Improving timing resolution of BGO for TOF-PET: a comparative analysis with and without deep learning.

Background: The renewed interest in BGO scintillators for TOF-PET is driven by the improved Cherenkov photon detection with new blue-sensitive SiPMs. However, the slower scintillation light from BGO causes significant time walk with leading edge discrimination (LED), which degrades the coincidence time resolution (CTR). To address this, a time walk correction (TWC) can be done by using the rise time measured with a second threshold.

Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism with Edoxaban over 18 Months: Results from ETNA-VTE Europe.

Background:  The benefits and risks of extending anticoagulant treatment beyond the first 3 to 6 months in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in clinical practice are not well understood.

Methods:  ETNA-VTE Europe is a prospective, noninterventional, post-authorization study in unselected patients with VTE treated with edoxaban in eight European countries for up to 18 months. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death were the primary study outcomes.

Hydrogen Sensing via Heterolytic H2 Activation at Room Temperature by Atomic Layer Deposited Ceria.

Ultrathin atomic layer deposited ceria films (< 20 nm) are capable of H2 heterolytic activation at room temperature, undergoing a significant reduction regardless of the absolute pressure, as measured under in-situ conditions by near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ALD-ceria can gradually reduce as a function of H2 concentration under H2/O2 environments, especially for diluted mixtures below 10%. At room temperature, this reduction is limited to the surface region, where the hydroxylation of the ceria surface induces a charge transfer towards the ceria matrix, reducing Ce4+ cations to Ce3+.

Ion permeability profiles of renal paracellular channel-forming claudins.

Aim: Members of the claudin protein family are the major constituents of tight junction strands and determine the permeability properties of the paracellular pathway. In the kidney, each nephron segment expresses a distinct subset of claudins that form either barriers against paracellular solute transport or charge- and size-selective paracellular channels. It was the aim of the present study to determine and compare the permeation properties of these renal paracellular ion channel-forming claudins.

Phosphoproteomics for studying signaling pathways evoked by hormones of the renin-angiotensin system: A source of untapped potential.

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a complex neuroendocrine system consisting of a single precursor protein, angiotensinogen (AGT), which is processed into various peptide hormones, including the angiotensins [Ang I, Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-9), Ang-(1-7), Ang-(1-5), etc] and Alamandine-related peptides [Ang A, Alamandine, Ala-(1-5)], through intricate enzymatic pathways. Functionally, the RAS is divided into two axes with opposing effects: the classical axis, primarily consisting of Ang II acting through the AT receptor (ATR), and in contrast the protective axis, which includes the receptors Mas, ATR and MrgD and their respective ligands. A key area of RAS research is to gain a better understanding how signaling cascades elicited by these receptors lead to either "classical" or "protective" effects, as imbalances between the two axes can contribute to disease.

[Utilization of healthcare services by young adults with first psychotic episodes at the FRITZ am Urban in Berlin considering the migration background].

Background: In Germany, there are hardly any studies that investigated the care pathways in the early course of psychosis and the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and took the migration background into account.

Objective: The study examined whether young adults with (PwM) and without a migration background (PoM) who had a first psychotic episode or first contact with the psychiatric care system within the last 5 years differ in their utilization of care services and DUP.

Material And Methods: The data collection and post hoc analyses were carried out as a part of a cohort study (84 inpatients) at the Early Intervention and Therapy Center (FRITZ) in Berlin.

Concurrent RB1 and P53 pathway disruption predisposes to the development of a primitive neuronal component in high-grade gliomas depending on MYC-driven EBF3 transcription.

The foremost feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent malignant brain tumours in adults, is a remarkable degree of intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity reflecting the coexistence within the tumour bulk of different cell populations displaying distinctive genetic and transcriptomic profiles. GBM with primitive neuronal component (PNC), recently identified by DNA methylation-based classification as a peculiar GBM subtype (GBM-PNC), is a poorly recognized and aggressive GBM variant characterised by nodules containing cells with primitive neuronal differentiation along with conventional GBM areas. In addition, the presence of a PNC component has been also reported in IDH-mutant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), and to a lesser extent to other HGGs, suggesting that regardless from being IDH-mutant or IDH-wildtype, peculiar genetic and/or epigenetic events may contribute to the phenotypic skewing with the emergence of the PNC phenotype.

Huge extrahepatic gallstone on percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tip-a pediatric case report.

Biliary strictures, which are common in the first year after pediatric liver transplantation, are diagnosed and managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. In children undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, early cholangitis is the most common complication while typical catheter-related complications are obstruction, dislodgement, kinking, or fracture. This case report discusses the unique presentation and management of a 5-year-old girl with an incidental percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage-associated extrahepatic gallstone formation following treatment of biliary stricture after pediatric liver transplantation.

Can PSMA PET detect intratumour heterogeneity in histological PSMA expression of primary prostate cancer? Analysis of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [F]PSMA-1007.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane-antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is a promising candidate for non-invasive characterization of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated whether PET with tracers [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [F]PSMA-1007 is capable to depict intratumour heterogeneity of histological PSMA expression.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with biopsy-proven primary PCa without evidence of metastatic disease nor prior interventions were prospectively enrolled.

Grocery Shopping Under Simplified Marginal Value Theorem Predictions.

This study examined whether supermarkets can be considered patches in the marginal value theorem (MVT) sense despite their particular features and whether they are models of human food foraging in resource-dense conditions. On the basis of the MVT, the quantitative relationship between gains in the Euro and patch residence time was modeled as an exponential growth function toward an upper asymptote, allowing the choice of an optimal strategy under diminishing returns. N = 61 participants were interviewed about their current shopping trip and contextual variables at a German supermarket and provided data to estimate relevant model parameters.

Parosmia: Pathophysiology and Management.

Purpose Of Review: Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory disorder in which there is a mismatch between the memory of an odor and the actual experience triggered by an odor. There has been a surge in parosmia-related publications since the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the latest clinical findings, theories on pathophysiology and potential treatment options.

Ultrasmall α-MnO with Low Aspect Ratio: Applications to Electrochemical Multivalent-Ion Intercalation Hosts and Aerobic Oxidation Catalysts.

Hollandite-type α-MnO exhibits exceptional promise in current industrial applications and in advancing next-generation green energy technologies, such as multivalent (Mg, Ca, and Zn) ion battery cathodes and aerobic oxidation catalysts. Considering the slow diffusion of multivalent cations within α-MnO tunnels and the catalytic activity at edge surfaces, ultrasmall α-MnO particles with a lower aspect ratio are expected to unlock the full potential. In this study, ultrasmall α-MnO (<10 nm) with a low aspect ratio (c/a ≈ 2) is synthesized using a newly developed alcohol solution process.

Efficiency of glass ionomer sealant application in reducing hypersensitivity in MIH-molars in schoolchildren immediately and after 12 weeks.

Aim: This prospective clinical study aimed to clinically investigate the efficiency of (GIC) glass-ionomer cement application (Ionostar Plus + Easy Glaze, VOCO) in reducing hypersensitivity in permanent molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation when assessed immediately (15 min) and 12 weeks after its application.

Materials And Methods: Children with at least one hypersensitive MIH-affected permanent molar (MIH-TNI-3 or 4). The pre-treatment status was evaluated and only included if they did not receive a tooth-specific in-office desensitizing treatment within one month.

Momentary physical activity, subjective age, and the moderating role of pain.

Subjective age, that is felt age compared to chronological age, is an important predictor of health and well-being in later life. It can fluctuate from day to day and from one moment to another. Previous cross-sectional and macro-longitudinal studies have shown that feeling younger is related to physical fitness and exercise.

Return to work following traumatic hip dislocation: a prognostic outcome study.

Background: Traumatic hip dislocations are associated with high morbidity and overall limitations of daily living activities. Residual disability inhibits returning to work after severe injuries and minimizes financial independence and social involvement, which are both related to well-being and good health. The aim of this study was to analyze epidemiological and socioeconomic status following traumatic hip dislocations to identify predictors for return to work.

Cost-consequence analysis of early vs. delayed natalizumab use in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a simulation study.

Background: Natalizumab (NAT) is an established disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its use involves complex decision-making, often leading to initial use of lower efficacy therapies. Recently, the first biosimilar NAT was approved, enabling competitive pricing.

Minimally invasive versus open surgery for colonic diverticular disease: a nationwide analysis of German hospital data.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the current rates and outcomes of minimally invasive versus open surgery for colonic diverticular disease in Germany, using a nationwide dataset.

Methods: We analyzed data from 36 hospitals, encompassing approximately 1.25 million hospitalizations from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023.

Superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm: microsurgical vs. endovascular treatment.

This study aimed to provide an updated evidence of superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysms management, including their clinical implications, predictive factors for rupture, therapeutic approaches, and post-treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, assessed the literature on superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on coiling and clipping interventions.

Analysis of radiation oncology integration within general practitioners' daily patient care: a cross-sectional survey in Germany.

Purpose: General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in providing interdisciplinary care for radiation oncology patients. This study aims to understand the specific needs and challenges faced by general practitioners in Germany when treating oncology patients.

Methods: A comprehensive web-based questionnaire with 24 items was disseminated to GPs in Germany via email using survio.

A multi-molecular beam/infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy apparatus for probing mechanisms and kinetics of heterogeneously catalyzed reaction from ultrahigh vacuum to near-ambient pressure conditions.

A novel multi-molecular beam/infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) apparatus is described, which was constructed for studying mechanisms and kinetics of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions following a rigorous surface science approach in the pressure range from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, 1 × 10-10 mbar) to near-ambient pressure (NAP, 1000 mbar) conditions. The apparatus comprises a preparation chamber equipped with standard surface science tools required for the preparation and characterization of model heterogeneous catalysts and two reaction chambers operating at different pressure ranges: in UHV and in the variable pressure range up to NAP conditions. The UHV reaction chamber contains two effusive molecular beams (flux up to 1.

Me2Se and Me2Te: their structures and synergistic effects of halogen/chalcogen bonding with C6F5Br and C6F5I.

This work combines halogen and chalcogen bonding. Short, polarity directed C-X⋅⋅⋅Ch (X = Br or I, Ch = Se or Te) contacts were prepared by in situ low-temperature cocrystallization of liquid mixtures of neutral pentafluorohalogenobenzenes C6F5X and dimethyl chalco-genides Me2Ch. Solid-state structures of Me2Se and Me2Te were determined 150 and 125 years after their first description.

Accessing the Past: A Sediment Core Revealing Anthropogenic Impacts of Technology-Critical Elements on the Marine Environment.

One group of elements attracting more and more attention are so-called technology-critical elements (TCEs). In comparison with legacy pollutants, the anthropogenic impact of TCEs on the environment might still be minor, but various applications introduce them to the most remote places in the world including the marine environment. One area prone to pollution is the Baltic Sea, partly due to the lack of water exchange with the North Sea.

The continuing significance of chiral agrochemicals.

Chemical crop protection is one of the most cost-effective methods for agriculture, as crop failures can be prevented, and sustainable growth can be enabled regardless of the seasons. Agricultural production must be significantly increased in the future to meet the food needs of a growing world population. However, the continued loss of established active ingredients due to consumer perceptions, changing needs of farmers and ever-changing regulatory requirements is higher than annually new active ingredients introduced to the market.