Exploring the Credibility of Large Language Models for Mental Health Support: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT; Google) and GPT (OpenAI), has introduced significant advancements in natural language processing. These models are increasingly integrated into various applications, including mental health support. However, the credibility of LLMs in providing reliable and explainable mental health information and support remains underexplored.

Association of Year-to-Year Lipid Variability With Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Lipid metabolism in older adults is affected by various factors including biological aging, functional decline, reduced physiologic reserve, and nutrient intake. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism could adversely affect brain health. This study investigated the association between year-to-year intraindividual lipid variability and subsequent risk of cognitive decline and dementia in community-dwelling older adults.

Evaluation of the Recent Dynamics for Funding Medicinal Chemistry Projects in Academia. Results of a Survey Conducted by IUPAC Division VII (Chemistry and Human Health).

Data collected from scholars across twenty-three countries over the past decade (2010-2019) reveals a 40% decrease in financial support for medicinal chemistry projects. The decline is especially notable among projects focused on small organic molecules. This drop in grants indicates a troubling trend that could jeopardize future drug development by undermining research in this crucial field.

Cognitive Deficits in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis Are Linked to Immunotherapy-Resistant White Matter Network Changes.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive deficits represent a major long-term complication of anti-leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E). Although severely affecting patient outcomes, the structural brain changes underlying these deficits remain poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized a link between white matter (WM) networks and cognitive outcomes in LGI1-E.

Fatuamide A, a Hybrid PKS/NRPS Metallophore from a sp. Marine Cyanobacterium Collected in American Samoa.

A structurally novel metabolite, fatuamide A (), was discovered from a laboratory cultured strain of the marine cyanobacterium sp., collected from Faga'itua Bay, American Samoa. A bioassay-guided approach using NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells directed the isolation of fatuamide A, which was obtained from the most cytotoxic fraction.

Protective Coating of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathode Enables Fast Charging in All-Solid-State Batteries.

Improving interfacial stability between cathode active material (CAM) and solid electrolyte (SE) is vital for developing high-performance all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), with compatibility issues among the cell components representing a major challenge. CAM surface coating with a chemically inert ion conductor is a promising approach to suppress side reactions occurring at the cathode interfaces. Another strategy to mitigate mechanical degradation involves utilizing single-crystalline particle morphologies.

MELANOMAS, SARCOMAS, AND RENAL METASTASES IN THE LIVER: HOW TO TREAT?

Liver metastases from melanomas, sarcomas, and renal tumors are less frequent. Treatment and prognosis will depend on whether they are isolated or multiple, size and location, the presence or absence of extrahepatic neoplastic disease, age, stage of the initial disease, initial treatments instituted, time of evolution, and clinical condition of the patient. Recently, a high number of oncological therapies including monotherapy or in combination, neoadjuvants or adjuvants, and immuno-oncological treatments have been developed and tested, increasing disease-free time and survival.

Effects of Hydration and a Hyaluronic Acid-Containing Lozenge on Voice Parameters in Conjunction With a Vocal Loading Test.

Purpose: This study explores the effects of water intake and a hyaluronic acid (HA)-containing lozenge on acoustic measurements and vocal oscillation patterns investigated after a vocal loading test (VLT).

Method: Ten healthy subjects (five females, five males) read out loud a standardized text for 10 min at a target level of 80 dB(A), measured 30 cm from the mouth, under three conditions but each after fasting for 2 hr: (a) drinking 0.7 l of water, (b) sucking an HA-containing lozenge, and (c) neither of both before the VLT.

Early-onset sleep alterations found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are ameliorated by orexin antagonist in mouse models.

Sleep alterations have been described in several neurodegenerative diseases yet are currently poorly characterized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study investigates sleep macroarchitecture and related hypothalamic signaling disruptions in ALS. Using polysomnography, we found that both patients with ALS as well as asymptomatic and mutation carriers exhibited increased wakefulness and reduced non-rapid eye movement sleep.

Correcting a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation by base editing in mice.

Primary mitochondrial disorders are most often caused by deleterious mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we used a mitochondrial DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to introduce a compensatory edit in a mouse model that carries the pathological mutation in the mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) alanine (mt-tRNA) gene. Because the original m.

Exploring the boundary of quantum correlations with a time-domain optical processor.

Contextuality is a hallmark feature of the quantum theory that captures its incompatibility with any noncontextual hidden-variable model. The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-type paradoxes are proofs of contextuality that reveal this incompatibility with deterministic logical arguments. However, the GHZ-type paradox whose events can be included in the fewest contexts and that brings the strongest nonclassicality remains elusive.

Century-long West Antarctic snow accumulation changes induced by tropical teleconnections.

Ice core measurements reveal dipole-like snow accumulation trends over West Antarctica throughout the 20th century, with an increase of >2000 billion metric tons over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land but a decrease of ~500 billion metric tons over Marie Byrd Land. Although atmospheric teleconnections were frequently revealed, linking variability between tropics and higher latitudes on interannual and decadal timescales, centennial-scale teleconnection is absent from literature. Here, using statistical analysis and numerical experiments, we reveal that changes of tropical oceans throughout the 20th century drive the long-term Antarctic snowfall trend.

Tensor networks enable the calculation of turbulence probability distributions.

Predicting the dynamics of turbulent fluids has been an elusive goal for centuries. Even with modern computers, anything beyond the simplest turbulent flows is too chaotic and multiscaled to be directly simulatable. An alternative is to treat turbulence probabilistically, viewing flow properties as random variables distributed according to joint probability density functions (PDFs).

A hyperelastic torque-reversal mechanism for soft joints with compression-responsive transient bistability.

Snap-through, a rapid transition of a system from an equilibrium state to a nonadjacent equilibrium state, is a valuable design element of soft devices for converting a monolithic stimulus into systematic responses with impulsive motions. A common way to benefit from snap-through is to embody it within structures and materials, such as bistable structures. Torque-reversal mechanisms discovered in nature, which harness snap-through instability via muscular forces, may have comparative advantages.

Spherical harmonics texture extraction for versatile analysis of biological objects.

The characterization of phenotypes in cells or organisms from microscopy data largely depends on differences in the spatial distribution of image intensity. Multiple methods exist for quantifying the intensity distribution - or image texture - across objects in natural images. However, many of these texture extraction methods do not directly adapt to 3D microscopy data.

Subunit-specific conductance of single homomeric and heteromeric HCN pacemaker channels at femtosiemens resolution.

In mammals, the four subunit isoforms HCN1-4 assemble to form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channels. Despite the outstanding relevance of HCN channels for organisms, including generating electrical rhythmicity in cardiac pacemaker cells and diverse types of brain neurons, key channel properties are still elusive. In particular, the unitary conductance, of HCN channels is highly controversial.

The chloroplast RNA-binding protein CP29A supports expression during cold acclimation.

The chloroplast genome encodes key components of the photosynthetic light reaction machinery as well as the large subunit of the enzyme central for carbon fixation, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-carboxylase/-oxygenase (RuBisCo). Its expression is predominantly regulated posttranscriptionally, with nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) playing a key role. Mutants of chloroplast gene expression factors often exhibit impaired chloroplast biogenesis, especially in cold conditions.

European ILD registry algorithm for self-assessment in interstitial lung diseases (eurILDreg ASA-ILD).

Background And Aims: Predicting progression and prognosis in Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD), especially Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis (PPF), remains a challenge. Integrating patient-centered measurements is essential for earlier and safer detection of disease progression. Home monitoring through e-health technologies, such as spirometry and oximetry connected to smartphone applications, holds promise for early detection of ILD progression or acute exacerbations, enabling timely therapeutic interventions.

The European regulatory system for plant protection products-cause of a "Silent Spring" or highly advanced and protective?

Current publications that are shaping public perception repeatedly claim that residues of plant protection products (PPP) in the environment demonstrate gaps in assessing the exposure and effects of PPP, allegedly revealing the inability of the European regulatory system to prevent environmental contamination and damage such as biodiversity decline. The hypothesis is that environmental risk assessments rely on inappropriate predictive models that underestimate exposure and do not explicitly account for the impact of combinations of environmental stressors and physiological differences in stress responses. This article puts this criticism into context to allow for a more balanced evaluation of the European regulatory system for PPP.

REACH assessment of humans exposed to chemicals indirectly via the environment: screening modeling in EUSES versus state of the science.

The assessment of humans indirectly exposed to chemicals via the environment (HvE) is an assessment element of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is the default screening tool, aimed at prioritizing chemicals for further refinement/higher tier assessment. This review summarizes the approach used in EUSES, evaluates the state of the science in human exposure modeling via the environment, and identifies areas for further research to strengthen the confidence and applicability of EUSES for assessing HvE.

Sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates establishment of the hair follicle stem cell compartment.

Sphingolipids serve as building blocks of membranes to ensure subcellular compartmentalization and facilitate intercellular communication. How cell type-specific lipid compositions are achieved and what is their functional significance in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance has remained unclear. Here, we identify a stem cell-specific role for ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) in orchestrating fate decisions in skin epidermis.

The genetic architecture of resistance to flubendiamide insecticide in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).

Insecticide resistance is a major problem in food production, environmental sustainability, and human health. The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a globally distributed crop pest affecting over 300 crop species. H.

"They never appear on TV and if they have, I might have missed that moment." How publics in South Africa and Germany view visible scientists.

Academic interest in scientists who regularly appear in the media dates back to Rae Goodell's seminal book "The visible scientists", in which she lists distinct characteristics of visible scientists, including being controversial, articulate, colorful, and reputable as a scientist. Visible scientists thus share relevant media-related characteristics that stand out in their portrayal as a group and are reminiscent of other celebrities' characteristics. However, questions arise: what is special about the celebrity being a scientist? How many and what types of scientists fall into this category? What are the peers' and the public's expectations towards the social role of the visible scientist? To date, work on visible scientists has focused on theorizing them in the context of the relationship between science and its publics and empirical studies have mainly sought to characterize visible scientists and focused on single countries.