Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan as retrograde smear layer removing agents.

Background: The smear layer acts as a physical barrier against penetration of root canal medicaments and sealers, thus compromising the seal leading to microleakage.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.2% chitosan solution, and 0.

Lockdown of colleges and universities due to COVID-19: Any impact on the educational system in India?

Pneumonia triggered by novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 is an extremely contagious disease. The WHO has stated the outbreak of COVID-19 (corona virus) as a pandemic issue. Corona virus cases started increasing day by day in India, also from the time the first case was diagnosed on January 30, 2020.

A novel approach in the management of mandibular degree II furcation defects using bone grafts in conjunction with a biomimetic agent: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Aim: Of the periodontal defects requiring regeneration, degree II furcation defects pose a substantial challenge to clinicians. This study was designed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of bone autograft (BA) and autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as against decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) along with autologous PRF in the management of degree II mandibular furcation defects.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients (11 men and 3 women; mean age: 42.

A Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Dental Age Estimation Methods in India: A Test of Ethnic Variability.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the applicability of Demirjian, Willems, and Haavikko methods of dental age estimation in southeastern (Dravidian ethnicity) and northwestern regions (Aryan ethnicity) of the Indian population.

Materials And Methods: The study includes the orthopantomographs (OPGs) of 303 individuals (173 males and 130 females) of age ranging from 5 to 14 years. The participants in the present research were evaluated under two study groups: group I: participants of the southeastern region and group II: participants of the northwestern region.

Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation of Composite Resin to Discolored Dentin After Amalgam Removal.

Background To obtain prolonged clinical success with composite restorations, better bonding of resin to the tooth substrate is crucial. Aim The study was aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of bulk-fill composite resin restorations when bonded to a cavity previously restored with amalgam, comparing with that of freshly prepared dentin. Materials and method Mesio-occlusal cavity preparations were done on 80 extracted human mandibular molars with a buccolingual width of 4 mm and a 1.

Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Introduction: Heat shock proteins are biomarkers regulating the degree of differention and aggressiveness in oral carcinogenesis. The study was carried out to evaluate the expression of HSP 70 in histological grades of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry.

Methodology: A sample of 40, which included 10 (Normal), 15 (epithelial dysplasia) and 15 (oral squamous cell carcinoma) were selected.

Evaluating the fracture resistance of fiber reinforced composite restorations - An analysis.

Background: Laboratory reports show that fiber-reinforced composites have improved fracture resistance over traditional composites. However, limitations in the biomechanics of tests to evaluate the fracture resistance of fiber-reinforced composites need to be considered for accurate clinical applications.

Aim: To assess the fracture resistance of particulate filler composites, glass fiber-reinforced composites, and polyethylene-fiber reinforced composites by analyzing the different fracture types and failure patterns.

A Comparative Study of Shear Bond Strength of Direct Bonding System with and without a Liquid Primer: An Study.

Background: A primer in dental bonding agents enhances the bond between the adhesive and the tooth by way of deriding the tooth surface of moisture and creating a hydrophobic surface for the adhesive to bond and by facilitating the flow of the adhesive into the etched tooth surface. In the orthodontic context, however, there have been debatable results in the published literature as to how significantly the use of primer affects the bond strength between the bracket and the tooth surface.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of two commercially available direct bonding systems with and without using liquid primer and to record their adhesive remnant index scores.

Effect of Surface Pretreatment and Thermal Activation of Silane Coupling Agent on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Resin Cement.

Introduction: For the restoration of grossly decayed root canal treated teeth, posts are used frequently to retain core for the definitive restoration. Therefore, it is necessary to create adequate adhesion at the post-root-cement interface for long-term performance of a post retained restoration.

Aim: To establish the outcome of surface pretreatments such as silanization, sandblasting, and silanization followed by thermal activation of fiber posts on bonding with a dual-cured adhesive resin-based cement.

Human Papillomavirus Detection in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using p16 Immunohistochemistry.

Introduction: Oral cancer ranks third among all cancers in the Indian population with approximately 45% of call cancer cases in India being diagnosed as oral cancer, among which 20%-50% of the cases are observed to be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Aim: This study aims to detect and evaluate the presence of p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Materials And Methods: This study was based on samples collected from 21 patients with primary OPSCC who were diagnosed and treated during the period of December 2017-March 2018.

Evaluation of genotoxicity by micronucleus assay in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma with deleterious habits.

Background: Oral cancer is the 12 most common cancer in women and the 6 in men. Of all oral malignancies, more than 92-95% is Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The high risk was due to Lifestyle-related habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, chewing of areca nut related products which are considered as the major risk factors in OSCC.

Lymphoma in an extraction socket.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a lymphoproliferative malignancy that can involve both lymph node and lymphoid organs as well as extranodal organs and tissues. The aim of presenting this case of NHL is to highlight the suspicion of its occurrence in the region of unhealed extraction sockets and the significance of its awareness. NHL can be presented in various forms; therefore, a thorough knowledge regarding this malignancy is essential for arriving at the earliest possible diagnosis and therapy for the patient.

Effect of pretreatment medication on postendodontic pain: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Posttreatment endodontic pain has been reported in 25%-40% of all endodontic patients. Effective management of endodontic pain represents a continuing challenge.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of preoperative single dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, piroxicam (20 mg), with two types of corticosteroid drugs - dexamethasone (4 mg) or deflazacort (30 mg) - for the prevention and control of postendodontic pain.

Comparative evaluation of biodentine, 2% chlorhexidine with RMGIC and calcium hydroxide as indirect pulp capping materials in primary molars: An study.

Background: Indirect pulp therapy (IPT) is conventional treatment of deep dentinal carious lesions without risk of pulp exposure. Development of new biomaterials with biocompatibility and seal has changed the attitudes toward IPT.

Aim/objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success of biodentine, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and calcium hydroxide as indirect pulp-capping materials in primary molars over an observation period of 12 months.

Effect of intratooth location and thermomechanical cycling on microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill composite resin.

Context: The initial bond strength and potential durability of an adhesive restoration are significantly affected by regional variations in dentin composition.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of dentin location and thermomechanical cyclic loading on microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill composite resin to coronal dentin.

Materials And Methods: Disto-occlusal cavity preparations were done on 60 extracted human mandibular molars with pulpal floor depth of 1.

Comparison of the effect of monolithic and layered zirconia on natural teeth wear: An study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare wear of the natural teeth against monolithic zirconia and layered zirconia with different surface finishing procedures such as unpolished unglazed, polished unglazed, and polished glazed.

Materials And Methods: The two-bodied wear test was carried out in a custom-made oral wear simulator with a sample size of 60 zirconia specimen opposing natural teeth. Zirconia specimen was divided into two groups layered and monolithic which further subdivided into unpolished unglazed, polished unglazed, and polished glazed groups ( = 10).

Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of dentinal defects after root canal preparation with hyflex edm and vortex blue rotary systems.

Background: To evaluate the incidence of dentinal microcracks formation after root canal shaping procedures with HyFlex EDM and Vortex Blue rotary systems comparing with that of hand instrumentation using micro-computed tomography.

Material And Methods: Mandibular first molar teeth (n=60) having 50 to 200mesial root curvature were scanned using high resolution micro-CT imaging before root canal preparation to identify the presence of dentinal defects. Post-instrumentation cross-sectional images were taken and increased number and type of root defects were assessed and recorded.

Interfacial adaptation and penetration depth of bioceramic endodontic sealers.

Background: Sealers play an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The efficacy of root canal sealer is enhanced by its tubular penetration and adaptation properties.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the interfacial adaptation and penetration depth of Bioroot RCS and MTA Plus sealers to root dentin.

The Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: Ultrasound is extensively being used for imaging of temporomandibular joint as it is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasound in identifying TMJ with internal derangement and to access its usefulness as a diagnostic tool in patients with TMJ clicking.

Methods: A case-control study was done: 25 patients with a complaint of clicking sound while opening the jaw were randomly selected as the study group and 25 patients who were asymptomatic on TMJ examination were selected as the control group.

The "TROJAN HORSE" of a Dental Visit - Synovial Sarcoma.

The term "synovial sarcoma (SS)" is a histological error, a misnomer as it neither arises from nor differentiates toward synovium. Head and neck region is the most commonly affected region after extremities, representing 5% of all cases. This case report focuses to discuss a case of a SS that was diagnosed after an inadvertent root canal therapy.

Comparison of Marginal Periosteal Pedicle Graft and Bioactive Glass with Platelet-rich Fibrin and Bioactive Glass in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects - A Clinicoradiographic Study.

Introduction And Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare clinically and radiographically the regenerative potential of marginal periosteal pedicle graft (MPPG) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with a bioactive glass in the treatment of two- and three-wall intrabony defects.

Methods: A total of 28 sites (bilateral or contralateral infrabony defects) from 14 patient were treated with MPPG (Experimental site A) and the other site was treated with PRF (Experimental site B). The clinical parameters, such as full-mouth plaque index (PI) and site PI, were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months' postsurgery while sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession were recorded at baseline, 6, and 9 months.

Endodontic management of contralateral mandibular first molars with six root canals.

The knowledge of variations in root canal morphology is essential for a successful endodontic outcome. Contralateral mandibular molar with six root canals is a rare entity. Root canal treatment of mandibular molars with aberrant canal configuration can be diagnostically and technically challenging.

Replacement of a molar with two narrow-diameter dental implants.

Dental implants have demonstrated a high degree of success in the restorations of teeth in partially or completely edentulous patients. However, when the buccolingual width of the edentulous crest is insufficient for the placement of standard sized implants, the use of two or more smaller diameter implants should be considered to avoid the need for invasive reconstruction techniques such as grafting procedures. The present case report describes the replacement of a single mandibular first molar with two narrow-diameter implants, in a 41-year- old male patient.

Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma Arising Denovo with Distant Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (GCOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin accounting about 0.37% to 2.1% of all odontogenic tumours.

Microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill restorative composites to dentin.

Background: To facilitate the easier placement of direct resin composite in deeper cavities, bulk fill composites have been introduced. The Mechanical stability of fillings in stress bearing areas restored with bulk-fill resin composites is still open to question, since long term clinical studies are not available so far. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the microtensile bond strength of three bulk-fill restorative composites with a nanohybrid composite.