New synthetic strategies for acyclic and cyclic pyrimidinethione nucleosides and their analogues.

Pyrimidinethione nucleosides are effective compounds and have significant and pivotal effects in several fields. New synthetic strategies for many pyrimidinethione nucleosides including acyclic and cyclic derivatives have been reported.

Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma evaluation of novel acyclic pyridine thioglycosides.

A novel series of acyclic pyridine thioglycosides has been synthesized. Evaluation of the anti proliferative activity of these compounds against HEPG-2 cell lines (liver carcinoma cell lines) shows that most of the compounds have high anti-tumor activities especially 6b, 6c, 7b and 7c. Furthermore, in the modeling study, these compounds showed that they have high binding affinity with thymidylate synthase dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR).

Antimetabolites: Design, synthesis, and cytotoxic evaluation of novel dihydropyridine thioglycosides and pyridine thioglycosides.

A convenient synthesis of a novel series of dihydropyridine and pyridine thioglycosides was developed. The evaluation of anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 cell lines (liver carcinoma cell lines) shows that most of the compounds have antitumor activity, especially 5b, 5f, 5j, 5n, 7b, 7f, 7j, 7n, 8b, 8f, and 8j. The results of molecular docking reveal that these compounds have high binding affinity by hydrogen bond formation with the binding pocket of thymidylate synthase dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR).

Crystal structure of bis-(propane-1,3-diaminium) hexa-fluorido-aluminate di-aqua-tetra-fluorido-aluminate tetra-hydrate.

The title compound, (C3H12N2)2[AlF6][AlF4(H2O)2]·4H2O, was obtained by a solvothermal method in ethanol as solvent and with aluminium hydroxide, HF and 1,3-di-amino-propane as educts. The asymmetric unit contains a quarter each of two crystallographically independent propane-1,3-di-ammonium dicat-ions, [AlF6](3-) and [AlF4(H2O)2](-) anions and four water mol-ecules. The cations, anions and three of the independent water mol-ecules are situated on special positions mm, while the fourth water mol-ecule is disordered about a mirror plane.

Crystal structure of bis-(propane-1,3-di-ammonium) hexa-fluorido-aluminate fluoride trihydrate.

The title compound, (C3H10N2)2[AlF6]F·3H2O, was obtained using the solvothermal method with aluminium hydroxide, HF and propane-1,3-di-amine as precursors in ethanol as solvent. The structure consists of isolated [AlF6](3-) octa-hedra, diprotonated propane-1,3-di-amine cations [(H2dap)(2+)], free fluoride ions and water mol-ecules of solvation. The Al-F bond lengths in the octa-hedral [AlF6](3-) anions range from 1.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrimidinone and oxazinone derivatives fused with thiophene rings using 2-chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine as starting material.

A series of pyridines, pyrimidinones, oxazinones and their derivatives were synthesized as antimicrobial agents using citrazinic acid (2,6-dihydroxyisonicotinic acid) as a starting material. α,β-Unsaturated ketones 3a-c were condensed with cyanothio-acetamide in the presence of ammonium acetate to give 2-cyanopyridinethiones 4a-c, which were reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to yield the corresponding cyano esters 5a-c. The esters 5a-c were cyclized by action of sodium methoxide to aminoesters 6a-c, which were aminolyzed with ammonia to corresponding aminoamide derivatives 7a-c.

The effects of 4-nonylphenol contamination on livers of Tilapia fish (Oreochromus spilurs) in Jeddah.

Alkylphenol polyethoxylates is a group of estrogenic compounds. Natural or synthetic types of these compounds react with the endocrine system by binding hormone receptors, resulting in interference with their action, which is why they are called endocrine disrupting chemicals. Among their hydrolytic products are nonylphenols (NP), which are considered pollutants of aquatic environments.

Anti-coccidial effect of Commiphora molmol in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L.).

This study investigated the effect of oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora monlmol Engler (Family: Burceraceae) known as Myrrh and the commercial extract known as Mirazid as a treatment against hepatic coccidiosis induced by the parasite Eimeria stiedae in domestic rabbits. Rabbits were infected with 1000 parasite sporulated oocysts and subjected to two treatment regimens, using crude myrrh suspension and the oleo-resin extract, mirazid, each administered at 500 mg/kg rabbit body weight. Treatments of infected rabbits resulted in significant reduction of the mean oocyst numbers in rabbit faeces by 52.

Effect of water stress by Polyethylene Glycol 8000 and Sodium Chloride on germination of Ephedra alata Decne seeds.

Ephedra alata Decne is a perennial shrub and it is a very effective sand-binder. In Saudi Arabia, the species is associated with sand dunes formation, especially the mobile, non-saline and low moisture content ones. Its geographical distribution in Saudi Arabia includes the Northern, Eastern and Central regions.

Human infection with Bertiella studeri (Cestode: Anoplocephalidae) in an Egyptian worker returning back from Saudi Arabia.

Perhaps this is the first case of bertiellosis studeri record in Egyptian worker returning back from Saudi Arabia. The patient was resistant to Niclosamide but successfully treated with Commiphora molmol extract.

Gemcitabine impacts histological structure of mice testis and embryonic organs.

The present study aimed to investigate the toxic impact of gemcitabine on the histological structure of white mice testis and the histological structure of some embryonic organs. The mature male mice were treated with 130 mg kg(-1) of gemcitabine intraperitoneally. These treated males were placed after one week with mature normal females for fertilization.

2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as a redox titrant.

An oxidimetric titrant, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone in anhydrous acetic acid is used for the semimicro-determination of hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, isoniazid and iproniazid phosphate in pure forms as well as in some pharmaceutical preparations containing isoniazid and iproniazid phosphate. The end point was detected potentiometrically using a platinum-calomel combination electrode. The results obtained are compared statistically with those obtained by the official methods and they are in good agreement.

A novel technique for automatic shoeprint image retrieval.

Recent developments in forensic science have resulted in large numbers of scene of crime images being collected for recording and analysis. Shoeprint images are no exception. In fact, these have recently been of great interest to police and forensic scientists as footwear evidence is now treated in the same manner as fingerprint and DNA evidence.

An efficient synthesis and reactions of novel indolylpyridazinone derivatives with expected biological activity.

Reaction of 4-anthracen-9-yl-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (1) with indole gave the corresponding butanoic acid 2. Cyclocondensation of 2 with hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide gave the pyridazinone derivatives 3a-d. Reaction of 3a with POCl(3) for 30 min gave the chloropyridazine derivative 4a, which was used to prepare the corresponding carbohydrate hydrazone derivatives 5a-d.

Atomic absorption spectroscopic, conductometric and colorimetric methods for determination of some fluoroquinolone antibacterials using ammonium reineckate.

Three accurate, rapid and simple atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS), conductometric and colorimetric methods were developed for the determination of gatifloxacin (GTF), moxifloxacin (MXF) and sparfloxacin (SPF). The proposed methods depend upon the reaction of ammonium reineckate with the studied drugs to form stable precipitate of ion-pair complexes, which was dissolved in acetone. The pink coloured complexes were determined either by AAS or colorimetrically at lambda(max) 525 nm directly using the dissolved complex.

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of beta-blockers in dosage forms.

A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some beta-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured, ion-pair complexes peaking at 415 nm.

Differential electrolytic potentiometric determination of some amino acids in dosage forms.

The application of direct-current differential electrolytic potentiometry to the nonaqueous titration of amino acids was investigated. The basic character of amino acids in acetic acid was enhanced to permit their direct titration with perchloric acid. A pair of antimony electrodes was used as an indicating system.

Differential electrolytic potentiometric determination of some thiol compounds in their dosage forms.

The application of direct current differential electrolytic potentiometry to an aqueous titration of L-cysteine hydrochloride, captopril and D-penicillamine has been investigated. The basic character of thiol compounds in nitric acid is enhanced to permit their direct titrations with silver nitrate. A pair of silver amalgam electrodes was used as an indicating system.

Fluorimetric determination of some thiol compounds in their dosage forms.

A simple fluorimetric procedure was adopted for determination of three pharmaceutical compounds containing thiol groups namely, captopril, D-penicillamine and N-acetylcysteine. In this method, the drugs are treated with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid. The latter is reduced to 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid which has a maximum fluorescence intensity at 480/318 nm (lambdaEm/Ex).

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in dosage forms.

A simple kinetic procedure is described for the determination of atenolol in its dosage forms. The procedure is based on coupling the drug with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 8 borate buffer at the boiling temperature for a fixed time of 30 min, and then measuring the absorbance of the reaction product at 460 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is rectilinear over the range 5-50 microg/mL with a minimum detection limit of 1.

Spectrophotometric determination of diloxanide furoate in its dosage forms.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of diloxanide furoate in its dosage forms. The method is based on the reaction of the drug with potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce a bluish green coloured species measurable at 610 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range 2.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of some amino acids after derivatization with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde.

2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (HNA) was investigated as a derivatizing reagent for the fluorescence detection of histidine, methionine and tryptophan at 385 and 265 nm. The separation of HNA-derivatized amino acids on a conventional reversed-phase column was achieved in less than 40 min. This method was compared with the reported o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method.

Colorimetric determination of some amino acids containing a sulfur group.

A simple and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of some amino acids containing a sulfur group is described. The studied compounds are cysteine, cystine and methionine. The method is based on the formation of ferroin, from the reaction of the studied drugs with a mixture of iron(III) and 1,10-phenanthroline and measurement of the absorbance at 512 nm.