The Effect of Ga-Ion Irradiation on Sub-Micron-Wavelength Spin Waves in Yttrium-Iron-Garnet Films.

We investigate the effect of focused-ion-beam (FIB) irradiation on spin waves with sub-micron wavelengths in Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (YIG) films. Time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray (TR-STXM) microscopy was used to image the spin waves in irradiated regions and deduce corresponding changes in the magnetic parameters of the film. We find that the changes of Gairradiation can be understood by assuming a few percent change in the effective magnetizationof the film due to a trade-off between changes in anisotropy and effective film thickness.

Evaluating the Acceptance and Usability of an Independent, Noncommercial Search Engine for Medical Information: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study and User Behavior Tracking Analysis.

Background: The internet is a key source of health information, but the quality of content from popular search engines varies, posing challenges for users-especially those with low health or digital health literacy. To address this, the "tala-med" search engine was developed in 2020 to provide access to high-quality, evidence-based content. It prioritizes German health websites based on trustworthiness, recency, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility, offering category-based filters while ensuring privacy by avoiding data collection and advertisements.

Insights into stem Batomorphii: A new holomorphic ray (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the upper Jurassic of Germany.

The Late Jurassic fossil deposits of southern Germany, collectively known as the 'Solnhofen Archipelago', are one of the world's most important sources of Mesozoic vertebrates. Complete skeletons of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), whose skeletal remains are rare in the fossil record and therefore all the more valuable, are represented, among others, by exceptionally well-preserved rays (superorder Batomorphii). Despite their potential for research in several areas, including taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and phylogeny, the number of studies on these chondrichthyans is still very limited.

Gadopiclenol Enables Reduced Gadolinium Dose While Maintaining Quality of Pulmonary Arterial Enhancement for Pulmonary MRA: An Opportunity for Improved Safety and Sustainability.

Rationale And Objectives: Pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an imaging method with proven utility for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism and avoids the need for ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast agents. High-relaxivity gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), such as gadopiclenol, can be used to reduce the required gadolinium dose for pulmonary MRA. The aim of this study was to compare the contrast enhancement performance of gadopiclenol with an established gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced pulmonary MRA protocol.

Free-Breathing Respiratory Triggered High-Pitch Lung CT: Insights From Phantom and Patient Scans.

Objective: Respiratory motion can affect image quality and thus affect the diagnostic accuracy of CT images by masking or mimicking relevant lung pathologies. CT examinations are often performed during deep inspiration and breath-hold to achieve optimal image quality. However, this can be challenging for certain patient groups, such as children, the elderly, or sedated patients.

Informing Planetary Protection Policies for the Future Exploration of Ceres: State of Understanding after the Dawn Mission.

We review the current state of understanding of Ceres as it relates to planetary protection policy for future landed missions, including for sample return, to the dwarf planet. The Dawn mission found Ceres to be an intriguing target for a mission, with evidence for the presence of regional, possibly extensive liquid at depth, and local expressions of recent and potentially ongoing activity. The Dawn mission also found a high abundance of carbon in the regolith, interpreted as a mix of carbonates and amorphous carbon, as well as locally high concentrations of organic matter.

Dipnictogen Radical Chemistry: A Dithorium-Supported Distibene Radical Trianion.

Although two examples of σ-bonded -bent [RSbSbR] (R = bulky organo- or Ga-groups) that formally contain the Sb radical trianion moiety are known in p-block chemistry, d- or f-element Sb radical trianion complexes, with or without R-substituents, have remained elusive. Here, we report that reduction of a 77:23 mix of [{Th(Tren)}(μ-η:η-Sb)] (, Tren = {N(CHCHNSiPr)}):[{Th(Tren)}(μ-SbH)] () with 1.5 equiv of KC in the presence of 1.

Isoelectric Point of Metal Oxide Films Formed by Anodization.

The surface charge of metal oxides is an important property that significantly contributes to a wide range of phenomena, including adsorption, catalysis, and material science. The surface charge can be predicted by determining the isoelectric point (IEP) of a material and the pH of a solution. Although there have been several studies of the IEP of metal oxide (nano)particles, only a few have reported the IEP of metal oxide films.

Chirality à la carte.

Light drives a fast switching between achiral and chiral states in a crystal.

Decoding lysosome communication.

Lysosome interaction with other organelles may be linked to pulmonary hypertension.

Ductilization of 2.6-GPa alloys via short-range ordered interfaces and supranano precipitates.

Higher strength and higher ductility are desirable for structural materials. However, ultrastrong alloys inevitably show decreased strain-hardening capacity, limiting their uniform elongation. We present a supranano (<10 nanometers) and short-range ordering design for grain interiors and grain boundary regions, respectively, in fine-grained alloys based on vanadium, cobalt, and nickel, with additions of tungsten, copper, aluminum, and boron.

Photo-induced chirality in a nonchiral crystal.

Chirality, a pervasive form of symmetry, is intimately connected to the physical properties of solids, as well as the chemical and biological activity of molecular systems. However, inducing chirality in a nonchiral material is challenging because this requires that all mirrors and all roto-inversions be simultaneously broken. Here, we show that chirality of either handedness can be induced in the nonchiral piezoelectric material boron phosphate (BPO) by irradiation with terahertz pulses.

A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs.

Androgens are pleiotropic and play pivotal roles in the formation and variation of sexual phenotypes. We show that differences in circulating androgens between the three male mating morphs in ruff sandpipers are linked to 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), encoded by a gene within the supergene that determines the morphs. Low-testosterone males had higher expression in blood than high-testosterone males, as well as in brain areas related to social behaviors and testosterone production.

Neurofeedback and attention modulate somatosensory alpha oscillations but not pain perception.

Pain is closely linked to alpha oscillations (8 < 13 Hz) which are thought to represent a supra-modal, top-down mediated gating mechanism that shapes sensory processing. Consequently, alpha oscillations might also shape the cerebral processing of nociceptive input and eventually the perception of pain. To test this mechanistic hypothesis, we designed a sham-controlled and double-blind electroencephalography (EEG)-based neurofeedback study.

Persistent symptoms and clinical findings in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome in the second year after acute infection: A population-based, nested case-control study.

Background: Self-reported health problems following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common and often include relatively non-specific complaints such as fatigue, exertional dyspnoea, concentration or memory disturbance and sleep problems. The long-term prognosis of such post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is unknown, and data finding and correlating organ dysfunction and pathology with self-reported symptoms in patients with non-recovery from PCS is scarce. We wanted to describe clinical characteristics and diagnostic findings among patients with PCS persisting for >1 year and assessed risk factors for PCS persistence versus improvement.

Orismilast, a PDE4B/D inhibitor, in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Efficacy and safety from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2b dose-ranging study (ADESOS).

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by eczematous skin lesions and pruritus. There is an unmet need for effective first-line systemic therapies with good safety profiles, particularly oral medications. Orismilast is a novel first-in-class oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) B/D inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.

Repeatome landscapes and cytogenetics of hortensias provide a framework to trace Hydrangea evolution and domestication.

Background And Aims: Ornamental hortensias are bred from a reservoir of over 200 species in the genus Hydrangea s.l. (Hydrangeaceae), and are valued in gardens, households and landscapes across the globe.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) encompass entities with different cellular differentiation and degrees of malignancy. Spatial heterogeneity complicates diagnosis and grading of PNSTs in some cases. In malignant PNST (MPNST) for example, single cell sequencing data has shown dissimilar differentiation states of tumor cells.

TIGIT-expression on natural killer cell subsets is an early indicator of alleviating liver inflammation following bulevirtide treatment in chronic hepatitis D.

Background Aims: Bulevirtide (BLV) is a novel and the only approved treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD). BLV alleviates liver inflammation already early during treatment when only minor HDV RNA changes are observed. We hypothesized that BLV-treatment may influence immune cells in CHD patients and performed a high-resolution analysis of natural killer (NK) cells before and during BLV-therapy.

Causal Relationship Between Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Iridocyclitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) and the risk of iridocyclitis (IC) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Data of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Behcet's disease (BD), and iridocyclitis were obtained from genome-wide association studies with large sample sizes. The instrumental variable utilized in this study for each exposure was the single nucleotide polymorphism.

From water to land-Usage of Generalized Unified Threshold models of Survival (GUTS) in an above-ground terrestrial context exemplified by honeybee survival data.

In regulatory aquatic risk assessment, toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) methods, such as the generalized unified threshold model of survival (GUTS), are already established and considered ready for use, whereas TKTD methods for aboveground terrestrial species, like arthropods, are less developed and currently not intended for risk assessment. This could be due to the fact that exposure in aboveground terrestrial systems is more event-based (feeding, contact, overspray, etc.), whereas exposure in aquatic systems is simply related to substance concentrations in the surrounding water.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Resection of Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Following Preoperative FOLFIRINOX.

Importance: The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX (combination leucovorin calcium [folinic acid], fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride, and oxaliplatin in full or modified dosing) chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) is unclear because current studies do not account for the number of cycles of preoperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.

Objective: To investigate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX with OS, taking into account the number of cycles of preoperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with 2 to 11 cycles of preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX followed by resection across 48 centers in 20 countries from 2010 to 2018.

Child Maltreatment Characteristics and Adult Physical Multimorbidity in Germany.

Importance: Associations between child maltreatment (CM) and health have been studied broadly, but most studies focus on multiplicity (number of experienced subtypes of CM). Studies assessing multiple CM characteristics are scarce, partly due to methodological challenges, and were mostly conducted in patient samples.

Objective: To determine the importance of CM characteristics in association with physical multimorbidity in adulthood for women and men in a German representative sample.