Choice of resuscitation fluids in critically ill adults: key messages from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 clinical practice guideline.

The 2024 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine clinical practice guideline provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations on intravenous fluid in critically ill adults across a range of common conditions. These guidelines aim to improve the practices of fluid therapy by adopting a global perspective that considers both clinical efficacy and resource utilization in diverse healthcare settings. The guidelines address three key questions: (1) albumin versus crystalloids, (2) balanced crystalloids versus isotonic saline, and (3) small-volume hypertonic solutions versus isotonic crystalloids.

Review of Challenges in Performing Real-World Evidence Studies for Nonprescription Products.

In recent years, regulatory authorities have signaled a willingness to consider real-world evidence (RWE) data to support applications for new claims and indications for pharmaceuticals. Historically, RWE studies have been the domain of prescription drugs, driven by the fact that clinical data on patients are routinely captured in medical records, claims databases, registries, etc. However, RWE reports of nonprescription drugs and supplements are relatively sparse due to methodological gaps in this area.

Comparing the Efficacy of a Unique Advanced Bioengineered Type-I Collagen-Based Skin Substitute Versus an Amnion Graft With Standard of Care in the Treatment of Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The increased cost and morbidity associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) place a substantial strain on the entire global healthcare system. In this trial, 24 subjects with a chronic DFU, Wagner grade 1 (University of Texas grade 1A), were treated with Standard of Care (SOC) therapy and randomized, one-half to receive advanced high-purity Type-I collagen-based skin substitute (HPTC; manufactured by Encoll Corp., Fremont, CA, USA), and the other half to receive a dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) or viable cryopreserved human placental membrane (vCHPM).

A bibliometric and visualized analysis of heartland virus.

Background: Heartland virus (HRTV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus first detected in 2009. The purpose of this study was to utilize bibliometric analysis to assess the research trends, key foci, and progress of HRTV. This analysis aims to provide valuable references and insights for future basic research and prevention and control of HRTV to promote the progress and development of related fields.

Cellular senescence induced by down-regulation of correlates with exon skipping of mitochondrial-related gene .

As the most prevalent type of alternative splicing in animal cells, exon skipping plays an important role in expanding the diversity of transcriptome and proteome, thereby participating in the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes such as development, aging, and cancer. Cellular senescence serving as an anti-cancer mechanism could also contribute to individual aging. Although the dynamic changes of exon skipping during cellular senescence were revealed, its biological consequence and upstream regulator remain poorly understood.

Addressing Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry: Comparing the Use of Melatonin, Trazodone, and Doxepin.

Introduction Sleep disorders are prevalent among psychiatric patients, and pharmacological treatments such as melatonin, trazodone, and doxepin are commonly prescribed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of these three medications in improving sleep quality and reducing daytime drowsiness in psychiatric patients. Methodology A total of 175 psychiatric patients with sleep disturbances participated in this cohort study at the Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.

The gut microbiome and cross-reactivity of food allergens: current understanding, insights, and future directions.

This mini-review examines the emerging role of the gut microbiome in influencing food allergen cross-reactivity. It specifically focuses on how microbial diversity, antigens, and metabolites impact IgE-mediated allergic responses. Cross-reactivity occurs when structurally similar food and microbial antigens trigger hypersensitivities, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape.

Given the surge in mpox outbreaks in 2022 and the advancements in domestic and international vaccine research, the effectiveness of smallpox vaccines in providing cross-protection against mpox remains crucial. Having learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is significant to continue evaluating existing vaccines to ensure their safety and efficacy. Developing new vaccines for widespread use against mpox and its emerging strains also serves as a preventive strategy in the ongoing battle against this dynamic infection.

Ferroptosis in kidney disease: a bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2024.

Background And Aims: Ferroptosis, a novel concept of programmed cell death proposed in 2012, in kidney disease, has garnered significant attention based on evidence of abnormal iron deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in the kidney. Our study aim to examine the trends and future research directions in the field of ferroptosis in kidney disease, so as to further explore the target or treatment strategy for clinical treatment of kidney disease.

Material And Methods: A thorough survey using the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on literature published between 2012 and 2024 examining the interaction between kidney disease and ferroptosis was conducted.

Understanding trends in osteoporosis drug prescribing: implications for reducing futile biomedical research.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a significant geriatric condition, considering its impact on fracture-related morbidity and mortality, particularly among older women. The interplay of clinical evidence, diagnostic tools availability, and broader societal attitudes toward aging and treatment efficacy affect medical attitude and prescribing behaviors. Using the example of osteoporosis in France and England, the study aims to unravel the intricacies of medical decision-making in geriatric care, offering insights into the evolving landscape of healthcare policy and practice, which in turn can help reduce futile biomedical research.

Nanomedicine in Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Applications and Perspectives.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a strikingly high incidence rate globally. Although immunotherapy brings a great breakthrough in its clinical treatment of NSCLC, significant challenges still need to be overcome. The development of novel multi-functional nanomedicines in the realm of tumor immunotherapy offers promising opportunities for NSCLC patients, as nanomedicines exhibit significant advantages, including specific targeting of tumor cells, improved drug bioavailability, reduced systemic toxicity, and overcoming of immune resistance.

A descriptive analysis of nurses' self-reported mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international study.

Aim: To describe the self-reported mental health of nurses from 35 countries who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: There is little occupationally specific data about nurses' mental health worldwide. Studies have documented the impact on nurses' mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, but few have baseline referents.

Trends and contributors of complete continuum of maternal healthcare service utilization in Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analyses.

Background: Most maternal deaths are preventable by accessing essential maternity healthcare services. However, maternal mortality rates remain high in Ethiopia partly due to only a few women using a complete Continuum of Maternal Healthcare Services (CMHS). This study aims to assess trends and contributors for complete CMHS utilization in Ethiopia.

The multi-omics signatures of telomere length in childhood.

Background: Telomere length is an important indicator of biological age and a complex multi-factor trait. To date, the telomere interactome for comprehending the high-dimensional biological aspects linked to telomere regulation during childhood remains unexplored. Here we describe the multi-omics signatures associated with childhood telomere length.

Developing a clinical prediction model to modify empirical antibiotics for non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection in children under-five in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) frequently cause bloodstream infection in children under-five in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in malaria-endemic areas. Due to increasing drug resistance, NTS are often not covered by standard-of-care empirical antibiotics for severe febrile illness. We developed a clinical prediction model to orient the choice of empirical antibiotics (standard-of-care versus alternative antibiotics) for children admitted to hospital in settings with high proportions of drug-resistant NTS.

Assessment of the quality of life in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with KRAS gene mutant: a case-control study.

Background: The mutation of the KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) gene is a prevalent genetic alteration in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). According to previous research, this mutation significantly affects clinical outcomes and quality of life (QOL). This research investigated the association between KRAS mutant status and various aspects of QOL in mCRC patients.

Hybrid generative adversarial network based on frequency and spatial domain for histopathological image synthesis.

Background: Due to the complexity and cost of preparing histopathological slides, deep learning-based methods have been developed to generate high-quality histological images. However, existing approaches primarily focus on spatial domain information, neglecting the periodic information in the frequency domain and the complementary relationship between the two domains. In this paper, we proposed a generative adversarial network that employs a cross-attention mechanism to extract and fuse features across spatial and frequency domains.

Biosimilars: A Critical Review of Development, Regulatory Landscape, and Clinical Implications.

The biopharmaceutical industry has witnessed significant growth in the development and approval of biosimilars. These biosimilars aim to provide cost-effective alternatives to expensive originator biosimilars, alleviating financial pressures within healthcare. The manufacturing of biosimilars is a highly complex process that involves several stages, each of which must meet strict regulatory standards to ensure that the final product is highly similar to the reference biologic.

Codeveloping a community-based, peer-led psychosocial support intervention to reduce stigma and depression among people with tuberculosis and their households in Indonesia: a mixed-methods participatory action study.

Evidence relating to peer support and community-based psychological and social (psychosocial) interventions to reduce stigma and depression among people with tuberculosis (TB) and their households is limited. This study aimed to engage with multisectoral stakeholders in Indonesia to co-develop a peer-led, community-based psychosocial intervention that is replicable, acceptable, and sustainable. We used a participatory action design and engaged key national, multisectoral stakeholders to ensure that the intervention co-design was relevant and appropriate to the TB health system and the sociocultural context of Indonesia.

Splicing accuracy varies across human introns, tissues, age and disease.

Alternative splicing impacts most multi-exonic human genes. Inaccuracies during this process may have an important role in ageing and disease. Here, we investigate splicing accuracy using RNA-sequencing data from >14k control samples and 40 human body sites, focusing on split reads partially mapping to known transcripts in annotation.

Evidence-Based Surgical Guidelines for Treating Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, there is considerable variation in surgical management practices worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Methods: The CPG development involved assembling a multidisciplinary group, prioritizing 10 key topic areas, conducting evidence searches, and synthesizing findings.

Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and future projections for hip fractures in Zimbabwe.

Introduction: Population ageing in Africa is increasing healthcare demands. Hip fractures require multidisciplinary care and are considered an indicator condition for age-related health services. We aimed to estimate current hip fracture incidence in Zimbabwe, compare rates against other regional estimates and estimate future fracture numbers.

Strengthening advanced therapy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from sickle cell disease centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Despite progress in healthcare services for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa, substantial gaps remain in advanced treatments for SCD. To help address this burden, Tanzania has established one of the largest single-centre SCD programmes in the world and developed an advanced therapy programme for SCD focused on patient engagement and advocacy, clinical activities involving exchange blood transfusion (ExBT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), gene therapy (GT) preparedness, and enabling partnerships. This report describes the programme's genesis, structure and progress achieved.

Emergence of a novel group B streptococcus CC61 clade associated with human infections in southern China.

Objectives: Emerging human pathogens of animal origin have become an increasing public health concern in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of group B streptococcus (GBS) clonal complex (CC) 61 strains in the southern Chinese population and analyze their genetic characteristics.

Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 693 clinical isolates of GBS collected from southern China between 2016 and 2021, and the prevalence of human CC61 isolates was investigated by genomic epidemiology.

Artificial intelligence-enabled obesity prediction: A systematic review of cohort data analysis.

Background: Obesity, now the fifth leading global cause of death, has seen a dramatic rise in prevalence over the last forty years. It significantly increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Early identification of obesity risk allows for preventative actions against obesity-related factors.