Prevalence and determinants of nasal carriage of penicillin non-susceptible : a cross-sectional household survey in northern Vietnam.

Background: Beta-lactams remain the first-line treatment of infections despite the increasing global prevalence of penicillin-resistant/non-susceptible strains. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey in a rural community in northern Vietnam in 2018-2019 to provide prevalence estimates of penicillin non-susceptible (PNSP) carriage and to investigate behavioural and environmental factors associated with PNSP colonization. The data presented will inform the design of a large trial of population-based interventions targeting inappropriate antibiotic use.

Real-World Experience of Clascoterone Cream 1% in Acne Management: Case Series and Canadian Experience.

Acne vulgaris is a globally prevalent dermatological condition associated with substantial physical and psychological burden. Although acne typically presents during adolescence, it is a chronic condition that also affects many adults. Despite the spectrum of treatments available for acne, limitations in tolerability and safety concerns can present challenges for the use of conventional medications in clinical practice.

Developing and validating a machine learning model to predict multidrug-resistant -related septic shock.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) infections pose a significant global healthcare challenge, particularly due to the high mortality risk associated with septic shock. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based model to predict the risk of MDR-KP-associated septic shock, enabling early risk stratification and targeted interventions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,385 patients with MDR-KP infections admitted between January 2019 and June 2024.

Comparative efficacy and safety of different recommended doses of telitacicept in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Telitacicept, a new biological agent, was approved in China for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 2021. Its optimal dosing for treating SLE remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various telitacicept doses in SLE treatment.

Preparation and application of a multiepitope fusion protein based on bioinformatics and Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomics technology.

Introduction: Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that poses a considerable challenge to global public health. Existing diagnostic methods for this condition, such as serological assays and bacterial culture, encounter difficulties due to their limited specificity and high operational complexity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of enhanced diagnostic approaches for brucellosis.

Lyme disease associated neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Lyme disease, caused by , presents major health challenges worldwide, leading to serious neurological and musculoskeletal issues that impact patients' lives and healthcare systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence and link between Lyme disease and these complications, aiming to enhance clinical and public health approaches.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up until April 01, 2024, to find studies reporting the prevalence and severity of neurological and musculoskeletal complications associated with Lyme disease.

How do we measure the costs, benefits, and harms of sharing data from biomedical studies? A protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: The benefits of sharing participant-level data, including clinical or epidemiological data, genomic data, high-dimensional imaging data, or human-derived samples, from biomedical studies have been widely touted and may be taken for granted. As investments in data sharing and reuse efforts continue to grow, understanding the cost and positive and negative effects of data sharing for research participants, the general public, individual researchers, research and development, clinical practice, and public health is of growing importance. In this scoping review, we will identify and summarize existing evidence on the positive and negative impacts and costs of data sharing and how they are measured.

Lightweight Retinal Layer Segmentation With Global Reasoning.

Automatic retinal layer segmentation with medical images, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, serves as an important tool for diagnosing ophthalmic diseases. However, it is challenging to achieve accurate segmentation due to low contrast and blood flow noises presented in the images. In addition, the algorithm should be light-weight to be deployed for practical clinical applications.

The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic, Weight, and Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Backgrounds And Aims: Type 2 diabetes and its complications are assumed to be major public health problems globally. Zinc is one of the elements that play a part in insulin secretion and signaling. Therefore, this study seeks the answer to the following question: "What are the effects of 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation on the weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes?".

"Enhancing equitable impact: ethical, legal, and sustainable approaches in short-term surgical outreach for global child health".

Global health prioritizes improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. It encompasses a wide range of efforts, including disease prevention and treatment, health promotion, healthcare delivery, and addressing health disparities across borders. Short-term medical and surgical missions often contribute to the global health landscape, especially in low and lower-middle income countries.

Contemporary clinical perspectives on chronic low back pain: The biology, mechanics, etc. underpinning clinical and radiological evaluation.

Background: Pain of a chronic nature remains the foremost concern in tertiary spine clinics, yet its elusive nature and quantification challenges persist. Despite extensive research and education on low back pain (LBP), the realm of diagnostic practices lacks a unified approach. Clinically, LBP exhibits a multifaceted character, encompassing conventional assessments of severity and disability, alongside nuanced attributes like pain characterization, duration, and patient expectations.

Optimizing oral 3-hydroxybutyrate dosage using pharmacokinetic model to improve cognitive function and mood in healthy subjects.

Introduction: The brain uses ketones, mainly 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), as an alternative energy source. Therefore, oral intake of 3-HB may help maintain brain health. Previous studies indicated that achieving a maximum concentration (C) of 3-HB in plasma at 0.

An integrative review on the risk factors, prevention, and control strategies for carbapenem-resistant colonization in critically ill patients.

The presence of carbapenem-resistant (CR) has become one of the leading causes of life-threatening, hospital-acquired infections globally, especially with a notable prevalence in intensive care units (ICUs). The cross-transmission of microorganisms between patients and the hospital setting is crucial in the development of CR colonization and subsequent infections. Recent studies indicate that colonization typically precedes infection, suggesting the effectiveness and necessity of preventing CR colonization as a primary method to lower infection risks.

Large-scale genetic characterization of Parkinson's disease in the African and African admixed populations.

Elucidating the genetic contributions to Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology across diverse ancestries is a critical priority for the development of targeted therapies in a global context. We conducted the largest sequencing characterization of potentially disease-causing, protein-altering and splicing mutations in 710 cases and 11,827 controls from genetically predicted African or African admixed ancestries. We explored copy number variants (CNVs) and runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in prioritized early onset and familial cases.

Genomic analysis of the main epidemiological lineages of in Mexico.

has emerged as a critical global health threat due to its exceptional survival skills in adverse environment and its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance, presenting significant challenges for infection treatment and control. The World Health Organization has classified carbapenem-resistant as a "Critical Priority" pathogen to guide research and the development of control and prevention strategies. Epidemiological surveillance methodologies provide the tools necessary for classifying into international clonal lineages, facilitating the analysis of molecular characteristics, global dissemination, and evolution.

Characterization of jamun () juice fortified with nanoemulsified vitamin D: and assessment of its nutraceutical value and anti-diabetic potential.

This study aimed to fortify Jamun () juice with vitamin D to address vitamin D deficiency and boost health. A nanoemulsion of vitamin D was fabricated using a low-temperature (4-20C) sonication method and incorporated into the juice. The vitamin D fortified jamun juice (VDFJJ) exhibited a total polyphenol content of 14.

Integrating the GRACE Score with the Ceramide Risk Score Enhances the Predictive Accuracy of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Ceramide, a key molecule in sphingolipid metabolism, is recognized as a standalone predictor of long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We explore if integrating the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score with the ceramide risk score (ceramide test 1, CERT1) improves MACE prediction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: This cohort study included 210 participants with ACS undergoing PCI.

Evaluation of Emerging Antimicrobials Resistance in Nosocomial Infections Caused by : The Comparison Results of Observed Cases and Compartmental Model.

In recent years, the global rise of antibiotic-resistant () has become a significant threat to public health. This study aimed to identify and track outbreaks of antibiotic resistance, specifically among the antibiotics used to treat nosocomial infections. This hospital-based study utilized data from a nosocomial infection surveillance system to investigate reported cases of antibiotic resistance.

In silico approaches for developing sesquiterpene derivatives as antagonists of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) for nicotine addiction treatment.

Cinnamomum, a genus within the Lauraceae family, has gained global recognition due to its wide-ranging utility. Extensive research has been dedicated to exploring its phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects. Notably, the uniqueness of Cinnamomum lies in its terpenoid content, characterized by distinctive structures and significant biological implications.

Optimizing Premenopausal Hormone Receptor-Positive Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Early Breast Cancer Management in India: Insights From Expert Consensus.

This research aims to optimize adjuvant ovarian function suppression (OFS) for premenopausal Indian women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) /human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer (eBC). To address specific challenges identified in clinical practice, a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 21 statements was developed. These statements were reviewed and validated by a scientific committee, ensuring their accuracy and relevance to the study's objectives.

Trachoma in Sudan: Risk Factors and Clinical Stages in Patients From Two Eye Care Hospitals, 2015.

Background Trachoma is a leading infectious cause of blindness globally. While it has largely been eliminated in developed countries, it remains endemic in many developing regions. This study aimed to examine the clinical stages of trachoma and identify common sociodemographic and household characteristics associated with the disease among patients in Sudan.

Left Ventricular Non-Compaction, Atrial Fibrillation and Mutation in a Young Athlete.

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare primary cardiomyopathy with genetic etiology, resulting from an abnormality of myocardial development during embryogenesis. It carries an elevated risk of left ventricular dysfunction, thromboembolic events and malignant arrhythmias. We report the case of LVNC associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ankyrin 2 () mutation at the genetic test.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes has become a global pandemic, posing a sustained threat to human health, primarily due to its associated complications. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a prevalent cardiac complication among patients with diabetes. Since most patients are asymptomatic and lack relevant biomarkers, LVDD has not attracted significant attention from clinicians.

Artificial intelligence-powered innovations in periodontal diagnosis: a new era in dental healthcare.

Background: The aging population is increasingly affected by periodontal disease, a condition often overlooked due to its asymptomatic nature. Despite its silent onset, periodontitis is linked to various systemic conditions, contributing to severe complications and a reduced quality of life. With over a billion people globally affected, periodontal diseases present a significant public health challenge.