Deep-Learning Model for Mortality Prediction of ICU Patients with Paralytic Ileus.

Paralytic Ileus (PI) patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) face a significant risk of death. Current predictive models for PI are often complex and rely on many variables, resulting in unreliable outcomes for such a serious health condition. Predicting mortality in ICU patients with PI is particularly challenging due to the vast amount of data and numerous features involved.

Effect of high health literacy and the frequency of social activities on preventing disability.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to identify the impact of high health literacy (HL) and participation in more social activities (SA) on preventing the risk of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Participants were 3,486 community-dwelling older adults who underwent functional health examinations. Participants were classified into four groups based on High (Low) HL and High (Low) SA.

Exploring the pathways between depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life on life satisfaction: a path analysis approach.

Background: Life satisfaction, one promising health asset, is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases and mortality. Mental health conditions and quality of life (QoL) are important aspects of well-being in late life and are significantly associated with life satisfaction. Despite the complex interrelationships between mental health, QoL and life satisfaction, the current literature has evaluated the simple association between them and failed to consider the complex pathways among these variables, especially among the older population.

The gut-brain-metabolic axis: exploring the role of microbiota in insulin resistance and cognitive function.

The gut-brain-metabolic axis has emerged as a critical area of research, highlighting the intricate connections between the gut microbiome, metabolic processes, and cognitive function. This review article delves into the complex interplay between these interconnected systems, exploring their role in the development of insulin resistance and cognitive decline. The article emphasizes the pivotal influence of the gut microbiota on central nervous system (CNS) function, demonstrating how microbial colonization can program the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis for stress response in mice.

Genome Variability for the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) stand as the foremost global cause of mortality, accounting for 32% of total deaths in 2019, with 85% attributed to heart attacks and strokes. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) exhibit an elevated susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD). In numerous studies, it has been established that genetic polymorphism of genes influences the onset, progression, and complications of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Socioeconomic, Behavioural, and Health-related Characteristics of Older Adults.

Background: The global aging population is growing rapidly, and Nepal is no exception. This increase is driven by changes in socioeconomic conditions, health behaviours, and advancements in the health system. In Nepal, almost a quarter of the national population are older adults (≥45 years), whose health status is rarely elaborated.

It gives you a really great feeling, knowing that what you are doing is making somebody's day: Provider perspectives on implementing the individualized positive psychosocial interaction.

The Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) is an evidence-based program that supports engaging people living with dementia and their care partners in the nursing home (NH). IPPIs are brief, one-to-one, preference-based activities to improve well-being and decrease behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The purpose of this study was to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing the IPPI program from the perspective of NH provider champions.

"We're Preventing People From Going Into the Most Expensive Level of Care in Every Way that We Can": Barriers and Recommendations for Use of Local Funds.

Most older Americans do not financially qualify for Medicaid and support provided through the Older Americans Act is quite limited. In response, Ohio has generated funds for services for older adults through the use of local county tax levy programs. Ohio currently leads the nation in the utilization and support of local levy funding, generating more than US$200 million annually.

Anatomic Interpretability in Neuroimage Deep Learning: Saliency Approaches for Typical Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury.

The black box nature of deep neural networks (DNNs) makes researchers and clinicians hesitant to rely on their findings. Saliency maps can enhance DNN explainability by suggesting the anatomic localization of relevant brain features. This study compares seven popular attribution-based saliency approaches to assign neuroanatomic interpretability to DNNs that estimate biological brain age (BA) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Anatomic Interpretability in Neuroimage Deep Learning: Saliency Approaches for Typical Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury.

The black box nature of deep neural networks (DNNs) makes researchers and clinicians hesitant to rely on their findings. Saliency maps can enhance DNN explainability by suggesting the anatomic localization of relevant brain features. This study compares seven popular attribution-based saliency approaches to assign neuroanatomic interpretability to DNNs that estimate biological brain age (BA) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Association Between Nursing Home Five-Star Ratings and Consumer Satisfaction.

Objective: Consumers can currently access the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Five-Star Quality Rating System when they choose a nursing home (NH). However, the system does not incorporate NH consumers' opinions. Without having access to satisfaction or quality-of-life measures, consumers could make uninformed decisions.

Frailty as a breakthrough point for multimorbidity management among older adults: challenges and opportunities in China.

argue that tailored strategies are needed to seamlessly integrate frailty assessment into multimorbidity management, thereby promoting a shift towards a health oriented management approach

Capitalizing on Dementia Care Mapping in an Evaluation of a Montessori-Based Intervention for Individuals Living with Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Montessori-based interventions (MBIs) promote quality of life among older adults living with dementia. We used Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) to evaluate the impact of a small-scale MBI. DCM is a systematic observation tool that records the behavior and mood/engagement of individuals living with dementia and can be used to improve quality of care and well-being.

Carvedilol ameliorates experimental atherosclerosis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Background: To investigate the protective effect of carvedilol against atherosclerosis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Methods: In-vitro experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were divided into the control group, ox-LDL group, carvedilol 5 μM group, carvedilol 10 μM group, and carvedilol 20 μM group. The optimal concentration of carvedilol was determined using the CCK-8 method to assess cell proliferation levels and oil red O staining to observe intracellular lipid droplet formation.

Unraveling the role of lactate-related genes in myocardial infarction.

Background: Lactate is a crucial intermediary, facilitating communication between myocardial energy metabolism and microenvironmental regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between lactate-related genes (LRGs) and myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: A total of 23 LRGs exhibited differential expression between individuals with MI and healthy controls.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals no causal relationship between thyroid function and sarcopenia-related traits.

Background: Recent research has indicated a potential association between thyroid function and sarcopenia, but the specific mechanisms and a definitive causal relationship have yet to be established. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the potential causal connection between thyroid function and sarcopenia-related traits, including hand-grip strength, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and walking pace.

Methods: The study used a bi-directional two-sample MR design, with thyroid function examined as the exposure and sarcopenia-related traits as the outcome in the first stage, and then reversed in the second stage.

nursing home provider reported readiness assessment of the individualized positive psychosocial interaction (IPPI) program.

Objectives: This study assessed the readiness of The Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) program in the nursing home (NH) setting from the perspective of NH providers implementing the IPPI. The evidence-based IPPI program is designed to help remediate distress and improve mood for residents living with dementia. NH staff are trained to engage residents in brief (i.

Staffing Patterns in Nursing Homes, Assisted Living Communities, and Memory Care Units: Variation Across Shifts.

Objectives: To assess the staffing patterns of direct care nursing staff by shift in nursing homes (NHs), assisted living communities (ALCs), and their corresponding memory care units (MCUs).

Design: Observational study of the 2021 Ohio Biennial Survey of Long-Term Care Facilities and the Payroll-Based Journal data for December 2021.

Setting And Participants: NHs (n = 678) and ALCs (n = 542) that reported staffing by shift in Ohio.

"It's What Would Work for Her": An Analysis of Adaptations to the Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction Program in U.S. Nursing Homes.

Background And Objectives: The Individualized Positive Psychosocial Interaction (IPPI) program is an adaptable, evidence-based intervention. IPPI trains nursing home care partners to engage residents living with moderate to severe dementia in preference-based, one-to-one interactions using emotion-focused communication. We sought to understand provider-driven adaptations made to the IPPI program and whether the adaptations made were fidelity-consistent.

Sustainability of the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory Use in Ohio Nursing Homes Over Time.

Objectives: In 2015, the Ohio Department of Medicaid incentivized use of the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI) as a quality initiative. The pay-for-performance (P4P) program, however, was then deimplemented in 2019. This study investigated the sustainability of use of the PELI in Ohio nursing homes (NHs) from 2017 to 2021 and examined barriers to PELI implementation.

Neighborhood environment and quality of life of older adults in eastern Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is a subjective measure reflecting individuals' evaluations based on their personal goals and values. While global research shows the role of neighborhood factors like ethnic diversity and socio-cultural dynamics on QoL, these are unexplored in the Nepali context. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between neighborhood environment and QoL among Nepali older adults in eastern Nepal.