Faster Acquisition and Improved Image Quality of T2-Weighted Dixon Breast MRI at 3T Using Deep Learning: A Prospective Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare image quality features and lesion characteristics between a faster deep learning (DL) reconstructed T2-weighted (T2-w) fast spin-echo (FSE) Dixon sequence with super-resolution (T2) and a conventional T2-w FSE Dixon sequence (T2) for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted between November 2022 and April 2023 using a 3T scanner. Both T2 and T2 sequences were acquired for each patient.

Open-source Large Language Models can Generate Labels from Radiology Reports for Training Convolutional Neural Networks.

Rationale And Objectives: Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires large datasets with labeled data, which can be very labor-intensive to prepare. Radiology reports contain a lot of potentially useful information for such tasks. However, they are often unstructured and cannot be directly used for training.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

How to Predict Recurrence After Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Predictors of recurrence following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully established. This study investigated potential risk factors and prognostic scores for this situation.

Patients And Methods: In 297 patients undergoing resection of HCC between 2000 and 2021, risk scores and potential additional risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic recurrence were assessed.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.

Structural inequality, the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities, influences health outcomes. However, the biological embedding of structural inequality in aging and dementia, especially among underrepresented populations, is unclear. We examined the association between structural inequality (country-level and state-level Gini indices) and brain volume and connectivity in 2,135 healthy controls, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration from Latin America and the United States.

Nuclear microRNA 9 mediates G-quadruplex formation and 3D genome organization during TGF-β-induced transcription.

The dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization are essential to transcriptional regulation. While enhancers regulate spatiotemporal gene expression, chromatin looping is a means for enhancer-promoter interactions yielding cell-type-specific gene expression. Further, non-canonical DNA secondary structures, such as G-quadruplexes (G4s), are related to increased gene expression.

2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation.

In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017.

Etiology of prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion: A systematic review of risk factors.

The most common somatic alteration in primary prostate cancer is the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion, which may be caused or promoted by distinct etiologic factors. The objective of this systematic review was to assess epidemiologic evidence on etiologic factors for prostate cancer by tumor TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status in human populations. Of 3071 publications identified, 19 cohort or case-control studies from six distinct study populations were included in this systematic review.

An integrative TAD catalog in lymphoblastoid cell lines discloses the functional impact of deletions and insertions in human genomes.

The human genome is packaged within a three-dimensional (3D) nucleus and organized into structural units known as compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and loops. TAD boundaries, separating adjacent TADs, have been found to be well conserved across mammalian species and more evolutionarily constrained than TADs themselves. Recent studies show that structural variants (SVs) can modify 3D genomes through the disruption of TADs, which play an essential role in insulating genes from outside regulatory elements' aberrant regulation.

Naturalistic generative narratives reveal effects of social characteristics on decision-making.

Introduction: The social characteristics of others can powerfully influence our decisions. They can also be broadly impacted by the social context in which these choices are made, making the effects of these characteristics on decision-making especially challenging to understand.

Methods: Here, we developed a Generative Narrative Survey that provided participants with naturalistic scenarios that richly varied in social context and theme but that also systematically varied the characteristics of the social agents involved, followed by a question.

Hybrid Approach to Post-Radiation Valve Disease: Robotic Mitral Valve Replacement Alongside Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

A 63-year-old woman with history of mediastinal radiation was admitted for decompensated heart failure due to severe post-radiation aortic and mitral valve disease. To reduce cardiopulmonary bypass time and postoperative pulmonary complications, she underwent a hybrid approach with robotic mitral valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Negative Colonoscopy Screening Results.

Importance: The current recommendation for a 10-year rescreening interval after a negative colonoscopy screening (NCS) result has been questioned, with some studies showing a persistently lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after NCS results.

Objective: To examine long-term CRC incidence and mortality after NCS results (ie, no presence of CRC or polyps) and according to a risk score based on major demographic and lifestyle risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, 3 prospective US population-based cohorts from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up from 1988 and 1991 to 2020.

Optimizing Myocardial Protection in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgeries: A Network Comparison of Del Nido, Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate, and Blood Cardioplegia.

: The optimal choice of cardioplegia solution in minimally invasive cardiac surgeries (MICS) remains debated, as prolonged myocardial protection is essential to avoid interruptions to the surgical flow, which can prolong aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time, especially in the constrained surgical field. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the del Nido (DN), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK), blood cardioplegia (BC), and St. Thomas' (STH) solutions in MICS.

Additive effect of high transportation noise exposure and socioeconomic deprivation on stress-associated neural activity, atherosclerotic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease events.

Background: Noise exposure and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are both independently linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although these factors frequently coexist, their combined impact and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the joint effects of high transportation noise exposure and lower SES on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the role of the neural-arterial axis in mediating this relationship.

Coffee consumption is associated with intestinal Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus abundance and prevalence across multiple cohorts.

Although diet is a substantial determinant of the human gut microbiome, the interplay between specific foods and microbial community structure remains poorly understood. Coffee is a habitually consumed beverage with established metabolic and health benefits. We previously found that coffee is, among >150 items, the food showing the highest correlation with microbiome components.

[Plaque characterization and individualized risk assessment].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Risk assessment and accurate plaque characterization are key to individual prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD).

Standard Radiological Methods: The standard of care is cardiac computed tomography (CT), including calcium scoring and coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Diagnosis is based on the CAD-RADS (Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System) classification.

Inter-center comparison of proton range verification prototypes with an anthropomorphic head phantom.

. To compare in reproducible and equalized conditions the performance of two independent proton range verification systems based on prompt gamma-ray detectors from two different proton therapy centers..

Can Obesity Serve as a Barrier to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery? Overcoming the Limitations-A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis.

Over the past two decades, significant advancements in mitral valve surgery have focused on minimally invasive techniques. Some surgeons consider obesity as a relative contraindication for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS). The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the specific characteristics of obese patients contribute to increased surgical complexity and whether this, in turn, leads to worse clinical outcomes compared to non-obese patients.

Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease.

Arboviral diseases are a growing global health concern. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie encephalitis due to West Nile virus (WNV) (∼40% of patients) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE, due to TBE virus [TBEV]) (∼10%). We report here that these auto-Abs can also underlie severe forms of rarer arboviral infections.