[150 years of Magnus Hirschfeld (14 May 1868-14 May 1935) and his influence on urology].

Modern sexology was introduced by the Berlin-based Magnus Hirschfeld, who was born 150 years ago. He revolutionized the physician-patient relationship by introducing new terms of sexual behavior. His theory of "sexual in-betweens" paved the way for new concepts in sexual therapy, including hormonal pills in urological practice.

[Carl Posner (1854-1928) : A founder of urology and sexology in Germany].

In this contribution we describe the life and work of the Berlin physician Carl Posner (1854-1928). We present his central role as a member of the founding generation of urology, andrology, and academic sexology in Germany. His clinical work, research and publication illustrate the central role these new disciplines played in the urological field.

[History of the anatomical and clinical autopsy].

The history of the autopsy is naturally also a part of the history of anatomy and pathology and spans over about 2300 years. The first documented autopsies were conducted in about 300 B.C.

[On the occasion of the 70th congress of the German Society of Urology : Examples of networks and think tanks at its founding in 1906/1907 and further developments].

The German Society of Urology was founded in 1906/1907 with a historical background starting in 1896 shortly after the death of Maximilian Nitze, the "inventor" of the cystoscope. This reflects the end of the first phase in the establishment of modern scientific urology as a specialty of its own within German-speaking countries (Imperial Germany, the Austria-Hungary Empire and Switzerland). Supported by German emigrants, the international orientation of German urology and networks was important during this time period.

[Dementia from a palliative care perspective: why a disease-specific advance care planning is necessary].

Dementia from a palliative care perspective: why a disease-specific advance care planning is necessary Abstract. Palliative Care has to transform profoundly in the context of population aging in many countries around the globe. It has to collaborate increasingly with geriatric medicine and incorporate geriatric expertise.

["We're going to place a ureteral stent …" : Development and use of the terms stent and splint by German-speaking urologists].

The use of eponyms has a long history in medicine. But it is a rare case that a term not associated with a procedure or an anatomical description has come into use. The terms "stent" and "splint" in German and English used as a verb and a noun are a typical example.

[Double standards : The Medical Student Kurt Gerstein and the History of Anatomical Body Procurement in Germany].

This article presents a hitherto unknown memorandum authored by Kurt Gerstein, the Confessing Church's resistance fighter and witness to the Holocaust. In this memorandum, submitted to the Reich Ministry of the Interior in April 1938, Gerstein deals extensively with the contemporary system of anatomical body procurement, its roots and predicaments. Putting the memorandum into the wider context of his discordant life allows a gap to be closed in Gerstein's biography, whereby his relationship with medicine presented a means of moral reorientation between a Christian requirement and the National Socialist reality.

[Advance care planning: A qualitative investigation on patients' perspectives with advanced heart failure].

Background: The Hospice and Palliative Care Act (2015) promotes advance care planning (ACP) for patients in nursing homes, but chronically ill patients living at home can also benefit from ACP.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of ACP consultations by patients with advanced heart failure.

Material And Methods: Patients (70 years and older) with advanced heart failure participated in two physician-led ACP consultations.

[Gallstones and "liver obstruction" in medical texts of antiquity].

Introduction: Gallstones are rarely mentioned in the medical texts of antiquity. The physician, Alexander of Tralles mentions-for the first time-stones in the gallbladder as a possible cause for obstructive jaundice. This designation is found in his textbook on medicine under the heading "obstruction of the liver".

["Why visit a medical congress?" : Knowledge transfer between Germany and Sweden using the example of the 1929 DGU meeting in Munich].

Drawing on contemporary publications in German and Swedish/Scandinavian journals and biographies as well as conference proceedings of the German Society of Urology (DGU), this paper examines the Swedish impressions of the 1929 DGU meeting in Munich. It focusses on why the Swedish delegates visited the congress and how they evaluated their congress experiences for their Scandinavian peers. Finally, the article shows to what extent a knowledge transfer from the DGU Congress to Sweden took place.

[Venereal diseases in a "general practice" in the 17th and early 18th centuries].

The diary of the town physician Johannes Franc (1649-1725), handwritten in Latin, gives-among other diseases-an overview of sexually transmitted infections affecting citizens in Ulm such as syphilis and gonorrhea. Franc reported on his own experiences in the diary and also included many theoretical details on the causes of the diseases and the corresponding therapies, including ethical considerations. Even in ancient times, there are indications of venereal diseases.

[Ethical perspectives on E‑health and health apps : Is all that is achievable desirable?].

The aim of technical innovation-and the standpoint from which to assess technology-must be to expand human spaces of action and improve social coexistence. Although many current developments have the potential for furthering this aim, they also imply the danger of being misused. The potential for misuse can be recognized and dealt with at an early stage if ethics is an integral part of technology development.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/080, October 2016).

Aims: The aim of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) was to provide consensus-based recommendations obtained by evaluating the relevant literature for the diagnostic treatment and management of women with fetal growth restriction.

Methods: This S2k guideline represents the structured consensus of a representative panel of experts with a range of different professional backgrounds commissioned by the Guideline Committee of the DGGG.

Recommendations: Recommendations for diagnostic treatment, management, counselling, prophylaxis and screening are presented.

[Provision of palliative care for people with advanced dementia].

As a result of a literature-based expert process, this review provides an overview about the principles of palliative care for people with advanced dementia that are relevant for clinical practice. In particular, the indications, impact and aims of palliative care for advanced dementia are described. Life-prolonging measures and management of symptoms at the end of life are discussed.

[Position Paper of The AG Digital Health DNVF on Digital Health Applications: Framework Conditions For Use in Health Care, Structural Development and Science].

The term "digital health" is currently the most comprehensive term that includes all information and communication technologies in healthcare, including e-health, mobile health, telemedicine, big data, health apps and others. Digital health can be seen as a good example of the use of the concept and methodology of health services research in the interaction between complex interventions and complex contexts. The position paper deals with 1) digital health as the subject of health services research; 2) digital health as a methodological and ethical challenge for health services research.

[Laudation at the presentation of the Salomon Neumann Medal 2017 to Prof. Dr. med. med. Bernt-Peter Robra, MPH].

The German Society for Social Medicine and Prevention (DGSMP) confers the Salomon Neumann Medal for outstanding merit in the field of Preventive and Social Medicine. The Salomon Neumann Medal 2017 was awarded to Bernt-Peter Robra, Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economics (ISMG) of the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. It honours an outstanding representative of social medicine, in whose person and Institute the essential problem areas of social medicine as well as the competencies of the 3 scientific bodies that gathered in Lübeck - epidemiology, medical sociology and social medicine - and the sociopolitical engagement of Salomon Neumann come together.

[Evaluation of a Proactive Health Programme for Insured Persons with Persistent Back Pain: One-year Follow-up of a Randomised Controlled Trial].

Background: To facilitate access to evidence-based care for persisting back pain, a private medical insurance developed a health programme and offered it proactively to their members. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of this procedure.

Methods: The design of the study was a Zelen randomized controlled trial.

[Sociology as a Major Factor for the Psychiatrie-Enquete in the Federal Republic of Germany - Results from Expert Interviews and Document Analyses].

Objective: This paper examines the influence of sociology as a discipline on the Psychiatrie-Enquete by analysing interviews with expert (psychiatrist, psychologist, sociologist etc.) witnesses of the Enquete process and by analysing pertinent documents.

Methods: 24 interviews were conducted and analysed using qualitative secondary analysis.

[Choosing Wisely - Klug Entscheiden: conceptual and ethical considerations].

Choosing Wisely and Klug Entscheiden (KE) are recent physician-triggered campaigns that aim at identifying and reducing blatant over-treatment as well as - a specialty of KE - occurring under-treatment. This paper provides some conceptual and normative analyses of these campaigns' goals and justifications.