Health and Liver Diagnostic Markers Influencing Glycemia in Subjects with Prediabetes: Preview Study.

Introduction: Glucose homeostasis may be dependent on liver conditions and influence health-related markers and quality of life (QoL) objective measurements. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of glycemia with liver and health status in a prediabetic population.

Subjects And Methods: This study included 2220 overweight/obese prediabetics from the multinational PREVIEW project.

Fully Automated Assessment of Cardiac Chamber Volumes and Myocardial Mass on Non-Contrast Chest CT with a Deep Learning Model: Validation Against Cardiac MR.

: To validate the automated quantification of cardiac chamber volumes and myocardial mass on non-contrast chest CT using cardiac MR (CMR) as a reference. : We retrospectively included 53 consecutive patients who received non-contrast chest CT and CMR within three weeks. A deep learning model created cardiac segmentations on axial soft-tissue reconstructions from CT, covering all four cardiac chambers and the left ventricular myocardium.

Optimizing Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Stroke CT Protocols: Proposed Diagnostic Reference Levels for Multiphase CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging.

Objective: In suspected acute ischemic stroke, it is now reasonable to expand the conventional "stroke protocol" (non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), arterial CT angiography (CTA), and optionally CT perfusion (CTP)) to early and late venous head scans yielding a multiphase CTA (MP-CTA) to increase diagnostic confidence. Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been defined for neither MP-CTA nor CTP. We therefore present dosimetry data, while also considering image quality, for a large, unselected patient cohort.

Sex Differences in Sleep Profiles and the Effect of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor on Sleep Quality in Adult People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background/objectives: Recent studies indicate that sleep and sleep disorders differ between men and women, but corresponding data in people with chronic lung diseases are lacking. This study aims to answer the question of what the sex-specific differences in sleep profiles and responses to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) therapy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are.

Methods: Adult pwCF and a matched control group (adults with suspected sleep-disordered breathing undergoing in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG)) were included.

An Artificial Intelligence-Based Automatic Classifier for the Presence of False Lumen Thrombosis After Frozen Elephant Trunk Operation.

Objective: To develop an unsupervised artificial intelligence algorithm for identifying and quantifying the presence of false lumen thrombosis (FL) after Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) operation in computed tomography angiographic (CTA) images in an interdisciplinary approach.

Methods: CTA datasets were retrospectively collected from eight patients after FET operation for aortic dissection from a single center. Of those, five patients had a residual aortic dissection with partial false lumen thrombosis, and three patients had no false lumen or thrombosis.

Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging of Thoracoabdominal Computed Tomography Angiography on Photon-Counting Detector Computertomography: Assessment of Image Quality and Leveraging Low-keV Series for Salvaging Suboptimal Contrast Acquisitions.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of image improvement of ECG-gated, high-pitch computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the thoracoabdominal aorta before transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) on a novel dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) in the setting of suboptimal low-contrast attenuation.

Methods: Continuously examined patients who underwent an ECG-gated, high-pitch CTA of the aorta on a PCD-CT with a contrast decrease of at least 50% between the ascending aorta and the common femoral arteries (CFA) were included. Patient characteristics were documented.

Machine Learning Models for 3-Month Outcome Prediction Using Radiomics of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema from Admission Head Computed Tomography (CT).

: Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) are respective imaging markers of primary and secondary brain injury in hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, we explored the potential added value of PHE radiomic features for prognostication in ICH patients. : Using a multicentric trial cohort of acute supratentorial ICH ( = 852) patients, we extracted radiomic features from ICH and PHE lesions on admission non-contrast head CTs.

Triboelectric Separation for Protein Enrichment of Wheat Flour Compared with Gluten-Starch Mixtures as a .

Triboelectric separation, a solvent-free method, was investigated as a tool for protein enrichment in wheat flour. Gluten-starch model mixtures, flour, and reground flour fractions were evaluated for their separation characteristics (selectivity and efficiency). Mass yield, protein content, particle size distribution, and SEM analysis were used to assess performance.

Influence of Algal Incorporation on Sensory and Physicochemical Attributes of Caseless Sausage-Ćevap (CSC).

This study explores the influence of algal incorporation on the sensory and physicochemical attributes of caseless sausage-ćevap (CSC). Various algae, including , (sea spaghetti), and (wakame), were added at different concentrations to standard CSC formulations. Proximate analysis revealed that the addition of algae did not significantly change crude protein and fat content ( > 0.

Prevalence of spp. in Seafood from German Supermarkets and Fish Markets.

This study investigates the prevalence of spp. in seafood from supermarkets and fish markets in Berlin, Germany. A total of 306 seafood samples, including shrimp and mussels, were bought from supermarkets between March 2023 and January 2024.

Genetic Association Study of Acetylcholinesterase () and Butyrylcholinesterase () Variants in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death among infants aged between one month and one year. Altered enzyme activities or expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been observed in SIDS patients that might lead to disturbed autonomic function and, together with other risk factors, might trigger SIDS. To explore the contribution of AChE and BChE from a genomic viewpoint, we sought to investigate the association between SIDS and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the and genes.

Complete Genome Assembly of DSM 45807 Allows the Characterization of a Novel Glycopeptide Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.

Background: Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are a very successful class of clinically relevant antibacterials, used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, e.g., multidrug resistant and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

House Mice in the Atlantic Region: Genetic Signals of Their Human Transport.

Background/objectives: The colonization history of house mice reflects the maritime history of humans that passively transported them worldwide. We investigated western house mouse colonization in the Atlantic region through studies of mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequences from modern specimens.

Methods: We assembled a dataset of 758 haplotypes derived from 2765 mice from 47 countries/oceanic archipelagos (a combination of new and published data).

The Simultaneous Treatment of PC-3 Cells with the DNA-Demethylating Agent Decitabine and S-Adenosylmethionine Leads to Synergistic Anticancer Effects.

Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature of cancer. Promoter demethylation of tumor-promoting genes and global DNA hypomethylation may trigger tumor progression. Epigenetic changes are unstable; thus, research has focused on detecting remedies that target epigenetic regulators.

MicroRNA Screening Reveals Upregulation of FoxO-Signaling in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

: AML is an aggressive malignant disease characterized by aberrant proliferation and accumulation of immature blast cells in the patient's bone marrow. Chemotherapeutic treatment can effectively induce remission and re-establish functional hematopoiesis. However, many patients experience chemoresistance-associated relapse and disease progression with a poor prognosis.

Exploring the Molecular Link Between Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction Through Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a pathophysiological condition in which the patients cannot achieve an erection during sexual activity, and it is often overlooked yet prevalent among diabetic men, globally affecting approximately 35-75% of diabetic individuals. The precise mechanisms through which diabetes contributes to ED remain elusive, but the existing literature suggests the potential involvement of nerve and vascular damage that affects the penile supply. In the present review, we reanalyze the existing human single-cell transcriptomic data from patients having diabetes mellitus-associated ED with normal erections.

HROB Is Implicated in DNA Replication.

DNA replication represents a series of precisely regulated events performed by a complex protein machinery that guarantees accurate duplication of the genetic information. Since DNA replication is permanently faced by a variety of exogenous and endogenous stressors, DNA damage response, repair and replication must be closely coordinated to maintain genomic integrity. HROB has been identified recently as a binding partner and activator of the Mcm8/9 helicase involved in DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair.

Genotypic Influences on Actuators of Aerobic Performance in Tactical Athletes.

Background: This study examines genetic variations in the systemic oxygen transport cascade during exhaustive exercise in physically trained tactical athletes. Research goal: To update the information on the distribution of influence of eleven polymorphisms in ten genes, namely ACE (rs1799752), AGT (rs699), MCT1 (rs1049434), HIF1A (rs11549465), COMT (rs4680), CKM (rs8111989), TNC (rs2104772), PTK2 (rs7460 and rs7843014), ACTN3 (rs1815739), and MSTN (rs1805086)-on the connected steps of oxygen transport during aerobic muscle work.

Methods: 251 young, healthy tactical athletes (including 12 females) with a systematic physical training history underwent exercise tests, including standardized endurance running with a 12.

Refining the Allostatic Self-Efficacy Theory of Fatigue and Depression Using Causal Inference.

Allostatic self-efficacy (ASE) represents a computational theory of fatigue and depression. In brief, it postulates that (i) fatigue is a feeling state triggered by a metacognitive diagnosis of loss of control over bodily states (persistently elevated interoceptive surprise); and that (ii) generalization of low self-efficacy beliefs beyond bodily control induces depression. Here, we converted ASE theory into a structural causal model (SCM).

Frustrated Synchronization of the Kuramoto Model on Complex Networks.

We present a synchronization transition study of the locally coupled Kuramoto model on extremely large graphs. We compare regular 405 and 1004 lattice results with those of 12,0002 lattice substrates with power-law decaying long links (ll). The latter heterogeneous network exhibits ds>4 spectral dimensions.

Kinetic Theory of Self-Propelled Particles with Nematic Alignment.

We present the results from kinetic theory for a system of self-propelled particles with alignment interactions of higher-order symmetry, particularly nematic ones. To this end, we use the Landau equation approach, a systematic approximation to the BBGKY hierarchy for small effective couplings. Our calculations are presented in a pedagogical way with the explicit goal of serving as a tutorial from a physicists' perspective into applying kinetic theory ideas beyond mean-field to active matter systems with essentially no prerequisites and yield predictions without free parameters that are in quantitative agreement with direct agent-based simulations.

An Intrinsic Characterization of Shannon's and Rényi's Entropy.

All characterizations of the Shannon entropy include the so-called chain rule, a formula on a hierarchically structured probability distribution, which is based on at least two elementary distributions. We show that the chain rule can be split into two natural components, the well-known additivity of the entropy in case of cross-products and a variant of the chain rule that involves only a single elementary distribution. The latter is given as a proportionality relation and, hence, allows a vague interpretation as self-similarity, hence intrinsic property of the Shannon entropy.

A Contemporary View on Carnot's Réflexions.

Entropy and energy had not yet been introduced to physics by the time Carnot wrote his seminal Réflexions. Scholars continue to discuss what he really had in mind and what misconceptions he might have had. Actually, his work can be read as a correct introduction to the physics of heat engines when the term calorique is replaced by entropy and entropy is used as the other fundamental thermal quantity besides temperature.

Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-Producing Isolates from Imported Healthy Reptiles.

Background/objectives: Reptiles are known reservoirs for members of the . We investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, the diversity of extended-spectrum-/AmpC-β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) genes and the genomic organization of the ESBL/AmpC producers.

Methods: A total of 92 shipments with 184 feces, skin, and urinate samples of live healthy reptiles were obtained during border inspections at Europe's most important airport for animal trade and screened for AMR bacteria by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of selected isolates.

Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared to Broth.

In hospital- and community-acquired central nervous system infections, resistant Gram-positive bacteria are an increasing therapeutic challenge. The present approach does not attempt to identify rapidly bactericidal therapies for susceptible pathogens but aims to improve methods to find antibiotic regimens for multi-resistant pathogens that are effective in vivo in spite of reduced in vitro susceptibility in culture media. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Mueller-Hinton broth (, methicillin-resistant , ) or brain-heart infusion ().