Impact of team experience on robot-assisted surgery for rectal cancer: A comparative study.

Introduction: The robotic surgical team in the operating room plays an important role in determining the outcome of a robotic approach. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of 2 hospitals with different levels of expertise in robot-assisted rectal cancer surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 195 patients who underwent robot-assisted rectal resection at 2 referral centers for the treatment of rectal cancer between March 2018 and December 2021.

Perioperative assessment of colorectal anastomoses with flexible endoscopy.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy has emerged as a vital tool for the purpose of assessing colorectal anastomoses: a procedure that can play a crucial role in reducing postoperative complications. The present technical note aims at describing a comprehensive strategy for the perioperative evaluation of colorectal anastomoses integrity. An endoscopic grading system is utilized to categorize findings, ensuring consistency and external validity.

Microviridae bacteriophages influence behavioural hallmarks of food addiction via tryptophan and tyrosine signalling pathways.

Food addiction contributes to the obesity pandemic, but the connection between how the gut microbiome is linked to food addiction remains largely unclear. Here we show that Microviridae bacteriophages, particularly Gokushovirus WZ-2015a, are associated with food addiction and obesity across multiple human cohorts. Further analyses reveal that food addiction and Gokushovirus are linked to serotonin and dopamine metabolism.

Global patterns of leukemia by subtype, age, and sex in 185 countries in 2022.

In 2022, leukemia ranked as the second most common hematological malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. However, updated global estimates of leukemia incidence by subtype are unavailable. We estimated leukemia incidences for different leukemia subtypes by country, world region, and human developmental index using data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases combined with the GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates of leukemia in 185 countries.

Neuregulin 4 Downregulation Alters Mitochondrial Morphology and Induces Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that belongs to the epidermal growth factor family and binds to ErbB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the downregulation of expression enhances inflammation and autophagy, resulting in insulin resistance. Here, we searched for the causes of this phenotype.

Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Two case reports to explore clinical heterogeneity and pathological patterns.

Introduction: These case reports illustrate Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (iCAA) due to neurosurgical procedures. Recent studies propose prion transmission during neurosurgery as a potential mechanism for β-amyloid seed implantation, linking neurosurgical history to the development of iCAA. The majority of reported cases in the literature have an unfavorable prognosis, with recurrence of intracerebral hemorrahge (ICH) and subsequent death during the first months of follow-up.

Aspergillus Serologic Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Bronchiectasis: Data From the European Bronchiectasis Registry.

Background: Aspergillus species cause diverse clinical manifestations in bronchiectasis including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), Aspergillus sensitization (AS), and raised IgG indicating exposure to or infection with Aspergillus.

Research Question: What are the prevalence and clinical significance of Aspergillus-associated conditions in individuals with bronchiectasis?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with bronchiectasis enrolled into the European Bronchiectasis Registry from 2015 through 2022 with laboratory testing for Aspergillus lung disease (total IgE, IgE specific to Aspergillus or Aspergillus skin test, or IgG specific to Aspergillus and blood eosinophil counts) were included for analysis. Modified International Society for Human and Anima Mycology ABPA working group criteria (2021) were used to define ABPA.

Metagenomic Study Reveals Phage-Bacterial Interactome Dynamics in Gut and Oral Microbiota in Pancreatic Diseases.

Individuals with pancreatic-related health conditions usually show lower diversity and different composition of bacterial and viral species between the gut and oral microbiomes compared to healthy individuals. We performed a thorough microbiome analysis, using deep shotgun sequencing of stool and saliva samples obtained from patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and healthy controls (HCs).We observed similar microbiota composition at the species level in both the gut and oral samples in PDAC patients compared to HCs, among which the most distinctive finding was that the abundance of oral-originated species did not differ between the oral and the gut samples.

Multiomic integration analysis identifies atherogenic metabolites mediating between novel immune genes and cardiovascular risk.

Background: Understanding genetic-metabolite associations has translational implications for informing cardiovascular risk assessment. Interrogating functional genetic variants enhances our understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development and optimization of targeted interventions.

Methods: In this study, a total of 187 plasma metabolite levels were profiled in 4974 individuals of European ancestry of the GCAT| Genomes for Life cohort.

Lung cancer survival trends and prognostic factors: A 26-year population-based study in Girona Province, Spain.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is Europe's primary cause of cancer-related mortality largely due to its historically low survival rates. The aim of this study was to analyze 26-year survival trends in the province of Girona, Spain, and to identify key prognostic factors.

Methods: Population-based study of LC cases collected between 1994 and 2019, with follow-up until December 31, 2021.

Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Results in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Tumors.

Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer (EC) is an inflamed phenotype with poor outcomes when meeting high-risk criteria and limited treatment options in the adjuvant setting. We report protocol-prespecified subgroup analysis of patients with dMMR tumors from the phase III ENGOT-en11/GOG-3053/KEYNOTE-B21 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04634877) in newly diagnosed, high-risk EC after surgery with curative intent.

Predictors of a positive birth experience in childbirth: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Recognizing predictors of positive birth experience is viewed as essential for minimizing negative experiences during childbirth that are related to current obstetric care, especially when those could be attributed to intrapartum interventions. The CEQ-E is a suitable instrument for investigating maternal birth experience within the Spanish population, highlighting the necessity to identify predictors for all its domains. This study aimed to identify predictors of positive birth experience based on socio-demographic and clinical variables, and obstetric interventions.

Multiomics of the intestine-liver-adipose axis in multiple studies unveils a consistent link of the gut microbiota and the antiviral response with systemic glucose metabolism.

Background: The microbiota is emerging as a key factor in the predisposition to insulin resistance and obesity.

Objective: To understand the interplay among gut microbiota and insulin sensitivity in multiple tissues.

Design: Integrative multiomics and multitissue approach across six studies, combining euglycaemic clamp measurements (used in four of the six studies) with other measurements of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose).

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a tumor-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint restricting T-cell immunity.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN)-catalyzed endogenous lipogenesis is a hallmark of cancer metabolism. However, whether FASN is an intrinsic mechanism of tumor cell defense against T cell immunity remains unexplored. To test this hypothesis, here we combined bioinformatic analysis of the FASN-related immune cell landscape, real-time assessment of cell-based immunotherapy efficacy in CRISPR/Cas9-based FASN gene knockout (FASN KO) cell models, and mathematical and mechanistic evaluation of FASN-driven immunoresistance.

Role of protein domains in trafficking and localization of the voltage-gated sodium channel β2 subunit.

The voltage-gated sodium (Na) channel is critical for cardiomyocyte function since it is responsible for action potential initiation and its propagation throughout the cell. It consists of a protein complex made of a pore forming α subunit and associated β subunits, which regulate α subunit function and subcellular localization. We previously showed the implication of N-linked glycosylation and S-acylation of β2 in its polarized trafficking.

Diet Impacts on Gene Expression in Healthy Colon Tissue: Insights from the BarcUVa-Seq Study.

(1) Introduction: The global rise of gastrointestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases, highlights the need to understand their causes. Diet is a common risk factor and a crucial regulator of gene expression, with alterations observed in both conditions. This study aims to elucidate the specific biological mechanisms through which diet influences the risk of bowel diseases.

Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Vascular Function in Subjects with and without Increased Insulin Resistance.

(1) The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the Mediterranean diet (MD) with vascular function in participants with and without increased insulin resistance (IR) in the Spanish population. A secondary aim was to study differences by gender. (2) Methods: Data were analyzed from 3401 subjects in the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies (mean age = 60 years and 57% men).

Decoding Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition initiated by the presence of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Underlying mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction, including impaired blood flow regulation, a pro-thrombotic state, inflammation, heightened oxidative stress, and altered vascular remodeling. These mechanisms contribute to vascular diseases stemming from PE, such as recurrent thromboembolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome, right heart failure, and cardiogenic shock.

SEOM-GETNE-TTCC Clinical guideline thyroid cancer (2023).

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents 3% of global cancer incidence. Recent changes have optimized treatment decisions based on risk assessment, molecular profiling, and imaging assessment, leading the development of targeted agents that have modified the natural history of this disease. This increasing complexity on treatment options requires careful assessment at the different stages of the disease to provide the most suitable approach from diagnosis to long-term follow-up.

Retirements of professional tennis players in ATP and WTA tour events.

Professional tennis competition at the highest levels requires high physical, technical, tactical, and mental demands. Player retirement is a scenario that often occurs at the highest echelons of the game. The objective of this study was to descriptively determine which factors influence retirement of matches in tennis.

ENGOT-en11/GOG-3053/KEYNOTE-B21: a randomised, double-blind, phase III study of pembrolizumab or placebo plus adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk endometrial cancer.

Background: Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy provides clinically meaningful benefit as first-line therapy for advanced (locoregional extension and residual disease after surgery)/metastatic/recurrent mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer, with greater magnitude of benefit in the dMMR phenotype. We evaluated the addition of pembrolizumab to adjuvant chemotherapy (with/without radiation therapy) among patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk endometrial cancer without any residual macroscopic disease following curative-intent surgery.

Methods: We included patients with histologically confirmed high-risk [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I/II of non-endometrioid histology or endometrioid histology with p53/TP53 abnormality, or stage III/IVA of any histology] endometrial cancer following surgery with curative intent and no evidence of disease postoperatively, with no prior radiotherapy or systemic therapy.