Dental trauma: assessment and acute management of fractures.

Acute dental trauma is unscheduled and presents infrequently to the majority of practitioners. Therefore, a consistent, logical and systematic process for examination, prioritisation and management is imperative for all sustained injuries to have an optimal outcome. Fractures are a frequent sequela to dental trauma and can involve any aspect of the tooth structure or supporting alveolar bone.

Prevention of Dental trauma.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur commonly in children and young adults with one in three adults having experience of a TDI to their permanent dentition. Although the management of TDIs have evolved vastly, the consequences of TDIs can still be profound and generally carry a high burden for the patient, family, or carer, as well as the clinician and healthcare services. Hence, prevention of TDIs where possible is key.

Smoke and mirrors - does smoking cause discolouration of composite restorations?

Data Sources: Searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published until 28th March 2022.

Study Selection: In vitro studies assessing colour stability of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS), tobacco heating systems (THS) or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were considered. Included studies used a spectrophotometer or colorimeter for assessment of discolouration and measured discolouration using CIELAB or CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas.

The genetic basis of hypodontia in dental development.

Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans, characterised by the developmental absence of one or more teeth. It can present as an isolated condition (non-syndromic hypodontia) or associated with a syndrome (syndromic hypodontia). This paper aims to review the genetic basis of hypodontia with reference to aetiology, classification and the subsequent clinical features.

Restorative dentistry clinical decision-making for hypodontia: peg and missing lateral incisor teeth.

Peg-shaped and missing lateral incisor teeth are common features for patients affected by hypodontia. While improvements in dental appearance may be a strong motivating factor for these patients, providing dental treatment to improve the clinical condition and achieve an acceptable and stable outcome can be complex and lengthy.For patients affected by hypodontia, discussion and consideration of various approaches to their individual treatment are best achieved in a multidisciplinary team environment.

The orthodontic management of patients with cleft lip and palate: from the permanent dentition and the adult returning to the service.

This is the second of two papers outlining the orthodontic management of patients with cleft lip and palate. The first paper reviewed orthodontic input into children with cleft lip and palate from birth to the late mixed dentition before definitive orthodontics. In this second paper, I will discuss tooth management across the grafted cleft site and its impact on the bone graft itself.

The orthodontic management of patients with cleft lip and palate: from birth to the late mixed dentition.

This is the first of two papers outlining the orthodontic management of patients with cleft lip and palate. This paper will review orthodontic input into children with cleft lip and palate from birth to the late mixed dentition before definitive orthodontics. It will emphasise the importance of timing in alveolar bone grafting, the role of the general dental practitioner and the impact of timing on definitive orthodontic outcome.

Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis.

A few studies indicate that nitrate can reduce dysbiosis from a periodontitis point of view. However, these experiments were performed on samples from healthy individuals, and it is unknown if nitrate will be effective in periodontal patients, where the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria is clearly reduced. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nitrate and a nitrate-reducing R.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Development of a core outcome set for oral lichen planus: a consensus study.

Objective: A core outcome set (COS) is the minimum agreed-on data set required to be measured in interventional trials. To date, there is no COS for oral lichen planus (OLP). This study describes the final consensus project that brought together the results of the previous stages of the project to develop the COS for OLP.

Apical periodontitis and autoimmune diseases-should we be screening patients prior to therapy?

Design: A single-centre retrospective case-control study from 2012-2020 comparing the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in patients with autoimmune disorders (AD) against a control group of those without. The different medication groups commonly used for treatment of AD were included for comparison.

Case/control Selection: This study utilised patients' electronic records.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Development of a core outcome set for oral lichen planus: the patient perspective.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and investigate what treatment-related outcomes are the most important to them and should be included in a core outcome set (COS) for OLP.

Study Design: A qualitative study involving focus group work with 10 participants was conducted. Interviews with each focus group were held twice: session 1 explored the lived experience of patients with OLP, and session 2 allowed patients to review a summary of the outcome domains used in the OLP literature to date.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Development of a core outcome set for oral lichen planus: a systematic review of outcome domains.

Objective: There is a lack of consensus regarding clinician- and patient-reported oral lichen planus (OLP) outcomes. The World Workshop on Oral Medicine Outcomes Initiative for the Direction of Research (WONDER) Project aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for OLP, which would inform the design of clinical trials and, importantly, facilitate meta-analysis, leading to the establishment of more robust evidence for the management of this condition and hence improved patient care.

Study Design: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.

Exploiting Real-Time Genomic Surveillance Data To Assess 4CMenB Meningococcal Vaccine Performance in Scotland, 2015 to 2022.

The United Kingdom implemented the first national infant immunization schedule for the meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero) in September 2015, targeting serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Bexsero contains four variable subcapsular proteins, and postimplementation IMD surveillance was necessary, as nonhomologous protein variants can evade Bexsero-elicited protection. We investigated postimplementation IMD cases reported in Scotland from 1 September 2015 to 30 June 2022.

Clinical factors to consider in definitive treatment planning for patients with tooth wear.

Diagnosis, disease control and prevention are the precursors to successful definitive restorative treatment of pathological tooth wear. This case series illustrates how proposed key clinical features can influence treatment complexity and provide the clinician with a logical sequence of treatment options for definitive management of tooth wear.

Whiplash-associated temporomandibular disorders: a review article.

Data from the literature on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) amplification or exacerbation in whiplash injuries is quite discordant. Substantial controversy exists regarding the incidence, prevalence, proposed mechanism of injury, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of TMDs due to whiplash.This article describes this controversy and presents findings from contemporary literature.

Pulp fiction or pulp fact-does orthodontics damage pulpal tissue?

Data Sources: Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Embase were systematically searched and restricted to articles published between February 2009 and 2022.

Study Selection: Studies were categorized using the modified method by the Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 20 studies were included, one of which was categorized as high quality (Grade A) and 19 of which were of moderate quality (Grade B).

Adaptation to Virtual Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Case Presentation Examination.

Background: Case presentation assessment is common in both medicine and dentistry and is known under various names depending on the country and institution. It relates mainly to aspects of diagnosis and treatment planning and is considered highly authentic and useful. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the movement of this assessment from face-to-face to online.

Increased demand for orthodontic treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary.

Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon healthcare sectors generally, and what this continues to mean in particular for the practice of dentistry, there is evidence of an unanticipated upsurge in the demand for orthodontic treatment. This was observed in the UK and internationally as a manifestation of the so-called 'Zoom boom', in which video conferencing from home on various platforms suddenly exponentiated. As a result, it seems people became more self-conscious when viewing their appearance on-screen.

Periodontal instrumentation technique: an exploratory analysis of clinical outcomes and financial aspects.

Objective This exploratory post hoc analysis sought to investigate clinical outcomes comparing non-surgical treatment for periodontal disease using exclusively hand instruments, exclusively ultrasonic instruments or a combination approach. Differences in time efficiency and equipment use with each treatment method were evaluated.Methods In total, 55 patients with periodontitis were treated across two studies (randomised controlled trial and cohort study) with non-surgical periodontal therapy using hand instruments (HI), ultrasonic instruments (UI) or a combination approach (CI).

Does the use of cooled saline irrigation during third molar surgery affect post-operative morbidity?

Design This study is a double-blind, single-centre, split-mouth, prospective randomised control trial. In total, 48 patients had bilateral third molars removed during two separate operations at least 21 days apart by the same maxillofacial surgeon. During the control operation, the tooth was irrigated with saline at 25°C.