Upper airway tract complications of endotracheal intubation.

The gold standard in airway maintenance is translaryngeal endotracheal intubation, but this is not without its complications. Trauma to the upper airway as a result of the act of endotracheal intubation is a common event in adults undergoing procedures under general anaesthesia. Sites requiring attention during intubation include the laryngeal apparatus, the pharynx and oral cavity as well as the nasal cavity when nasopharyngeal intubation is performed.

The novel use of a nasal bridle system to remove a foreign body in the ear.

Foreign bodies in the ear are a common presentation that prompt referral to Otolaryngology. We describe a technique that is safe and simple to perform for the removal of metallic foreign bodies in the ear. Case report of an elderly gentleman presenting with otalgia and a hearing aid battery lodged within bony external ear canal.

Prevertebral neck abscess with : a case presentation and literature review.

We describe an unusual case of a 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) developing sepsis secondary to a prevertebral neck abscess. Following cross-sectional imaging, the patient underwent surgical drainage. was isolated from urine, blood and pus cultures.

Benefits of pre-labyrinthectomy intratympanic gentamicin: contralateral vestibular responses.

Objective: To determine the impact of pre-operative intratympanic gentamicin injection on the recovery of patients undergoing translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannomas.

Methods: This prospective, case-control pilot study included eight patients undergoing surgical labyrinthectomy, divided into two groups: four patients who received pre-operative intratympanic gentamicin and four patients who did not. The post-operative six-canal video head impulse test responses and length of in-patient stay were assessed.

Comparison of Lymphocyte Count, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Severity and the Clinical Outcomes of Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients.

Background: To compare the prediction values of lymphocyte counts, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the severity and the clinical outcomes of acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with ACI were enrolled in this study. Data were gathered from medical records of patients who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine.

Septoplasty with or without concurrent turbinate surgery versus non-surgical management for nasal obstruction in adults with a deviated septum: a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Septoplasty (surgical correction of the deviated nasal septum) is the most frequently performed ear, nose, and throat operation in adults, but no randomised controlled trials or non-randomised comparative studies on the effectiveness of septoplasty have been published. Consequently, health-care providers, health insurance companies, and policy makers are concerned about the effectiveness of the procedure. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of septoplasty for nasal obstruction in adults with a deviated septum.

Joint effects of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on the risk of head and neck cancer: A bivariate spline model approach.

Objectives: This study aimed at re-evaluating the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between the combined (or joint) effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We explored this issue considering bivariate spline models, where smoking intensity and duration were treated as interacting continuous exposures.

Materials And Methods: We pooled individual-level data from 33 case-control studies (18,260 HNC cases and 29,844 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium.

Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Intratympanic Gentamicin Versus Labyrinthectomy: Inner Ear Sensitivity to Gentamicin and Impact on the Contralateral Labyrinth.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of labyrinthectomy and intratympanic (IT) gentamicin injections on the contralateral labyrinth, we also assessed the response of each individual semicircular canal to each IT gentamicin application.

Methods: We performed a pilot observational study on tertiary, referral, academic settings. Thirteen patients with unilateral vestibular pathology were organized into two groups, group I (seven patients) receiving IT gentamicin and group II undergoing labyrinthectomy (six patients).

International Collaborative Assessment of the Validity of the EAONO-JOS Cholesteatoma Staging System.

Objective: Assessment of validity of the Japanese Otological Society and the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO-JOS) cholesteatoma staging system (EJS) through international collaboration to investigate: (a) feasibility of retrospectively staging previously acquired data, (b) strengths and weaknesses of the staging system.

Method: Nine centers with prospective cholesteatoma databases were recruited. Cases were allocated to EJS Stage at each center using details from time of initial surgery.

Not 'just' a foreign body in the ear canal.

Foreign bodies are commonly seen by the Ear, Nose and Throat emergency team with cotton wool being the most common aural foreign body seen in the adult population. Most complications secondary to aural foreign bodies described in the literature are minor and rarely require any surgical intervention. Here, we present two cases with impacted cotton wool as aural foreign bodies which resulted in suppurative labyrinthitis and osteomyelitis causing profound sensorineural hearing.

Estimation of protein requirements in Indian pregnant women using a whole-body potassium counter.

Background: The 2007 World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) recommendation for the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of additional protein during pregnancy for a gestational weight gain (GWG) of 12 kg (recalculated from a GWG of 13.8 kg) is 6.7 and 21.

Stapes Surgery for Profound Hearing Loss Secondary to Otosclerosis.

The objective of this study is to evaluate stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis and "profound" hearing loss. This means they meet hearing threshold criteria for cochlear implantation (CI). We performed a retrospective study and patient questionnaire.

Contrecoup Extradural Hematoma Without Fracture: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Extradural hemorrhages are commonly seen in coup head injuries, rarely seen in contrecoup head injuries. Acute extradural hemorrhage in the coup head injuries associated with a fracture is common, but the incidence of acute contrecoup extradural hemorrhage not associated with the fracture is extremely rare. Only 21 cases have been reported previously.

Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation: General Applicability in a Teaching Unit.

Background:: Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL) is the intervention of choice for refractory epistaxis in specialist ear, nose and throat (ENT)units and should be within the repertoire of competencies for all ENT trainees. Following its recent incorporation within the United Kingdom competency-based training syllabus as an explicit outcome standard, the ESPAL is not uncommonly being delivered by trainees under appropriate supervision. We assessed the efficacy and outcome of ESPAL in epistaxis management within our teaching hospitals.

Annual hearing screening in girls with Turner Syndrome: Results from the first three years in Glasgow.

Background: Hearing loss is prevalent in girls with Turner Syndrome (TS). A number of cross-sectional studies have confirmed that conductive hearing loss due to middle ear disease and permanent, progressive sensorineural hearing loss are both very common and often unrecognised in TS. Hearing screening has been suggested by many authors and is recommended in some recent national audiology guidelines (every 3-5 years in an international consensus statement, every 1-2 years in the USA and every year in the UK).

Otological surgery in paediatric photosensitive patients.

There are a wide range of genetic and auto-immune conditions where UV light exposure poses a threat of UV irradiation to the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane and surrounding skin. Preoperative Ultraviolet Light (UV) measurements were taken in the operating theatre with standard operating microscope and an approved UV light meter prior to surgery on a patient with xeroderma pigmentosa. UV light meter readings of UV index 75 were taken at an operating distance of 290mm.

Surgical Approach for Hypoplastic Mirror Circumflex Aortic Arch.

Surgical approach for the mirror-form of circumflex aortic arch with a long-segment hypoplasia is described. Instead of "uncrossing" the arch, posterior aortic translocation of the aorta is required for the mirror-form. These surgical strategies addressed all the associated patho-mechanisms: (1) relief of vascular ring, (2) removal of posterior arch compression on the trachea, and (3) correction of any arch obstruction.

Morbidity Audit of 704 Traumatic Brain Injury Cases in a Dedicated South Indian Trauma Center.

Background: In the era of evidence-based health care, protocol of intervention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases help decide more easily and safely about patients and prevent unnecessary transfer of patients to other centers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide protocol-based intervention and evaluate the epidemiological, clinical characteristics of TBI cases.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 704 patients who were suspected of TBI at the Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, followed by protocol-based intervention assessed and reassessed repeatedly.

A Modified Translaryngeal Tracheostomy Technique in the Neurointensive Care Unit. Rationale and Single-center Experience on 199 Acute Brain-damaged Patients.

Background: Brain-injured patients frequently require tracheostomy, but no technique has been shown to be the gold standard for these patients. We developed and introduced into standard clinical practice an innovative bedside translaryngeal tracheostomy (TLT) technique aided by suspension laryngoscopy (modified TLT). During this procedure, the endotracheal tube is left in place until the airway is secured with the new tracheostomy.

Pyogenic brain abscess and subdural empyema: presentation, management, and factors predicting outcome.

Purpose: To describe the presentation and management of bacterial brain abscess and subdural empyema in adults treated at two tertiary centers. In addition, to identify factors that may predict a poor clinical outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from clinical records was performed, followed by multivariate regression analysis of patient and treatment-related factors.