A proteogenomic analysis of the adiposity colorectal cancer relationship identifies GREM1 as a probable mediator.

Background: Adiposity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathways underlying this relationship, and specifically the role of circulating proteins, are unclear.

Methods: Utilizing two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR), and colocalization, based on summary data from large sex-combined and sex-specific genetic studies, we estimated the univariable associations between: (i) body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and overall and site-specific (colon, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal) CRC risk, (ii) BMI and WHR and circulating proteins, and (iii) adiposity-associated circulating proteins and CRC risk.

Investigating the influence of a bubble curtain on the underwater sound wave field generated by offshore pile driving.

Pile driving for offshore wind turbines typically generates high sound levels in the water column. Bubble curtains are frequently employed to protect marine fauna. This study aims to investigate the effect of a bubble curtain on the generated sound wave field.

Value and Kinetics of Virological Markers in the Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis D Virus Infection.

Background And Aims: Chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection can cause severe liver disease. With new treatment options available, it is important to identify patients at risk for liver-related complications. We aimed to investigate kinetics and predictive values of novel virological and immunological markers in the natural course of chronic HDV infection.

Heidelberg Adult and Pediatric Airway Registry (HAPA-Registry).

Background: Advanced airway management is of fundamental importance in almost all areas of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and critical care. Securing the airway is of the utmost importance, as this is a prerequisite for the oxygenation of the human organism. The clinical relevance of airway management is particularly evident in the fact that the primary cause of significant anesthesia-related complications can be attributed to this field.

Anti-HIV-1 Effect of the Fluoroquinolone Enoxacin and Modulation of Pro-Viral hsa-miR-132 Processing in CEM-SS Cells.

Background: Despite tremendous advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infections, no cure or vaccination is available. Therefore, discovering novel therapeutic strategies remains an urgent need. In that sense, miRNAs and miRNA therapeutics have moved intensively into the focus of recent HIV-1-related investigations.

LncRNA Is Upregulated in Aging Astrocytes and Regulates Neuronal Support Function Through Interaction with Npas3.

Aging leads to cognitive decline and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. While molecular changes in central nervous system (CNS) cells contribute to this decline, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular functions.

Learning Transversus Abdominis Activation in Older Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain Using an Ultrasound-Based Wearable: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is prevalent among older adults and leads to significant functional limitations and reduced quality of life. Segmental stabilization exercises (SSEs) are commonly used to treat CLBP, but the selective activation of deep abdominal muscles during these exercises can be challenging for patients. To support muscle activation, physiotherapists use biofeedback methods such as palpation and ultrasound imaging.

Correction: Yamarthi et al. Ink Mitigates Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. 2024, , 408-419.

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Zirconia Barriers in Bone Regeneration Procedures: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To identify the current status and development of zirconia barriers in bone augmentation procedures in the maxillofacial area of adult human patients.

Materials And Methods: Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases, as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to April 15, 2024. The protocol was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

Targeting CD44 and EpCAM with Antibody Dye Conjugates for the Photoimmunotherapy of Prostate Cancer.

Background/objectives: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an innovative approach for the targeted therapy of cancer. In PIT, photosensitizer dyes are conjugated to tumor-specific antibodies for targeted delivery into cancer cells. Upon irradiation with visible light, the photosensitizer dye is activated and induces cancer-specific cell death.

Challenges and Insights in Absolute Quantification of Recombinant Therapeutic Antibodies by Mass Spectrometry: An Introductory Review.

This review describes mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches for the absolute quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), focusing on technical challenges in sample treatment and calibration. Therapeutic mAbs are crucial for treating cancer and inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. We trace their development from hybridoma technology and the first murine mAbs in 1975 to today's chimeric and fully human mAbs.

Genetic Predisposition to Hippocampal Atrophy and Risk of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia.

Background: There is a paucity of evidence on the association between genetic propensity for hippocampal atrophy with cognitive outcomes. Therefore, we examined the relationship of the polygenic risk score for hippocampal atrophy (PRShp) with the incidence of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the rates of cognitive decline.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the population-based HELIAD cohort.

Impact of Short-Chain Perfluoropropylene Oxide Acids on Biochemical and Behavioural Parameters in (Savigny, 1826).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose a growing threat to environmental and human health. Soil acts as a long-term reservoir for PFAS, potentially impacting soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. Earthworms, as keystone species in soil ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable to PFAS exposure.

Changes in the Spatial Structure of Synchronization Connections in EEG During Nocturnal Sleep Apnea.

This study involved 72 volunteers divided into two groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): AHI>15 episodes per hour (ep/h) (main group, n=39, including 28 men, median AHI 44.15, median age 47), 0≤AHI≤15ep/h (control group, n=33, including 12 men, median AHI 2, median age 28). Each participant underwent polysomnography with a recording of 19 EEG channels.

A Series of 40 Congenital Lung Malformation Cases and the Informative Value of CPAM Lesion Ratios.

Introduction: In this single-center retrospective analysis, we present case data and insights gathered over the past eight years. Additionally, we computed postnatal, pre-therapy lesion-to-lung ratios of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAMs) to retrospectively assess potential outcome prediction using lesion-to-lung ratios.

Methods: Data were collected between 2015 and 2022.

Insights into the morphology-productivity relationship of filamentous fungi through small-scale cultivation and automated microscopy of Thermothelomyces thermophilus.

Filamentous fungi are a cornerstone in the biotechnological production of enzymes, proteins, and organic acids. However, challenges in understanding and controlling the relationship between morphology and productivity can limit their application. This study addresses these challenges using Thermothelomyces thermophilus, a promising thermophilic fungus known for the production of thermostable enzymes.

In silico optimization of a challenging bispecific antibody chromatography step.

Mechanistic modeling of chromatographic steps is an effective tool in biopharma process development that enhances process understanding and accelerates optimization efforts and subsequent risk assessment. A relatively new model for ion exchange chromatography is the colloidal particle adsorption (CPA) formalism, which promises improved separation of material and molecule-specific parameters. This case study demonstrates a straightforward CPA modeling workflow to describe an ion exchange chromatography polishing step of a knobs-into-holes construct bispecific antibody molecule.

Altered retinal vasculature in childhood cancer survivors: Data from the German CVSS-study.

Aims: Childhood cancer is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in later life. Retinal examination allows to non-invasively observe the vasculature of an end-organ. We observe alterations in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Reversible Piezochromism of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Dimers in Molecular Single Crystals.

Transition metal complexes are well-known for their efficient light emission and are promising for applications ranging from bioimaging to light-emitting diodes. In solution, interactions between the metal centers of two complexes become possible and drastically change the photophysical properties. For real-world devices, solid-state materials consisting of these molecules are preferable.

Simple User-Friendly Reaction Format.

Utilizing the growing wealth of chemical reaction data can boost synthesis planning and increase success rates. Yet, the effectiveness of machine learning tools for retrosynthesis planning and forward reaction prediction relies on accessible, well-curated data presented in a structured format. Although some public and licensed reaction databases exist, they often lack essential information about reaction conditions.

Gold Nanorods Decorated by Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Infrared Responsive Cytostatic Drug Delivery.

Near-infrared (NIR) controlled drug delivery systems have drawn a lot of attention throughout the past few decades due to the deep penetration depth and comparatively minor side effects of the stimulus. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach for gastric cancer treatment by combining photothermal infrared-sensitive gold nanorods (AuNRs) with a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) to create a drug delivery system tailored for transporting the cytostatic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). CMPs are fully conjugated networks with high internal surface areas that can be precisely tailored to the adsorption and transport of active compounds through the right choice of chemical functionalities.

Long-term safety and efficacy of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata and at least 25% scalp hair loss: Results from the ALLEGRO-LT phase 3, open-label study.

Background: ALLEGRO-LT is an ongoing, long-term, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 study of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata (AA).

Objectives: To evaluate ritlecitinib safety and efficacy through Month 24 in patients with AA and ≥25% scalp hair loss.

Methods: ALLEGRO-LT enrolled rollover patients who previously received study intervention in either ALLEGRO phase 2a or 2b/3 studies and de novo patients who had not received treatment in either study.

The Best of Both Worlds: ΔDFT Describes Multiresonance TADF Emitters with Wave-Function Accuracy at Density-Functional Cost.

With their narrow-band emission, high quantum yield, and good chemical stability, multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are promising materials for OLED technology. However, accurately modeling key properties, such as the singlet-triplet (ST) energy gap and fluorescence energy, remains challenging. While time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), the workhorse of computational materials science, suffers from fundamental issues, wave function-based coupled-cluster (CC) approaches, like approximate CC of second-order (CC2), are accurate but suffer from high computational cost and unfavorable scaling with system size.

Cardiac myosin binding protein C correlate with cardiac troponin I during an exercise training program in patients with HFrEF.

Background: Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyC) is an emerging new biomarker of myocardial injury rising earlier and cleared faster than cardiac troponins. It has discriminatory power similar to high-sensitive troponins in diagnosing myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. It is also associated with outcome in patients with acute heart failure.