89 (mean 65.6) with advanced and inoperable oesophageal cancer were the subjects of this study.

Treatment of endotracheal or endobronchial obstruction by non-small cell lung cancer: lack of patients in an MRC randomized trial leaves key questions unanswered. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party.

Symptoms of endotracheal or endobronchial obstruction caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be relieved with external beam radiotherapy (XRT) or endobronchial treatment. The comparative roles of these two methods need to be established. Patients with predominantly intraluminal obstruction of the trachea, a main bronchus or a lobar bronchus by unresectable NSCLC were randomized to XRT versus the clinician's choice of endobronchial treatment with brachytherapy, laser resection or cryotherapy, according to local availability and practice.

The place of bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy in advanced unresectable lung cancer: experience of 100 cases.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for symptom palliation in patients with inoperable lung cancer; (2) to determine survival benefit in a subset of patients.

Methods: One hundred patients, 68 male, 32 female, aged 44-81 years (mean 62.5) with advanced inoperable bronchogenic cancer and endobronchial luminal obstruction were prospectively studied.

Endoscopic laser therapy in malignant tracheobronchial obstruction using sequential Nd YAG laser and photodynamic therapy.

Background: Because the survival after treatment of advanced inoperable endo-tracheobronchial carcinoma is so poor, a pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the combined cumulative effect on survival of neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd YAG) laser followed by photodynamic treatment used endoscopically.

Methods: Seventeen patients who presented between January 1992 and March 1996 with inoperable tracheobronchial lesions causing more than 50% endoluminal obstruction were selected to enter the pilot study. Initially they had bronchoscopic Nd YAG laser treatment to debulk the tumour, and this was followed six weeks later by photodynamic therapy to treat the residual tumour.