PHARMACOKINETICS OF METRONIDAZOLE IN GREEN (), LOGGERHEAD (), AND KEMP'S RIDLEY () SEA TURTLES AFTER SINGLE ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS DOSES.

Currently there are few antibacterial dosage regimens established to be safe and effective for sea turtles. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of antibiotics is an essential step in establishing accurate dosage guidelines for a particular species. Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is effective against anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa.

Licochalcone a: A promising antiparasitic drug against giardiasis.

Giardiasis, caused by Giardia duodenalis, is a prevalent and significant zoonotic disease. While nitroimidazole drugs are primarily used to treat giardiasis, the urgent need for the development and formulation of new drugs has arisen due to increasing drug resistance. Several plant derived medicine have been employed as antiparasitic drugs.

A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Giardia duodenalis in Rabbits: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity and Possible Zoonotic Concerns.

Background: Giardia duodenalis is a pathogenic protozoan responsible for gastrointestinal infections in various hosts, including rabbits. Understanding its epidemiology, genetic diversity and zoonotic implications is vital for public health and veterinary medicine. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global data on the prevalence of G.

THE EFFECTS OF RAIN AND DROUGHT ON INCIDENCE OF ENTERIC DISEASE IN PENNSYLVANIA (2010 - 2019).

Background: Campylobacter, nontyphoidal Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia cause an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired waterborne diseases annually in the United States. Acute symptoms can include diarrhea and vomiting; however, these illnesses can result in longer term complications such as reactive arthritis, Guillan Barré syndrome and death, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Precipitation and drought can plausibly increase the risk of enteric infections, but consensus in the literature is lacking.

Molecular characterization and risk analysis of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in corticosteroid-treated and non-treated patients in Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an intestinal protozoan parasite of human and animal hosts. The present study investigated and compared the assemblages of G.

Child Abdominal Distension Due to a Massive Retroperitoneal Lymphangioma: A Cyto-Histopathological and Clinical Correlation.

Lymphangiomas are rare benign tumors that result from lymphatic vessel malformations and/or obstructions commonly on the neck and armpits, being rare in the retroperitoneal space. We report a case of a healthy 25-month-old male with a six-month history of abdominal distension and recurrent episodes of diarrhea who was clinically diagnosed with giardiasis. The complementary evaluation showed a cystic formation occupying the whole abdominal cavity and implanted at the abdominal retroactivity.

The Therapeutic Effects of Lycopene Against Experimental Giardiasis in Mice.

is a protozoan parasite that infects approximately one billion people worldwide. In this study, the effects of lycopene on experimental giardiasis in mice were investigated by evaluating cyst shedding rate, weight changes, duodenal antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration. Ninety-five male mice aged four to six weeks were divided into six groups of 15 and one group of 5 as the negative control.

Establishment and preliminary application of PCR-RFLP genotyping method for Giardia duodenalis in goats.

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan that parasitizes the small intestines of humans and various mammals, such as goats and sheep. The objective of this study was to establish a convenient, accurate, and specific method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping assemblages A, B and E of G.

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-Giardia activity of oseltamivir analogs.

We reported earlier that oseltamivir (Osm, Tamiflu®), an anti-viral agent, inhibits the attachment of trophozoites to intestinal epithelial cells and cyst production in culture. Osm also disassembles lipid rafts (LRs) and the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by Giardia. In the current study, we synthesized forty-one Osm analogs with the derivatization of oseltamivir phosphate.

Occurrence and assemblage distribution of Giardia Duodenalis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in southeastern Iran (2019-2022).

Background: The ubiquitous protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is a major contributor to the global burden of diarrhoea, particularly in young children living in poor-resource regions. Although rarely mortal, giardiasis is associated with growth retardation and cognitive impairment in early childhood. Here we investigate the epidemiology of human giardiasis in Iranshahr (south-eastern Iran), a region where this information was previously lacking.

Cytotoxic effects of ivermectin on : induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Introduction: is a flagellated protozoan parasite causing giardiasis, a common intestinal infection characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. Treatments employed to combat this parasitic infection have remained unchanged for the past 40 years, leading to the emergence of resistant strains and prompting the search for new therapeutic agents.

Methods: This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) on trophozoites.

Small Bowel Diverticulosis in an Elderly Patient Presenting With Obstruction and Intestinal Dysmotility: A Case Report.

Small bowel diverticulosis can occur anywhere in the small bowel but is most common in the duodenum. Jejunoileal diverticulosis is much less common and tends to have a more chronic, nonspecific disease course. In the literature, this condition has a higher incidence in men in their sixth and seventh decades of life.

End-point diagnostics of Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B by combining RPA with CRISPR/Cas12a from human fecal samples.

Background: Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric protozoan parasite that is categorized into eight assemblages (A-H). In particular, assemblages A and B are zoonotic, capable of infecting both humans and animals worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses and public health challenges in epidemic regions. Thus, the development of rapid, accurate and non-laboratory-based diagnostic methods for infected animals is crucial for the effective prevention and control of giardiasis.

The pathogenic responses elicited during exposure of human intestinal cell line with Giardia duodenalis excretory-secretory products and the potential attributed endocytosis mechanism.

Giardia duodenalis, an important zoonotic protozoan parasite, adheres to host intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via the ventral disc and causes giardiasis characterized mainly by diarrhea. To date, it remains elusive how excretory-secretory products (ESPs) of Giardia enter IECs and how the cells respond to the entry. Herein, we initially demonstrated that ESPs evoked IEC endocytosis in vitro.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in sheep from large-scale farms in Southern Xinjiang, China.

Giardia duodenalis is a significant zoonotic parasite. In this study, 767 fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from six large-scale sheep farms in Southern Xinjiang, China. Initially, G.