[Legal requirements for information and their influence on patient satisfaction].

The German Patientenrechtegesetz defines, among other things, medical obligations in connection with the provision of information. To date, the extent to which these legal requirements also influence patient satisfaction with information has not been investigated in Germany.The study employed an anonymized patient survey on satisfaction with information, which was recorded using a validated 10-item questionnaire.

[Gender-/Sex-Specific Differences in Clinical Trials in Uro-Oncology].

Subgroup analyses in clinical trials sometimes reveal gender-/sex-dependent differences in cancer outcomes. However, drug approvals are rarely restricted to a specific sex or gender, and recommendations regarding dosage are rarely tailored accordingly. Furthermore, discrepancies exist between the gender-/sex-dependent enrollment rates in clinical trials and real-world incidence or mortality rates.

[Bimodal and multimodal endoscopy of the urinary bladder in diagnosis and treatment].

White light cystoscopy is a precise instrument for the detection and treatment of papillary bladder tumors. Various additional macroscopic detection methods have been established. Some of them, especially PDD or NBI, have been shown to have an additional benefit on the recurrence rate of bladder tumors, so they should be used as part of the diagnosis and treatment when available.

Docking Structures Induced by Substitution Motifs of Softwood Xylan at Various Cellulose Surfaces.

To understand xylan-cellulose interactions in softwood, the adsorption behavior of hexameric softwood xylan proxies with various substitutions was analyzed on the three surfaces of a hexagonal cellulose microfibril. The study found that all surfaces could bind xylan motifs, showing equally high affinity for the hydrophilic (110) and hydrophobic (100) surfaces and significantly lower affinity for the hydrophilic (11̅0) surface. Unsubstituted xylose hexamers had the highest affinity and most ordered adsorption structures, while substitutions generally reduced the affinity and regularity.

Visual and Orthoptic Development After DSAEK for CHED in Children Younger than 8 years: Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) impairs the sensitive phase of visual development. We examined results of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for CHED regarding the critical period for amblyogenic factors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 11 eyes of 6 consecutive patients with CHED younger than 8 years treated with DSAEK and a PubMed-based literature search on management and optimal timing of the intervention.

Trace elements increase replicability of microbial growth.

Trace elements are often omitted from chemically defined growth media. From established properties of trace elements, we deduce that this omission makes experiments unnecessarily sensitive to unavoidable contamination with trace elements. We confirm this experimentally by growing 11 bacterial strains in high replicate with and without supplementing trace elements, keeping all other conditions as fixed as possible to isolate the effect of trace elements.

Formulation screening of lyophilized mRNA-lipid nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated their therapeutic potential as safe and effective drug delivery systems for nucleic acids during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, one of the main challenges during technical CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls) development is their long-term stability at temperatures of 2-8 °C or higher, which may be improved by the removal of water by lyophilization. In this study, we identified lyo-/cryo-protectants for freeze-dried mRNA-LNP formulations beyond conventional excipients such as sucrose and trehalose as T-modifiers using polyA as a surrogate.

A comprehensive report of the clinical and mutational profiles of 30 Iranian malignant infantile osteopetrosis patients.

Osteopetrosis is a group of genetically and clinically diverse inherited disorders characterized by an increase in bone density. The main known cause is an abnormality in the development or function of osteoclasts. Hence, the process of bone resorption is impaired, resulting in: 1- a reduction in bone marrow volume and, subsequently, a decrement in the hematopoietic capacity of bone marrow, which leads to anemia and compromised immunological function; 2- improper bone development, which leads to pressure on peripheral nerves, causing auditory, visual, and movement impairments; and 3- disturbance in the formation of bone microstructure that leads to susceptibility to bone fracture.

Evaluation of stabilizing additives to protect activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes for in vitro drug testing and pharmacogenetic studies: Focus on CYP2D6.

In vitro and ex vivo studies on drug metabolism and stability are vital for drug development and pre-clinical safety assessment. Traditional in vitro models, such as liver enzyme (S9) fractions and microsomes, often fail to account for individual variability. Personalized models, including 3D cell models and organoids, offer promising alternatives but may not fully replicate physiological processes, especially for Cytochrome P450 (CYP) families involved in extrahepatic metabolism.

Investigating the Multigenerational Effects of DDT Residues Exposure on Dental Development in Wistar Rats.

The pesticide Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation by-products (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane-DDD and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene-DDE) are health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the impact of multigenerational exposure to traces of DDD and DDE on odontogenesis Wistar rats were allocated in 4 groups over 2 generations (F1 and F2). Water was provided ad libitum throughout the animal's life groups: control - natural water; DDD - 0.

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab in microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer (CheckMate 8HW): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: CheckMate 8HW prespecified dual primary endpoints, assessed in patients with centrally confirmed microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient status: progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with chemotherapy as first-line therapy and progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with nivolumab alone, regardless of previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease. In our previous report, nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed superior progression-free survival versus chemotherapy in first-line microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer in the CheckMate 8HW trial. Here, we report results from the prespecified interim analysis for the other primary endpoint of progression-free survival for nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab across all treatment lines.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly reveals how repeat elements shape non-coding RNA landscapes active during newt limb regeneration.

Newts have large genomes harboring many repeat elements. How these elements shape the genome and relate to newts' unique regeneration ability remains unknown. We present here the chromosome-scale assembly of the 20.

VAE-Surv: A novel approach for genetic-based clustering and prognosis prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Background And Objectives: Several computational pipelines for biomedical data have been proposed to stratify patients and to predict their prognosis through survival analysis. However, these analyses are usually performed independently, without integrating the information derived from each of them. Clustering of survival data is an underexplored problem, and current approaches are limited for biomedical applications, whose data are usually heterogeneous and multimodal, with poor scalability for high-dimensionality.

Clinical outcomes and management following progressive disease with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy in patients with advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer with a rising incidence worldwide. Anti-programmed death-1/ligand-1 (anti-PD-(L)1) therapies are effective for the treatment of advanced MCC. This study examines patterns of response / progression of advanced MCC to anti-PD-(L)1 therapies and describes subsequent management.

Cancer-specific utility instrument for health economic evaluations: A synopsis of the EORTC QLU-C10D user manual and current validity evidence.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Utility - Core 10 Dimensions (QLU-C10D) adds a preference-based scoring algorithm to the EORTC measurement portfolio. It is built on the most widely used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure in oncology, the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (QLQ-C30), allowing for the calculation of both HRQoL profiles and health utilities. This is an important advancement for integrating cancer-specific values into health economic evaluations and decision making, offering greater content validity and statistical power than some generic measures.

Non-comparability and unplannability as material topoi in antenatal care conversations.

Objective: This paper studies argumentation and its function to establish common ground in pregnancy counseling conversations during the third trimester of the pregnancy, focusing on two material topoi: Non-comparability and Unplannability.

Methods: We take a conversation-analytical and interactional approach and draw on 37 natural occurring counseling conversations, videorecorded during two periods at a university hospital. The conversations are typically between the midwife and the pregnant woman.

Freshwater browning as a hidden threat - Transcriptomic responses in fish gills exposed to fulvic acid.

Human activities and climate change have significantly increased humic substances in freshwater ecosystems over the last few decades. This increase is particularly concerning during seasonal changes or after heavy rainfall, when concentrations can easily increase up to tenfold. This phenomenon, known as "browning," has unknown consequences for aquatic organisms.

Rational choices elicit stronger sense of agency in brain and behavior.

The sense of agency is the subjective feeling of control over one's own actions and the associated outcomes. Here, we asked whether and to what extent the reasons behind our choices (operationalized by value differences, expected utility, and counterfactual option sets) drive our sense of agency. We simultaneously tested these three dimensions during a novel value-based decision-making task while recording explicit (self-reported) and implicit (brain signals) measures of agency.

What makes a trauma 'pathological'? - Perceived peritraumatic threat influences the development of intrusive memories.

Intrusions are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While dysfunctional cognitions are known posttraumatic contributors, peritraumatic processes are less understood. Perceived threat, alongside emotional factors, is theorized as significant, but experimental studies are lacking.

Elucidating therapist differences: Therapists' interpersonal skills and their effect on treatment outcome.

Objective: Therapists differ in their average treatment outcomes. However, it remains unclear which characteristics differentiate more from less effective therapists. This study examined the association between therapist interpersonal skills and treatment outcome as well as the moderating effect of initial impairment.

The cost of fear: Impairments of decision-making in specific phobia.

Background: Decision-making processes may play a pivotal role in the etiology and maintenance of specific phobia. However, empirical evidence is limited. This study examined whether decision-making is only impaired in presence of fear-related stimuli or whether general impairments exist but are more pronounced in the presence of fear-related stimuli.

Oil palm smallholders and the road to certification: Insights from Indonesia.

Smallholder-managed oil palm plantations are a major driver of economic welfare and rural development. However, compared to industrial producers, smallholders are associated with lower farm productivity and disproportionately higher rates of illegal land clearing. Therefore, a balance must be struck between mitigating adverse externalities and strengthening favorable outcomes to ensure smallholders' sustainable integration into the palm oil industry.

Designing an online BCI forum: insights from researchers and end-users.

Objective: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can support non-muscular communication and device control for severely paralyzed people. However, efforts that directly involve potential or actual end-users and address their individual needs are scarce, demonstrating a translational gap. An online BCI forum supported by the BCI Society could initiate and sustainably strengthen interactions between BCI researchers and end-users to bridge this gap.

Differential effects of warming on carbon budget, photosynthetic yield and biochemical composition of cold-temperate and Arctic isolates of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae).

Cold-temperate and Arctic hard bottom coastal ecosystems are dominated by kelp forests, which have a high biomass production and provide important ecosystem services, but are subject to change due to ocean warming. However, the photophysiological response to increasing temperature of ecologically relevant species, such as Laminaria digitata, might depend on the local thermal environment where the population has developed. Therefore, the effects of temperature on growth rate, biochemical composition, maximum quantum yield, photosynthetic quotient and carbon budget of young cultured sporophytes of Laminaria digitata from the Arctic at Spitsbergen (SPT; cultured at 4, 10 and 16 °C) and from the cold-temperate North Sea island of Helgoland (HLG; cultured at 10, 16 and 22 °C) were comparatively analyzed.

Attachment of Hydrogel Patches to Eye Tissue through Gel Transfer using Flexible Foils.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, demands innovative and effective treatments that surpass the limitations of current drug and surgical interventions to lower intraocular pressure. This study describes the generation of cell-repellent hydrogel patches, their deposition on the ocular surface, and a photoinduced chemical binding between the patches and the collagens of the eye. The hydrophilic and protein-repellent hydrogel patch is composed of a copolymer made from dimethylacrylamide and a comonomer unit with anthraquinone moieties.