Photoswitching Lanthanoid Luminescence with Diazocines.

The unique photophysical properties of the lanthanoids provide the core functionality for various high-tech applications including optoelectronic materials, lasers, anti-counterfeiting dyes or tools for biological sciences. Combination of these luminophores with photoswitches has the potential to make them remote controllable and adds new layers of complexity to their applications. We herein report that such a photomodulation of EuIII, TbIII and YbIII luminescence is possible with the aid of diazocine photoswitches.

Z-Selective Alkyne Semireduction by an Organic Photoreductant.

The semireduction of alkynes is an indispensable transformation for the synthesis of Z-alkenes. Although extensive studies with mostly transition metal-based catalysts have enabled it to produce a broad scope of alkenes, a Scifinder search and a robustness screen of Lindlar's catalyst indicate that highly Lewis-basic nitrogen and sulfur-containing motifs, which are prevalent in drugs, remain problematic. Herein, we report an alkyne semi-reduction using an organic photoreductant that tolerates all 10 of the most common Lewis-basic motifs in drugs.

Synthesis and Properties of Cyclic Imide Extended Diazocines: Tweezer-Like, Rigid Photoswitches with Large Switching Amplitudes.

Diazocines are bridged azobenzenes with improved photophysical properties. One of the main features is the fact that, unlike the azobenzenes, the Z form is more stable than the E isomer. Another important property is the more rigid structure (tricyclic), which precisely defines the molecular movement.

Disparate X-linked retinoschisis phenotypes in fraternal twins with the same pathogenic variant in the gene.

Introduction: In X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), the RS1 pathogenic variant and the patient's age might be the most important determinants of the XLRS phenotype. In this case report, we present fraternal twins with the same RS1 pathogenic mutation who were examined at the same age yet exhibited significantly different phenotypes.

Methods: This is a retrospective case report.

Alpha-Oscillatory Current Application Impacts Prospective Remembering Through Strategic Monitoring.

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to execute future intentions. PM requires engagement of attentional networks, in which oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency range has been implicated. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal cortex are assumed to be engaged during PM tasks.

Differences in the surgical and financial burden of four protocols for unilateral cleft lip and palate.

The treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) involves up to four primary surgeries to restore oral function. This study was performed to evaluate the surgical burden and direct healthcare costs of four UCLP surgical protocols at Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, to guide optimal protocol selection. This retrospective cohort study included UCLP patients treated during 1990-2024.

Impact of insomnia: Cultural and societal aspects from a European survey.

Objectives: This European study explored the cultural and societal aspects of chronic insomnia by means of a survey undertaken in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The primary objectives were to understand the impact of insomnia on the daily lives of patients, both personally and professionally, and to evaluate the patients' perceptions and coping strategies thus identifying cultural differences in the management of this disorder.

Methods: Based on online panels targeting insomnia sufferers, the survey included 755 patients aged 35 to 65 years with moderate to severe insomnia for at least three months, occurring at least three times per week (DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder, ISI score 15-28).

Chitin and chitosan from shellfish waste and their applications in agriculture and biotechnology industries.

A shellfish processing plant generates only 30-40% of edible meat, while 70-60% of portions are considered inedible or by-products. This large amount of byproduct or shellfish processing waste contains 20-40% chitin, that can be extracted using chemical or greener alternative extraction technologies. Chitin and its derivative (chitosan) are natural polysaccharides with nontoxicity, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties.

Assessing the impact of Lithuania's 2018 alcohol marketing ban on adolescent alcohol use by comparing trends with five EU control countries: a study protocol for a secondary data analysis.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption poses a significant health risk, contributing to 10% of deaths in the WHO European Region. To combat this, the WHO recommends the implementation of its 'best buy' policies-three cost-effective alcohol policies that include higher taxes, restricted availability and marketing bans. While evidence links alcohol marketing to increased consumption, the effectiveness of marketing bans in decreasing alcohol use remains inconclusive.

Xerosis cutis and Wounded Skin in Modern Art: Two Works by Alberto Burri.

The human skin has been a subject of medicine and art. The interest in the interaction of skin and the inner body had increased after the establishment of anatomy as a science long before dermatology was acknowledged as a medical discipline. In painting the body surface, the Inkarnat (flesh tone) represents a mixture of the superficial epidermis and dermis, plus the deeper musculature and vasculature, each contributing to the skin color.

New Definitions and Subtypes of Chronic Prurigo.

Over the past few years, chronic prurigo, including prurigo nodularis, has become a focal point of considerable research attention, resulting in enhanced insights into this condition. For over two centuries, the term "prurigo" has been utilized in dermatology, often applied loosely to describe a range of pruritic, papulous conditions lacking clear diagnostic criteria. In 2017, the term "chronic prurigo" was introduced, delineating chronic prurigo including prurigo nodularis as a distinct disease entity characterized by chronic pruritus, a characteristic clinical history, and physical signs such as excoriations and the presence of pruriginous lesions.

Transcriptomic analysis of intracellular RNA granules and small extracellular vesicles: Unmasking their overlap in a cell model of Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) arises from the abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat in the HTT gene. The mutant CAG repeat triggers aberrant RNA-protein interactions and translates into toxic aggregate-prone polyglutamine protein. These aberrant RNA-protein ineractions also seed the formation of cytoplasmic liquid-like granules, such as stress granules.

Corticosteroid use to mitigate transaminitis-associated decline in FVIII levels following valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy: clinical practice guidance.

Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is the only factor VIII (FVIII) gene therapy currently approved for adults with severe hemophilia A in Europe and the USA. Elevated alanine transaminase (transaminitis) has been the most common adverse event observed during valoctocogene roxaparvovec clinical trials. Typically mild and transient, this marker of hepatocyte injury coincides, in some patients, with reduced FVIII levels and is generally managed with a reactive course of corticosteroids.

Mapping the landscape of neuroscience research trend(s) in South Asia: A bibliometric analysis of 25 years (1995-2019).

In depth analysis of publication trends can help in finding out strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. South Asia (SA), with its unique demographic and epidemiological characteristics, is considered a valuable region for health research, particularly in neuroscience. There is a clear need of data which should reflect heterogenous neuroscience research outputs of the SA region and help in devising new trends to boost its research landscape.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates transcription of the inhibin B co-receptor, TGFBR3L, via early growth response 1.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a product of pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates gonadal function and fertility. FSH production is stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and activin-class ligands of the TGFβ family. Inhibin A and B are TGFβ proteins that suppress FSH synthesis by competitively binding activin type II receptors in concert with the co-receptors betaglycan (TGFBR3) and TGFBR3L.

Phenotypic advantages and improved genomic stability following selection in advanced selfing-generations of Brassica allohexaploids.

Allopolyploids often exhibit advantages in vigor and adaptability compared to diploids. A long-term goal in the economically important Brassica genus has been to develop a new allohexaploid crop type (AABBCC) by combining different diploid and allotetraploid crop species. However, early-generation allohexaploids often face challenges like unstable meiosis and low fertility, and the phenotypic performance of these synthetic lines has rarely been assessed.

Designing the next generation of clinical trials in intermediate AMD- a consensus driven, pragmatic, proof of concept early intervention study.

A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of AMD has yielded potential therapeutic strategies for slowing vision loss. Structural imaging biomarkers and novel functional outcomes, both under intensive study as surrogate endpoints in AMD clinical trials, are new granular tools needed to assess disease progression and follow response to therapy. These advances have created, for the first time, the possibility to intervene early in AMD, and to measure success in a time frame feasible for clinical trials.

Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward.

Background: Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well as heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such as risk-taking. Computational models that can dissociate learning from impulsively initiating actions are essential for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying CD.

The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects.

Humanin (HN) is an endogenous micropeptide also known as a mitochondria-derived peptide. It has a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases by improving hippocampal acetylcholine and attenuating the development of oxidative stress and associated neurotoxicity. HN protects the neuron from the toxic effects of amyloid beta (Aβ).

Uncovering risk factors of premature mortality in Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID).

Background: Among patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with complications of immune dysregulation (CVIDc) have higher mortality rates compared to those with infection-only presentation (CVIDio). Therefore, identifying predictive markers of premature mortality among CVIDc patients is crucial.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective exploratory study was to describe the mortality in a large tertiary referral center and compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of CVIDc patients who died prematurely with a group of matched living CVIDc control patients to identify potential indicators of premature death.

Aerosol mass concentrations and dry/wet deposition of atmospheric microplastics at a remote coastal location in New Zealand.

This study quantified airborne microplastic concentrations by mass and number counts using both active and passive sampling at a remote coastal location in Southern New Zealand. Seven polymers were quantified using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) in atmospheric samples, finding that plastics comprised at least 0.14% of total suspended particulate mass at the remote coastal site.

IRF2BP2 Deficiency: An important form of common variable immunodeficiency with inflammation.

Background: Interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein-2 (IRF2BP2) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in regulating immune pathways, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Defects in this gene have been implicated in immunodeficiency.

Objective: To deepen the understanding of the clinical implications of IRF2BP2 variants, we sought to clinically characterize and functionally test thirty-four individuals with IRF2BP2 variants.

Stability and inactivation of hepatitis A virus on inanimate surfaces.

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the leading causes of viral hepatitis with an estimated 159 million acute infections annually. The primary route of transmission is faecal-orally through contaminated drinking water and food. Limited data regarding its surface stability and sensitivity to surface disinfectants is available.

Safety and activity of talquetamab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MonumenTAL-1): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1-2 study.

Background: Talquetamab is the first GPRC5D × CD3 bispecific antibody approved for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. In phase 1 of the MonumenTAL-1 study, initial results of subcutaneous talquetamab 0·4 mg/kg once a week and 0·8 mg/kg every 2 weeks showed preliminary clinical activity. We describe safety and activity results in patients treated with talquetamab, including patients who had received previous T-cell redirection therapy (TCR).