Pharmacokinetic variability of beta-adrenergic blocking agents used in cardiology.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic variability of beta-adrenergic blocking agents used in cardiology by reviewing single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies from the literature. PubMed was searched for pharmacokinetic studies of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, both single-dose and steady-state studies. The studies included reported maximum plasma concentration (C) and/or area under the concentration curve (AUC).

Investigation of SNP rs2060546 Immediately Upstream to in a Danish Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Cohort.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. GTS is a complex disorder, with environmental factors and several genes involved. Although variations within a few genes such as , and have been tentatively associated with GTS (in a small number of patients), the causative genes underlying GTS pathophysiology remain unknown.

The putative P-gp inhibitor telmisartan does not affect the transcellular permeability and cellular uptake of the calcium channel antagonist verapamil in the P-glycoprotein expressing cell line MDCK II MDR1.

Verapamil is used in high doses for the treatment of cluster headache. Verapamil has been described as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) substrate. We wished to evaluate in vitro whether co administration of a P-gp inhibitor with verapamil could be a feasible strategy for increasing CNS uptake of verapamil.

What efficacy measures are clinically relevant and should be used in Cochrane Reviews of acute migraine trials? A viewpoint.

Background: Cochrane Reviews are methodologically of high quality but the clinical relevance of analysed efficacy measures (EMs) should also be assessed.

Methods: The clinical relevance of EMs used in one systematic Cochrane review of oral zolmitriptan for migraine headache was evaluated.

Results: The following EMs were used: pain free at two hours (30%), headache relief at two hours (60%), sustained pain free for 24 hours (19%) and sustained headache relief for 24 hours (39%).

Morbidity in early Parkinson's disease and prior to diagnosis.

Background: Nonmotor symptoms are probably present prior to, early on, and following, a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Nonmotor symptoms may hold important information about the progression of Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To evaluated the total early and prediagnostic morbidities in the 3 years before a hospital contact leading to a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Glycopyrrolate does not influence the visual or motor-induced increase in regional cerebral perfusion.

Acetylcholine may contribute to the increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during cerebral activation since glycopyrrolate, a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine, abolishes the exercise-induced increase in middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity. We tested the hypothesis that cholinergic vasodilatation is important for the increase in rCBF during cerebral activation. The subjects were 11 young healthy males at an age of 24 ± 3 years (mean ± SD).