Availability, Usage, and Preferences of Estradiol and Progestogen Preparations for Puberty Induction from a Multicentral Perspective.

Introduction: Natural oestrogen administration as oral or transdermal 17β-estradiol is recommended for pubertal induction in girls with hypogonadism. However, suitable low-dose formulations are not consistently available globally. This questionnaire study aimed to identify the current availability of oestrogen and progesterone preparations worldwide.

Turner syndrome transition clinic in the West of Scotland: a perspective.

Introduction: Turner Syndrome (TS) is the commonest chromosomal abnormality in females. Establishing and maintaining long-term follow-up after transition to adult endocrine services, to allow for essential lifelong surveillance of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and optimal hormone replacement, remains a challenge. A TS transition clinic was established with the aim of supporting successful transfer and establishing long-term follow-up in adult endocrine services.

Predictive factors of catch-up growth in term, small for gestational age infants: a two-year prospective observational study in Algeria.

Objectives: Most small for gestational age (SGA) infants show catch-up growth but the minority who do not may benefit from growth-promoting treatment. We determined the prevalence of, and risk factors for, failure to show catch-up growth in term SGA infants.

Methods: Prospective observational study of infants born at 37-42 weeks gestation between December 2012 and March 2014 with birth weight <10th percentile.

Key Stages in the Development and Establishment of Paediatric Endocrinology: A Template for Future Progress.

Background: Paediatric endocrinology became recognised in Western European countries in the 1960s and 1970s. It is now a thriving paediatric sub-speciality in many countries but remains non-existent or in its infancy in others. We have had the privilege to work in Western centres of excellence, and this review outlines the key stages in the development of modern centres, discussing the human and organisational issues that have underpinned progress in the establishment of this paediatric sub-speciality.

Ten-Year Experience of a Global and Freely Accessible e-Learning Website for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes.

The European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) interactive website, https://www.espe-elearning.org, was first published online in 2012.

Precocious Pseudo-puberty in a Two-year-old Girl, Presenting with Bilateral Ovarian Enlargement and Progressing to Unilateral Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumour.

Ovarian causes of precocious pseudo-puberty (PPP) include McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and juvenile granulosa cell tumour (JGCT). We describe a case of PPP in which bilateral ovarian enlargement with multiple cysts progressed to unilateral JGCT. A girl aged 2.

Prevalence of hypopituitarism and quality of life in survivors of post-traumatic brain injury.

Background: Hypopituitarism is a recognized sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen the quality of life (QoL) in survivors.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and determine their correlation with QoL.

Methods: Survivors of moderate to severe TBI were recruited from two Algerian centres.

Optimal Pubertal Induction in Girls with Turner Syndrome Using Either Oral or Transdermal Estradiol: A Proposed Modern Strategy.

Background: Most girls with Turner syndrome (TS) require pubertal induction with estrogen, followed by long term replacement. However, no adequately powered prospective studies comparing transdermal with oral 17β-estradiol administration exist. This reflects the difficulty of securing funding to study a rare condition with relatively low morbidity/mortality when competing against conditions such as cancer and vascular disease.

Predicted Benign and Synonymous Variants in Cause Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Through Missplicing.

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can present with nonspecific features and can be difficult to diagnose. We undertook next generation sequencing in a cohort of children and young adults with PAI of unknown etiology from around the world and identified a heterozygous missense variant (rs6161, c.940G>A, p.

Cortisol evaluation during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury-A prospective study.

Background: Biochemical diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is difficult in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Aim: To assess the frequency and predictive factors of AI in victims of TBI from Algiers.

Methods: Between November 2009 and December 2013, TBI victims had a single 8-9 am serum cortisol measurement during the acute postinjury period (0-7 days).

Long-term outcome of thyrotoxicosis in childhood and adolescence in the west of Scotland: the case for long-term antithyroid treatment and the importance of initial counselling.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is both rarer and more severe in children than in adults, rendering management difficult and often unsatisfactory.

Objective: To ascertain outcome in a geographically defined area of Scotland between 1989 and 2014.

Method: Retrospective case note review with follow-up questionnaire to family doctors for patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Measured parental height in Turner syndrome-a valuable but underused diagnostic tool.

Unlabelled: Early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) is necessary to facilitate appropriate management, including growth promotion. Not all girls with TS have overt short stature, and comparison with parental height (Ht) is needed for appropriate evaluation. We examined both the prevalence and diagnostic sensitivity of measured parental Ht in a dedicated TS clinic between 1989 and 2013.

Trends in Scottish newborn screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism 1980-2014: strategies for reducing age at notification after initial and repeat sampling.

Objectives: To determine ages at first capillary sampling and notification and age at notification after second sampling in Scottish newborns referred with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Subjects And Methods: Referrals between 1980 and 2014 inclusive were grouped into seven 5-year blocks and analysed according to agreed standards.

Results: Of 2 116 132 newborn infants screened, 919 were referred with capillary TSH elevation ≥8 mU/L of whom 624 had definite (606) or probable (18) congenital hypothyroidism.

Screening for hypothyroidism in Down syndrome using the capillary thyroid stimulating hormone method.

Objectives: To analyze data from the Scottish capillary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening program for hypothyroidism in Down syndrome to identify a threshold for capillary TSH elevation below which low venous free thyroxine (fT4) (<9 pmol/L) and/or frank venous TSH elevation (>10 mU/L) range is unlikely.

Study Design: Review of proformas prospectively submitted on all children with Down syndrome referred via the screening program between 2003 and 2013.

Results: Ninety-nine patients with Down syndrome (50 females, 49 males) were identified, 76 school-age (≥ 5 years) and 23 preschool (<5 years), mean (range) age at referral 9.

European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology consensus guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital hypothyroidism.

Objective: The aim was to formulate practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of congenital hypothyroidism (CH).

Evidence: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify key articles relating to the screening, diagnosis, and management of CH. The evidence-based guidelines were developed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, describing both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.