A Digital Tool (Technology-Assisted Problem Management Plus) for Lay Health Workers to Address Common Mental Health Disorders: Co-production and Usability Study in Pakistan.

Background: Mental health remains among the top 10 leading causes of disease burden globally, and there is a significant treatment gap due to limited resources, stigma, limited accessibility, and low perceived need for treatment. Problem Management Plus, a World Health Organization-endorsed brief psychological intervention for mental health disorders, has been shown to be effective and cost-effective in various countries globally but faces implementation challenges, such as quality control in training, supervision, and delivery. While digital technologies to foster mental health care have the potential to close treatment gaps and address the issues of quality control, their development requires context-specific, interdisciplinary, and participatory approaches to enhance impact and acceptance.

Segment specific loss of NFAT5 function in the kidneys is sufficient to induce a global kidney injury like phenotype.

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcription factor known for its role in osmotic stress adaptation in the renal inner medulla, due to the osmotic gradient that is generated between the renal cortex and renal inner medulla. However, its broader implications in kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less understood. Here we used two different Cre deleter mice (Ksp1.

The divergent reactivity of β-diketiminato aluminium hydrides with organophosphoryl compounds.

The reactions of LAlH (L = HC(CMeNAr), Ar = 2,6-PrCH) (1) with diphenylphosphane oxide [PhP(O)H], diphenylphosphinamide [PhP(O)NH], and diaryl/alkyl phosphane [(RO)P(O)H (R = Ph, or Pr)] afford their corresponding compounds with compositions LAl(H)OP(Ph) (2), LAl[OP(Ph)] (3), LAl{[N(H)P(O)(Ph)][OP(Ph)]} (4), LAl(OPr) (5), and LAl(OPh) (6), respectively. These reactions probably undergo a process of dehydrogenation coupling, deaminating dehydrogenation coupling, or chain-breaking coupling. It is noteworthy to mention that the reaction of compound 1 with 2 equiv.

Net Benefit of Early Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The net clinical effect of early vs later direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether early DOAC treatment is associated with a net clinical benefit (NCB).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a post hoc analysis of the Early Versus Late Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Post-Ischaemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) open-label randomized clinical trial conducted across 103 sites in 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia between November 6, 2017, and September 12, 2022, with a 90-day follow-up.

Aspirin Plus Rivaroxaban Versus Rivaroxaban Alone for the Prevention of Venous Stent Thrombosis Among Patients With Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: The Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Open-label ARIVA Trial.

Background: In patients with post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), stent recanalization of iliofemoral veins or the inferior vena cava can restore venous patency and improve functional outcomes. The risk of stent thrombosis is particularly increased during the first 6 months after intervention. The ARIVA trial tested whether daily aspirin 100 mg plus rivaroxaban 20 mg is superior to rivaroxaban 20 mg alone to prevent stent thrombosis within 6 months after stent placement for PTS.

What Next for the Science of Patient Preference? Interoperability, Standardization, and Transferability.

Using patient preference information (PPI) to incorporate patient voices into the drug development lifecycle can help align therapies with the needs and values of patients. However, several barriers have limited the use of PPI, including a lack of clarity on its use by decision-makers, a need for greater decision-maker trust in PPI, and a lack of time, budgets, and access to specialist expertise. The value proposition for PPI could be enhanced by making it FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

Assessing Preferences of Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria for Injectable Treatment Profiles.

Background: In the context of injectable biologic products approved or in development for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), it is important to capture which treatment attributes matter most to patient and what trade-offs patients are willing to make.

Objectives: The CHOICE-CSU study aimed to quantify patient preferences toward injectable treatment attributes among patients with CSU, inadequately controlled by H1-antihistamines.

Methods: This was a two-phase cross-sectional patient preference study in adult patients with a diagnosis of CSU, inadequately controlled by H1-antihistamines.

MR imaging of proton beam-induced oxygen depletion.

Background: Previous studies have shown that in-beam magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize a proton beam during the irradiation of liquid-filled phantoms. The beam energy- and current-dependent local image contrast observed in water was identified to be predominantly caused by beam-induced buoyant convection and associated flow effects. Besides this flow dependency, the MR signal change was found to be characterized by a change in the relaxation time of water, hinting at a radiochemical contribution, which was hypothesized to lie in oxygen depletion-evoked relaxation time lengthening.

Pharmacoinformatics-based screening and construction of a neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 camelidae nanobody drug conjugate.

Nanobodies or variable antigen-binding domains (VH) derived from heavy chain-only antibodies (HcAb) occurring in the Camelidae family offer certain superior physicochemical characteristics like enhanced stability, solubility, and low immunogenicity compared to conventional antibodies. Their efficient antigen-binding capabilities make them a preferred choice for next-generation small biologics. In the present work, we design an anti-SARS-CoV-2 bi-paratopic nanobody drug conjugate by screening a nanobody database.

Can surgeons trust AI? Perspectives on machine learning in surgery and the importance of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

Purpose: This brief report aims to summarize and discuss the methodologies of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and their potential applications in surgery.

Methods: We briefly introduce explainability methods, including global and individual explanatory features, methods for imaging data and time series, as well as similarity classification, and unraveled rules and laws.

Results: Given the increasing interest in artificial intelligence within the surgical field, we emphasize the critical importance of transparency and interpretability in the outputs of applied models.

Assessment of Reperfusion Efficacy of Altelyse Versus Actilyse in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and fibrinolytic or thrombolytic therapy are common treatments for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more effective than thrombolytic therapy, but fibrinolytic therapy is still a preferable option for patients with limited access to healthcare. Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used to treat acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism.

Robotic Anatomical Segment VIII Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the Scissor Hepatectomy Technique.

Background: Robotic hepatectomy has been increasingly adopted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the ideal technique of parenchymal transection in robotic hepatectomy has been a matter of ongoing debate in literature.

Patients And Methods: In this video, we demonstrate the technique of robotic anatomical segment VIII resection using the scissor hepatectomy technique for parenchymal transection on a 75-year-old male patient with a solitary HCC lesion.

Using Social Media to Promote Life Skills Among Adolescents: A Debate on Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications for Health and Education.

The digitalization of society increasingly blurs boundaries between analog and digital worlds, offering opportunities such as telemedicine and global connectivity through digital platforms. However, it also presents risks, including cyberbullying, addiction potential, harmful content, misinformation, and privacy concerns from data breaches and surveillance technologies. Social media, with its global reach, amplifies both opportunities for positive engagement and the responsibility to navigate largely unregulated content.

Pelvic ring fracture and erectile dysfunction (PERFECD) - 3 year follow-up cross sectional study.

Introduction: Pelvic ring fractures are known to be associated with complications associated with adjacent organ injuries, such as the urogenital tract (e.g. erectile dysfunction (ED), which are sometimes diagnosed in a delayed fashion.

[HEW score-a tool for the homogenisation of donor registrations to the DSO : Multicentre retrospective analysis of three university hospitals].

Background: The persistently low number of postmortem organ donations in Germany has repeatedly led to political discussions and most recently to the amendment of the Transplantation Act with the strengthening of the role of the transplantation officer and the introduction of a register to document the will to donate. The background to these decisions was the assumption that a relevant proportion of potential organ donors in hospitals were being overlooked and not reported. However, due to the lack of guidelines as to when a potential organ donor must be reported to the DSO ("Deutsche Stiftung Organspende"), the existing data is only of limited validity.

Ross procedure for aortic regurgitation versus stenosis in adults with and without autograft support.

Objectives: The Ross procedure for aortic regurgitation (AR) and abnormal aortic valve morphologies is associated with an increased risk of autograft dilatation. Autograft support may ameliorate this problem. We analyzed the results for all haemodynamic lesions and the effect of autograft support.

Cancer risk in carriers of TP53 germline variants grouped into different functional categories.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic TP53 germline variants and associated with a high lifelong cancer risk. We analysed the German LFS registry that contains data on 304 individuals. Cancer phenotypes were correlated with variants grouped according to their ability to transactivate target genes in a yeast assay using a traditional (non-functional, partially-functional) and a novel (clusters A, B, C) classification of variants into different groups.

Green quantification of amino(poly)phosphonates using ion chromatography coupled to integrated pulsed amperometric detection.

Aminopolyphosphonates (APPs) are widely used as chelating agents, and their increasing release into the environment has raised concerns due to their transformation into aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyphosate, compounds of controversial environmental impact. This transformation highlights the urgent need for detailed studies under controlled conditions. Despite the availability of various methods for quantifying individual aminopolyphosphonates and aminomonophosphonates, a green, low-cost approach for the simultaneous quantification of APPs and their transformation products in laboratory experiments has been lacking.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Hospital.

Background: An increasing number of older people are being treated in German hospitals. In 2022, more than 35.7 million hospitalized patients in Germany were of age 65 or older.

Evaluating robustly standardized explainable anomaly detection of implausible variables in cancer data.

Objectives: Explanations help to understand why anomaly detection algorithms identify data as anomalous. This study evaluates whether robustly standardized explanation scores correctly identify the implausible variables that make cancer data anomalous.

Materials And Methods: The dataset analyzed consists of 18 587 truncated real-world cancer registry records containing 8 categorical variables describing patients diagnosed with bladder and lung tumors.