Creating codes of ethics for public health professionals and institutions.

Background: The World Health Organization and the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region called for the professionalization of the public health workforce, including the creation of codes of ethics. In this article, the Public Health Ethics and Law Network provides guidance on creating such codes, based on values and principles commonly identified for public health.

Methods: Our interest was in codes addressing public health broadly rather than disciplines within public health.

Wear investigation of implant-supported upper removable prothesis with electroplated gold or PEKK secondary crowns.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate, whether polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) secondary crowns could be considered as alternative to gold standard in terms of their physical properties and manufacturing costs.

Methods: An upper jaw model with six implants was used. Frameworks with either 6 PEKK- or 6 electroplated secondary crowns were cemented in a wear simulator.

Leveraging computational modeling to explore epithelial and endothelial cell monolayer mechanobiology.

Endothelial cells (ENCs) and epithelial cells (EPCs) form monolayers whose barrier function is critical for the maintenance of physiological processes and extremely sensitive to mechanical cues. Computational models have emerged as powerful tools to elucidate how mechanical cues impact the behavior of these monolayers in health and disease. Herein, the importance of mechanics in regulating ENC and EPC monolayer behavior is established, highlighting similarities and differences in various biological contexts.

The Co-IMPACT Consortium: Integrating Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Care.

The Co-IMPACT consortium addresses knowledge gaps in prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer by establishing a global database (46 centres from 16 countries) to standardise and analyse data across four distinguished clinical scenarios. A collaborative model with the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference aligns urgent clinical needs with actionable research insights.

Bone mass distribution of 892 distal tibiae and implications for the treatment of medial malleolar fractures.

Background: The medial malleolus is involved in up to 50 % of ankle fractures. When surgery is required, a thorough understanding of bone mass distribution within the distal tibia is crucial for selecting and positioning screws to ensure stable fixation. Despite its clinical significance, data on the bone mass distribution in the distal tibia remains limited.

A Review of Real-World Experience With Ruxolitinib for Myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by progressive bone marrow fibrosis and splenomegaly. Ruxolitinib is the standard-of-care first-line treatment option for MF. This review summarizes real-world effectiveness and safety of ruxolitinib in more than 4500 patients with MF from real-world settings, including expanded-access and phase 4 trials, as well as registry, postmarketing, and retrospective studies in the 10 years since regulatory approval.

Symptom and problem burden, performance status and palliative care phases in specialist palliative care: cross-sectional analysis of care episodes.

Objectives: Palliative care phases (stable, unstable, deteriorating, terminal and bereavement) are useful in describing the palliative care situation of patients/relatives and their care needs as well as the suitability of care plans. Little is known about care setting-specific differences of the phases and their association with burden of symptoms/problems and functional status. We aimed to describe the presence and association of symptom/problem burden and functional status with the palliative care phase at the beginning of care episodes in specialist palliative care units, specialist home care teams and advisory services.

'Captivating voices': evaluation of a patient-centred animated video on excessive physical exercise and eating disorders.

This project aimed to evaluate the acceptance of a short, animated video addressing excessive exercise within the context of eating disorder (ED) behaviours among diverse target groups, assess its impact and explore potential associations with disordered eating risk. An online survey was conducted, recruiting 170 participants who were shown a 3-minute and 11-second long animated video portraying narratives of individuals with lived experiences related to excessive exercise and ED. Participants provided demographic information, engaged in the video evaluation answering a 9-item questionnaire and completed a subsequent ED screening and a drive for muscularity questionnaire.

Retrospective multicenter analysis of the Trenza Embolization Device for endovascular therapy of intracranial aneurysms: initial results and short-term follow-up.

Background: Intrasaccular devices are increasingly used in endovascular therapy of intracranial aneurysms, in particular wide-necked and ruptured aneurysms. The Trenza Embolization Device (TED) is an innovative intrasaccular device for medium- to large-sized aneurysms. Currently, literature about the TED is scarce.

Study protocol for the development and pilot-testing of a Self-assessment tool for the implementation of the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH).

Introduction: In Europe, disparities exist in having access to optimal neonatal care. With the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH), evidence-based reference standards are available which provide guidance to improve the care for preterm and ill newborns. To support healthcare professionals (HCPs) and hospital/clinic management in identifying the extent of ESCNH implementation, a feasible assessment tool is required.

A novel, dominant disease mechanism of distal renal tubular acidosis with specific variants in ATP6V1B1.

Background And Hypothesis: ATP6V1B1 encodes a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) with deafness. Heterozygous variants predicted to affect a specific amino acid, Arg394, have been recurrently reported in dRTA but their significance has been unclear. We hypothesised that these variants are associated with a dominant disease mechanism.

Standardized measurement of the piriformis muscle and the proximal portion of the sacral nerve roots using transvaginal ultrasound.

Objective: To identify the sonomorphological appearance and to measure the thickness of the piriformis muscle (PM) and the proximal portion of the sacral nerve roots S1-S3 in healthy premenopausal women.

Materials And Methods: This prospective multicentric observational study included a consecutive series of women undergoing transvaginal sonography (TVS) at two tertiary gynecological referral centers. Standardized assessment of the pelvic organs was performed followed by an attempt to visualize the right and left PM and sacral nerve roots S1-S3 at their origin in proximity to the sacral neuroforamen.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents-A Diagnostic Pathway.

Olfactory disorders have so far played a subordinate role in pediatric care, although children can also be affected. Due to a lack of awareness, the diagnosis can often only be made after numerous visits to the doctor, although it can significantly impact the quality of life. Olfactory disorders in adults are usually acquired, while congenital causes dominate in children.

Herbivory can increase plant fitness via reduced interspecific competition-evidence from models and mesocosms.

Herbivores are generally considered to reduce plant fitness. However, as in natural communities they often feed on several competing plant species, herbivores can also increase plant fitness by reducing interspecific competition among plants. In this study, we developed a testable model to predict plant fitness in the presence of an interspecific competitor and a herbivore that feeds on both plant species.

The role of exploration and exploitation in primate communication.

The concepts of social learning and exploration have been central to debates in comparative cognition research. While their roles in the origins of human cumulative culture on the one hand and creativity on the other have been highlighted, the two concepts have mostly been studied separately. In this article, we examine the relationship between adopting similar or different behaviours within a group, focusing on how exploration and exploitation shape primate communication systems.

Broad geographic dispersal is not a diversification driver for Emberizoidea.

The movement of species to new geographical areas has been proposed to be crucial for speciation. As such, dispersal has been regarded as a likely explanation for the variation in species richness among clades. The Emberizoidea are a highly diverse Oscine bird clade native to the New World that has been characterized for their ubiquitous distribution both ecologically and geographically, making this group ideal to test how biogeographical dispersal could promote speciation.

Early prenatal but not postnatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with enhanced HPA axis activity into adulthood in a wild primate.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a dual role in the biology of developmental plasticity in mammals, including humans-HPA axis activity not only provides the input for, but is also a target of, offspring developmental plasticity. To investigate the understudied effects of exposure timing, this study quantified maternal HPA axis activity during each half of gestation as well as during early lactation and assessed its effect on offspring HPA axis activity in a cross-sectional sample of infant, juvenile and adult Assamese macaques (). To add ecological validity to experimental studies under laboratory conditions, macaques were studied in the wild.

Dating the origin of a viral domestication event in parasitoid wasps attacking Diptera.

Over the course of evolution, hymenopteran parasitoids have developed a close relationship with heritable viruses, sometimes integrating viral genes into their chromosomes. For example, in parasitoids belonging to the genus, 13 viral genes from the family have been domesticated to deliver immunosuppressive factors to host immune cells, thereby protecting parasitoid offspring from the host immune response. The present study aims to comprehensively characterize this domestication event in terms of the viral genes involved, the wasp diversity affected by this event and its chronology.

A consensus on the definition of positive animal welfare.

The concept of animal welfare is evolving due to progress in our scientific understanding of animal biology and changing societal expectations. Animal welfare science has been primarily concerned with minimizing suffering, but there is growing interest in also promoting positive experiences, grouped under the term positive animal welfare (PAW). However, there are discrepancies in the use of the term PAW.

Utilization of acid whey and oat pomace in succinic acid fermentation.

of this study was to investigate the by-products acid whey and oat pomace as nutrient sources for succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Both by-products provide carbon sources in form of glucose and/or lactose without any pre-treatment. Yields of succinic acid per g total sugars consumed after 24 h were between 0.