Risk Factors for Limb Amputations in Modern Warfare Trauma: New Perspectives.

Background: In modern conflicts, extremities are mainly affected, with limb amputations required for approximately 5% of severely injured combatants and 7% of those with serious limb injuries. Amputations are some of the most challenging injuries endured by survivors, significantly affecting the patients and the healthcare system. This study aims to describe the rates, characteristics, and risk factors of limb amputations in patients with serious extremity trauma during the 2023 conflict in Israel.

Severe neonatal hypotonia due to variant affecting function of ZnT5 zinc transporter.

The tightly-regulated spatial and temporal distribution of zinc ion concentrations within cellular compartments is controlled by two groups of Zn transporters: the 14-member ZIP/SLC39 family, facilitating Zn influx into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space or intracellular organelles; and the 10-member ZnT/SLC30 family, mobilizing Zn in the opposite direction. Genetic aberrations in most zinc transporters cause human syndromes. Notably, previous studies demonstrated osteopenia and male-specific cardiac death in mice lacking the ZnT5/ zinc transporter, and suggested association of two homozygous frameshift variants with perinatal mortality in humans, due to hydrops fetalis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Persistence of Long COVID Symptoms Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: Millions of individuals worldwide continue to experience symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and phenotype of multi-system symptoms attributed to Long COVID-including fatigue, pain, cognitive-emotional disturbances, headache, cardiopulmonary issues, and alterations in taste and smell-that have persisted for at least two years after acute infection, which we define as "persistent Long COVID". Additionally, the study aimed to identify clinical features and blood biomarkers associated with persistent Long COVID symptoms.

A comparison between lipid-based vs. glycemic-based insulin sensitivity indices for the association with abnormal ECG findings and 20-year mortality among older adults.

Background: A direct comparison between glycemic-based and lipid-based insulin sensitivity indices (ISIs) for ECG findings and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is lacking.

Methods: 963 community-dwelling older adults, examined as part of the third phase of the Glucose intolerance, Obesity, and Hypertension study between 1999 and 2008, were followed until December 2016 and December 2019 for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, respectively. Eleven different ISIs were calculated and evaluated against ECG findings, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality with multivariable regression models.

Characteristics and survival of hospitalized combat casualties during two major conflicts between Israel and Hamas: 2023 versus 2014.

Background: In the complex landscape of modern warfare, understanding combat-related injuries leading to hospitalization is crucial for optimizing injury treatment. This study aims to compare combat casualty characteristics and outcomes during the major conflicts between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014 as a basis for understanding the effectiveness of trauma care practices for wounded soldiers.

Methods: A cohort study of soldiers hospitalized due to combat injuries during two major wars between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014, using data from the Israeli National Trauma Registry.

The cost of saving lives: Complications arising from prehospital tourniquet application.

Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Tourniquets (TQs) are commonly used to control bleeding in the prehospital setting, although their application is associated with risks. Therefore, this study aimed to identify complications arising from TQ use and to examine contributing risk factors.

Assessing the Agreement Between Diffusion Tension Imaging (DTI) and T2-Weighted MRI Sequence for Biometry of the Fetal Corpus Callosum.

Background/objectives: Little is known about the advantages of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) when evaluating the fetal corpus callosum (CC), a sensitive indicator for normal brain development. This study evaluates the contribution of DTI compared to T2-weighted imaging to assess fetal CC biometry.

Methods: Data from the fetal MRI exams of singleton pregnancies between July 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Early crystalloid resuscitation in Trauma: How much is too much? Insights from a National Trauma Registry.

Background: Crystalloid administration during early resuscitation of bleeding trauma patients is recommended by current guidelines, yet evidence supporting this practice is limited. We aimed to evaluate the trends in the utilization of crystalloids during the last decade and to determine the threshold crystalloid volume independently associated with mortality risk in trauma patients at risk of or experiencing shock.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using data from the Israel National Trauma Registry (January 2013 to December 2022) was conducted.

Overweight and obesity among Israeli adolescents and the risk for serious morbidity in early young adulthood: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: Morbidities related to obesity are usually associated with its severity and duration. Yet, the onset of serious morbidities in early adulthood among otherwise healthy adolescents with obesity is understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between adolescent BMI and serious morbidities before age 25 years.

Analysis of Burn Casualties in the Swords of Iron War.

The Swords of Iron (SOI) War is an armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, which has been taking place in Gaza from October 2023 until the present time of writing this article. This war is characterized by urban close contact combat. The combat equipment, weaponry, and protective measures employed, differ markedly from those in previously documented major conflicts, significantly impacting the types of injuries sustained by soldiers.

Adolescent Blood Pressure and Early Age Stroke.

Background: Underdiagnosis of relevant risk factors has contributed to the increasing stroke incidence in young adults. Blood pressure cut-off values for adolescents are neither sex specific nor based on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study included all Israeli adolescents 16-19 years of age who were medically evaluated before compulsory military service from 1985 to 2013, including routine blood pressure measurements.

The genetic landscape of Lynch syndrome in the Israeli population.

Deciphering the spectrum and founder disease-causing variants (DCVs) in specific populations can shape and facilitate the diagnostic process of Lynch Syndrome (LS). The aim of this report was to comprehensively update on the genetic landscape of LS in the ethnically diverse Israeli-Jewish population. The cohort included 1080 carriers from 588 families; some from underrepresented, understudied Israeli ethnic groups recruited from 8 genetic institutes and high-risk clinics throughout the country.

Evaluation of the measurement properties of the parental perceptions of children's exposure to tobacco smoke instrument translated and adapted to the Brazilian context.

Given the need to measure parents' perceptions of their children's exposure to tobacco smoke, the Parental Perceptions of Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke (PPE) instrument was developed and validated in Hebrew and later translated into English and Portuguese. The PPE has already been translated and adapted to the Brazilian context but a more robust sample is necessary to investigate the measurement properties. Thus, this study evaluated the measurement properties of the Brazilian version of the PPE instrument.

Are rare heterozygous SYNJ1 variants associated with Parkinson's disease?

Previous studies have established that rare biallelic SYNJ1 mutations cause autosomal recessive parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed 8165 PD cases, 818 early-onset-PD (EOPD, < 50 years) and 70,363 controls. Burden meta-analysis revealed an association between rare nonsynonymous variants and variants with high Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion score (> 20) in the Sac1 SYNJ1 domain and PD (Pfdr = 0.

Association between the number of individuals injured in a traumatic event and posttraumatic stress disorder among hospitalized trauma patients.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often occurs following mass casualty events, yet the connection between the number of individuals injured in an event and PTSD risk in smaller-scale events (i.e., involving one or several injured persons) remains unclear.

When to choose intraosseous access in prehospital trauma care: A registry-based study from the Israel Defense Forces.

Purpose: Prompt vascular access is crucial for resuscitating bleeding trauma casualties in prehospital settings but achieving peripheral intravenous (PIV) access can be challenging during hemorrhagic shock due to peripheral vessel collapse. Early intraosseous (IO) device use is suggested as an alternative. This study examines injury characteristics and factors linked to IO access requirements.

Harm to myself or others? A qualitative study of the preferences of people who smoke for messages to be included in cigarette pack inserts.

Introduction: Tobacco package inserts [TPIs] are a novel channel to transmit smoking cessation messages. Research has shown associations between inserts, intentions to quit and increased self-efficacy. In Israel, TPIs have been legislated, but not yet implemented.

Computed tomography referral guidelines adherence in Europe: insights from a seven-country audit.

Background: Ensuring appropriate computed tomography (CT) utilization optimizes patient care while minimizing radiation exposure. Decision support tools show promise for standardizing appropriateness.

Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to assess CT appropriateness rates using the European Society of Radiology (ESR) iGuide criteria across seven European countries.