Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Changes in speech and language functions have shown to be early symptoms of AD pathology. Recent developments in automatic speech and language processing have opened avenues for objective assessments of these changes. The primary objective of this study is to explore whether speech and language markers extracted from cognitive testing conducted during an automated phone call differ according to underlying AD pathology as measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in preclinical or early stage individuals.

Small-angle neutron scattering differentiates molecular-level structural models of nanoparticle interfaces.

The highly anisotropic and nonadditive nature of nanoparticle surfaces restricts their characterization by limited types of techniques that can reach atomic or molecular resolution. While small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a unique tool for analyzing complex systems, it has been traditionally considered a low-resolution method due to its limited scattering vector range and wide wavelength spread. In this article, we present a novel perspective on SANS by showcasing its exceptional capability to provide molecular-level insights into nanoparticle interfaces.

Recipient sex and donor leukemic cell characteristics determine leukemogenesis in patient-derived models.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemogenesis depends on cell-intrinsic genetic aberrations and thus, studies on AML require investigations in an in vivo setting as provided by patient derived xenografts (PDX) models. Here we report that, next to leukemic cell characteristics, recipient sex highly influences the outgrowth of AML cells in PDX models, with females being much better repopulated than males in primary as well as secondary transplantation assays. Testosterone may be the more important player since, strikingly, better engraftment was seen in castrated versus control male recipients, while ovariectomy did not significantly impair engraftment in females.

Prognostic factors in patients with localized and metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from two studies and two registries of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe CWS.

Background: The histologic classification of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) as alveolar (aRMS) or embryonal (eRMS) is of prognostic importance, with the aRMS being associated with a worse outcome. Specific gene fusions (PAX3/7::FOXO1) found in the majority of aRMS have been recognized as markers associated with poor prognosis and are included in current risk stratification instead of histologic subtypes in localized disease. In metastatic disease, the independent prognostic significance of fusion status has not been definitively established.

Pretreatment Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients: Comparison With Healthy Controls and Associations With Biopsychosocial Variables.

Objective: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common burdens of cancer patients. To date, most studies focused on fatigue during or after treatment. However, investigation of pretreatment fatigue is crucial to identify causal or risk factors other than cancer therapy and to enable timely fatigue management.

Differences in association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality among younger versus older patients on haemodialysis.

Background: Ageing often affects biomarker production. Yet, clinical/optimal thresholds to guide clinical decisions do not consider this. Serum albumin decreases with age, but hypoalbuminaemia is defined as serum albumin <4.

Toll-like receptor adaptor protein TIRAP has specialized roles in signaling, metabolic control and leukocyte migration upon wounding in zebrafish larvae.

The TIRAP protein is an adaptor protein in TLR signaling which links TLR2 and TLR4 to the adaptor protein Myd88. The transcriptomic profiles of zebrafish larvae from a , and mutant and the corresponding wild type controls under unchallenged developmental conditions revealed a specific involvement of in calcium homeostasis and myosin regulation. Metabolomic profiling showed that the mutation results in lower glucose levels, whereas a mutation leads to higher glucose levels.

Smad2 Cooperating with TGIF2 Contributes to EMT and Cancer Stem Cells Properties in Pancreatic Cancer via Co-Targeting SOX2.

The underlying mechanisms between cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. In this study, we identified TGIF2 as a target gene of CSC using sncRNA and machine learning. TGIF2 is closely related to the expression of SOX2, EGFR, and E-cadherin, indicating poor prognosis.

Advancements in prognostic factors and survival outcomes following pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers.

Surgical treatment of lung metastases originating from head and neck tumors has shown favorable outcomes with low incidence of complications and mortality. This study aims to investigate survival and prognostic factors following pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted through the Medline database, focusing on English-language studies related to surgical treatment of lung metastases from head and neck cancers.

Anti-Mesothelin CAR-NK cells as a novel targeted therapy against cervical cancer.

Resistance to the currently available treatment paradigms is one of the main factors that contributes to poor outcomes in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Novel targeted therapy approaches might enhance the patient's treatment outcome and are urgently needed for this malignancy. While chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR)-based adoptive immunotherapy displays a promising treatment strategy for liquid cancers, their use against cervical cancer is largely unexplored.

Balancing Activity and Stability through Compositional Engineering of Ternary PtNi-Au Alloy ORR Catalysts.

Achieving the optimal balance between cost-efficiency and stability of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is currently among the key research focuses aiming at reaching a broader implementation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To address this challenge, we combine two well-established strategies to enhance both activity and stability of platinum-based ORR catalysts. Specifically, we prepare ternary PtNi-Au alloys, where each alloying element plays a distinct role: Ni reduces costs and boosts ORR activity, while Au enhances stability.

Superior bioavailability of EPA and DHA from a L-lysine salt formulation: a randomized, three-way crossover study.

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with notable health benefits. Due to limited physiological production and insufficient dietary supply, external supplementation is important.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of EPA and DHA in AvailOm omega-3-lysine salt (Lys-FFA) versus standard ethyl ester (EE) and triglyceride (TG) formulations after a single oral dose in healthy subjects.

 (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands.

A newly-discovered endemic tree species of from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated with notes on its distribution, ecology, conservation status and phylogenetic placement. A modification to the existing key to Hawaiian is also provided. is a member of Stone's group having carpels connate at base, capsules 4-lobed and leaves usually opposite.

Biodiversity Change in Cultural Landscapes-The Rural Hotspot Hypothesis.

A dramatic decrease of biodiversity is currently questioning human-environment interactions that have shaped ecosystems over thousands of years. In old cultural landscapes of Central and East European (CEE) countries, a vast species decline has been reported for various taxa although intensive land cultivation has been reduced in favor of agroecological transformation, nature conservation and sustainable land management in the past 30 years. Thus, in the recent history, agricultural intensification cannot solely be discussed as the major driver controlling biodiversity.

Genomics Reveal Population Structure and Intergeneric Hybridization in an Endangered South American Bird: Implications for Management and Conservation.

Genomics is an invaluable tool for conservation, particularly for endangered species impacted by wildlife trafficking. This study uses genomic data to provide new insights to aid conservation and management of endangered species, using as a case study the Yellow cardinal (), a bird endemic to southern South America severely affected by illegal trade and the transformation of its natural habitat. We explore population structure within the Yellow cardinal, delimiting management units and describing connectivity among them.

High-porosity Pt-CeO nanosponges as oxidation catalyst.

Pt-CeO nanosponges (1 wt% Pt) with high surface area (113 m g), high pore volume (0.08 cm g) and small-sized Pt nanoparticles (1.8 ± 0.

The inductive effect does not explain electron density in haloacetates: are our textbooks wrong?

The inductive effect is a central concept in chemistry and is often exemplified by the p values of acetic acid derivatives. The reduction in p is canonically attributed to the reduction in the electron density of the carboxylate group through the inductive effect. However, wave functional theory calculations presented herein reveal that the charge density of the carboxylate group is not explained by the inductive effect.

Annulated carbocyclic gallylene and bis-gallylene with two-coordinated Ga(i) atoms.

The first carbocyclic gallylene [(ADC)Ga(GaI)] and bis-gallylene [(ADC)Ga] (ADC = PhC{N(Dipp)C}; Dipp = 2,6-iPrCH) featuring a central CGa ring annulated between two 1,3-imidazole rings are prepared by KC reductions of [(ADC)GaI]. Treatment of [(ADC)Ga] with Fe(CO) affords complex [(ADC)GaFe(CO)] in which each Ga(i) atom serves as a two-electron donor. [(ADC)Ga] activates white phosphorus (P) and the C -F bond of aryl fluorides (ArF) to yield compounds [(ADC)Ga(P)] and -/-[(ADC)GaF(Ar)], respectively.

Dehydrogenase oxidase function: the interplay between substrate binding and flavin microenvironment.

Redox enzymes, mostly equipped with metal or organic cofactors, can vary their reactivity with oxygen by orders of magnitudes. Understanding how oxygen reactivity is controlled by the protein milieu remains an open issue with broad implications for mechanistic enzymology and enzyme design. Here, we address this problem by focusing on a widespread group of flavoenzymes that oxidize phenolic compounds derived from microbial lignin degradation, using either oxygen or a cytochrome c as electron acceptors.

Improved water, sanitation, hygiene and waste services in health-care facilities, Ukraine.

Problem: Water, sanitation and waste infrastructure and services in Ukrainian health-care facilities often fail to meet global and national standards, hindering the provision of safe, quality care. The war has worsened existing problems.

Approach: To incrementally improve water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and health-care waste practices, the World Health Organization (WHO) is working with the health ministry, the Ukrainian Public Health Centre and regional United States Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) to implement the Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT).

Inconclusive evidence for associations between adverse experiences in adulthood and working memory performance.

Decades of research have shown that adversity tends to be associated with lower working memory (WM) performance. This literature has mainly focused on impairments in the capacity to hold information available in WM for further processing. However, some recent adaptation-based studies suggest that certain types of adversity can leave intact, or even enhance, the ability to rapidly update information in WM.

One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude.

Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene . 1993 .

Unexpected stability of the iron(II) complex by an asymmetrical Schiff base from Fe(III): structure, magnetic and Mössbauer investigations.

The asymmetric Schiff base prepared from ethylenediamine and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde reacts with Fe(ClO)·6HO to form the Fe(II) complex [FeL](ClO) with L = ,-diethyl-'-(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)ethane-1,2-diamine, where the Fe(III) starting material has been unexpectedly reduced to Fe(II). This complex was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction measurements, variable temperature DC magnetic measurement and room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. The asymmetric ligand L coordinates in a tridentate fashion through its pyridyl, azomethine and amino nitrogen atoms, generating a distorted octahedral geometry around the central metal ion.