Canagliflozin Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth and Proliferation by Activating AMPK.

Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs affecting SGLT2. Recent studies have shown various cancers expressing SGLT2, and SGLT2 inhibitors attenuating tumor proliferation. We evaluated the antitumor activities of canagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on glioblastoma (GBM).

Predictive Value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) indicate nutritional status and host immunity. We used immunohistochemistry and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values calculated using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to investigate relationships of these factors with pathological and radiological characteristics in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Patients And Methods: We evaluated expression levels of VEGFA, CD8, CD33, and ADC values in tumors pre/post nCRT; and analyzed the relationships between those factors and PNI, NLR in 32 patients.

Localizing and Lateralizing Value of Seizure Onset Pattern on Surface EEG in FCD Type II.

Background: Surface ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring has an important role in the presurgical evaluation of patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). This study aimed to examine the characteristics of seizure onset pattern (SOP) on surface ictal EEG. This information will be useful for invasive monitoring planning.

Asymptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism diagnosed based on prolonged fever after gastric cancer surgery: A case report with literature review.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious postoperative complication with potentially fatal outcome. However, asymptomatic VTE is difficult to diagnose and is often discovered by chance. We report a case of suspected VTE diagnosed based on prolonged fever after surgery and discuss the literature.

Current management of giant-cell tumor of bone in the denosumab era.

Giant-cell tumor of bone is a rare, locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing primary bone tumor. The mainstay of treatment remains controversial and is decided by the balance between adequate surgical margin and sufficient adjacent joint function. Although curettage with a high-speed burr and local adjuvants can maintain normal joint function, many reports have revealed a high local recurrence rate.

Topological data analysis gives two folding paths in HP35(nle-nle), double mutant of villin headpiece subdomain.

The folding dynamics of proteins is a primary area of interest in protein science. We carried out topological data analysis (TDA) of the folding process of HP35(nle-nle), a double-mutant of the villin headpiece subdomain. Using persistent homology and non-negative matrix factorization, we reduced the dimension of protein structure and investigated the flow in the reduced space.

Effects of a combined treatment regimen consisting of Hsp90 inhibitor DS-2248 and radiation and in a tumor mouse model.

Background: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is responsible for the conformational maintenance of several client proteins that play important roles in DNA damage repair, apoptosis following radiation, and resistance to radiation therapy. DS-2248 (tricyclic pyrazolopyrimidine derivative) is a newly-developed, orally available inhibitor of HSP90 with low adverse effects. We investigated the combined effects of radiation and DS-2248 and .

Efficacy of oil combination with leaf and pericarps against canine demodicosis.

Background And Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as oil (YN oil), leaf (WC), and pericarps (MG) extracts.

A possible indicator for removal of a large foreign body from the esophagus via a cervical approach: a case report with literature review.

Foreign body intake in adults is more common among people with mental illness. Edentulous adults are at increased risk for foreign body ingestion, including of dentures. We experienced a patient who aspirated a large denture that we removed via a cervical surgical approach.

Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events of Montelukast: An Analysis of Real-World Datasets and drug-gene Interaction Network.

Montelukast is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that is widely used to treat bronchial asthma and nasal allergy. To clarify the association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs), we evaluated case reports recorded between January 2004 and December 2018 in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Furthermore, we elucidated the potential toxicological mechanisms of montelukast-associated neuropsychiatric AEs through functional enrichment analysis of human genes interacting with montelukast.

Subtotal esophagectomy followed by subtotal gastric reconstruction for Boerhaave's syndrome: Case report with literature review.

Introduction: Boerhaave's syndrome, or spontaneous esophageal rupture, is a potentially fatal disease requiring prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. We report Boerhaave's syndrome in a patient who underwent subtotal esophagectomy and temporary cervical esophagostomy for esophageal perforation to the right thoracic cavity, followed by subtotal gastric reconstruction as the second step.

Presentation Of Case: A 70-year-old man with diarrhea and vomiting as chief complaints had underlying disease of reflux esophagitis.

Spontaneous Regression of Multiple Pulmonary Metastasis of Sacral Chordoma: A Case Report.

Case: A 53-year-old man was referred to our institution for the treatment of sacral chordoma and underwent a wide resection. Multiple lung metastases were observed in both the lungs, a year after the surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. The patient refused treatment, and the lesions continued to increase in size gradually.

Different pharmacoresistance of focal epileptic spasms, generalized epileptic spasms, and generalized epileptic spasms combined with focal seizures.

Objective: Among standard treatments for infantile spasms, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is reported as the best treatment, but ACTH is ineffective in one-half of the patients. To establish precision medicine, we examined pharmacoresistance of focal epileptic spasms (ES), generalized ES, and generalized ES combined with focal seizures, diagnosed based on the revised seizure classification of ILAE in 2017.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective nationwide study in Japan on the long-term seizure outcome of ES.

The Japan Neurosurgical Database: Statistics Update 2018 and 2019.

Each year, the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) reports up-to-date statistics from the Japan Neurosurgical Database regarding case volume, patient demographics, and in-hospital outcomes of the overall cohort and neurosurgical subgroup according to the major classifications of main diagnosis. We hereby report patient demographics, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, purpose of admission, number of medical management, direct surgery, endovascular treatment, and radiosurgery of the patients based on the major classifications and/or main diagnosis registered in 2018 and 2019 in the overall cohort (523283 and 571143 patients, respectively) and neurosurgical subgroup (177184 and 191595 patients, respectively). The patient demographics, disease severity, proportion of purpose of admission (e.

Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Endothelial cells acquire different phenotypes to establish functional vascular networks. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling induces endothelial proliferation, migration, and survival to regulate vascular development, which leads to the construction of a vascular plexuses with a regular morphology. The spatiotemporal localization of angiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix play fundamental roles in ensuring the proper regulation of angiogenesis.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) produced by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and exported via ABCC1 is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) is produced by Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1) in the cell and is transported out of the cells by ABCC1 transporter. S1P induces inflammation, angiogenesis and modulates tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in autocrine and paracrine manner. We hypothesized that high S1P export is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and worse survival.

Postoperative complications after a transthoracic esophagectomy or a transhiatal gastrectomy in patients with esophagogastric junctional cancers: a prospective nationwide multicenter study.

Background: Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers are resected thorough esophagectomy or gastrectomy, with the incidence of postoperative complications influenced by the chosen procedure.

Methods: In this prospective nationwide multicenter study, patients with cT2-T4 EGJ cancers were enrolled before surgery. Based on the protocol, surgeons performed a transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) or a transhiatal gastrectomy (THG) and dissected all lymph nodes prespecified as the standardized procedure.

Three-day regimen of oseltamivir for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in hospital wards: a study protocol for a prospective, multi-center, single-arm trial.

Background: In a previous retrospective observational study, a 3-day regimen of oseltamivir as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing transmission of influenza in wards was shown to be comparable to 7- to 10-day regimens provided index cases were immediately separated from close contacts. In order to confirm the efficacy of a 3-day regimen, we started to conduct a prospective, multi-center, single-arm trial.

Methods: This study is a prospective, multi-center, single-arm study designed by the Sectional Meeting of Clinical Study, Japan Infection Prevention and Control Conference for National and Public University Hospitals.

[Paraurethral Leiomyoma in a Female Patient who Had Clinical Symptoms with Increase of Tumor Volume: A Case Report].

A 34-year-old woman underwent total hysterectomy for management of uterine leiomyoma. At the same time, a paraurethral tumor (2 cm in size) was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the patient was not treated for the tumor considering its small size.

Priorities, actions and risks in the COVID-19 pandemic: a flash SoMe survey among surgical oncologists.

Objectives: Corona virus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has globally affected the surgical treatment of cancer patients and has challenged the ethical principles of surgical oncologists around the world. Not only treatment but also diagnosis and follow-up have been disrupted.

Methods: An online survey was sent through Twitter and by the surgical societies worldwide.