Public Health.

Background: Normal aging is associated with alterations of functional connectivity (FC) in brain neuronal networks. Altered network connectivity may be associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Physical activity is considered a beneficial lifestyle factor for maintaining cognitive health.

Public Health.

Background: Using a unique natural randomization, we have recently provided evidence from Welsh electronic health record data that herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination caused a reduction in new dementia diagnoses over a seven-year period. This study aimed to determine whether eligibility for HZ vaccination also caused a reduction in deaths due to dementia in England and Wales over a nine-year follow-up period.

Methods: Adults who had their 80 birthday shortly before September 1 2013 were ineligible for free HZ vaccination and remained ineligible for life, whereas those who had their 80 birthday shortly after September 1 2013 (i.

Public Health.

Background: The prevalence of dementia in people aged 65 and over in the world is approximately 6-10%, two-thirds of these cases are due to Alzheimer disease The frequency of deaths from Alzheimer disease in Ukraine is 0.3 per 100,000 population, while in Great Britain this indicator is 112 per 100,000 people, USA - 82, France - 76, Germany - 51 [1, 2]. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the Odesa region.

Public Health.

Background: Previous trials reported that collaborative Dementia Care Management (cDCM) could be cost-effective in the short term, especially for those living alone. However, long-term evidence is lacking. Therefore, the study's objective was to determine the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cDCM in those living alone compared to those living with a caregiver.

Fractal cycles of sleep, a new aperiodic activity-based definition of sleep cycles.

Sleep cycles are defined as episodes of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep followed by an episode of REM sleep. Fractal or aperiodic neural activity is a well-established marker of arousal and sleep stages measured using electroencephalography. We introduce a new concept of 'fractal cycles' of sleep, defined as a time interval during which time series of fractal activity descend to their local minimum and ascend to the next local maximum.

Usefulness of the maXium high-frequency surgical device in colorectal EMR.

Purpose: High-frequency surgical devices with various functionalities are widely used in Europe and Japan. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the maXium HF surgical device manufactured by KLS Martin (Germany) during endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).

Materials And Methods: The maXium device offers multiple preconfigured modes for incision and coagulation tailored to different surgical procedures.

Public Health.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common etiology of dementia. As the progression of the disease may be slowed down by disease-modifying therapies, but not stopped, research identifying further therapeutic approaches is necessary. Due to the multifactorial etiology of AD, targeting modifiable risk factors for dementia, including diet, is a starting point for preventive interventions.

Public Health.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet, that influence its onset and progression. While the ketogenic diet (KD) holds promise in reducing metabolic risks and potentially affecting AD progression, only a few studies have explored the KD's molecular impact for markers of AD therapeutic potential. The BEAM diet study simultaneously profiled the KD's effect on the lipidome, blood and cerebrospinal metabolome, and microbiome of both cognitively impaired and cognitively normal individuals.

Public Health.

Background: The increasing prevalence of dementia globally, including Germany, necessitates effective strategies to reduce the burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Risk factor prevention plays a crucial role in delaying the onset of severe symptoms and alleviating the strain on resources.

Method: This study focuses on identifying the requirements of a digital healthcare application for risk factor prevention in dementia within the German public healthcare system.

Biomarkers.

Background: The Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease (AMYPAD) Prognostic & Natural History Study (PNHS) is a prospective longitudinal PET cohort of over 1,500 non-demented individuals from 10 parent cohorts across Europe. We provide an overview of ongoing efforts to curate and integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multimodal images across sites and to extract biologically meaningful information (i.e.

Biomarkers.

Background: Analysis of neuroimaging data based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve detection of clinically relevant characteristics of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group developed a CNN-based approach for detecting AD via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and for identifying features that are relevant to the decision of the network. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential utility of applying this approach to MRI scans to assist in the identification of individuals at high risk for amyloid positivity to aid in the selection of study samples and case finding for treatment.

Biomarkers.

Background: Less adequate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with several aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are known contributors to the clinical outcome - progressive cognitive decline [1]. AD-associated biomolecular changes also seem to be attenuated in carriers of the functionally advantageous variant of the KLOTHO gene (KL-VS) [2]. While KL-VS and CRF both appear to mitigate aspects of AD pathology, they have been exclusively studied in isolation.

Biomarkers.

Background: Memory clinic patients typically present with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) to varying degrees. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the etiology of cognitive deficits for facilitating patient-centered treatment in memory clinics. Plasma biomarkers (ptau, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein [GFAP], Neurofilament light chain [NfL]) and fixel-based advanced diffusion MRI markers (fiber density, fiber-bundle cross-section) show potential towards disentangling AD- and SVD-related brain changes (Dewenter et al.

Biomarkers.

Background: The relationship between sleep and AD is unclear: sleep problems may contribute to AD pathogenesis, but the spreading of AD pathology across the brain may also de-regulate sleep. What aspect of sleep is relevant in which disease phase is also unclear, as many studies are based on questionnaires. We study sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, objectively measured using an activity tracker to shed light on sleep disturbances across the AD spectrum.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent developments in physiological and digital biomarkers provide an opportunity to shift the first diagnostic steps to the home-setting, thus allowing earlier detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood-based, magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiological, digital and microbiome biomarkers have shown great promise and call for an evaluation of their accuracy, feasibility and safety in primary care and the community. The aim of PREDICTOM is to develop and test the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) driven screening platform for the prediction and early detection of AD and to extend the clinical pathway to home-based screening using established and novel biomarkers.

Biomarkers.

Background: In 2023, the FDA approved LEQEMBI, a monoclonal antibody therapy targeting beta-amyloid plaques, for patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, anti-amyloid drug trials demonstrated an elevated risk for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with cerebral edema (ARIA-E) in carriers of the AD risk allele apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE-ɛ4), especially in ɛ4/ɛ4 homozygous individuals. Here, we report on the evaluation of a new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for APOE genotyping.

Biomarkers.

Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology affects resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), even in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. However, the impact of such an aberrant RSFC on cognitive decline is yet to be determined. Moreover, most prior research focused on fibrillary Aβ deposition to predict RSFC, while early Aβ dysmetabolism as reflected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations has received less attention.

Biomarkers.

Background: Sleep-wake alterations are common symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) associated with faster cognitive decline. Noradrenaline dysfunction and neuroinflammation have been proposed as potential driving mechanisms. The ADIS project aims to study the relationship between sleep-wake patterns, immune signatures (peripheral blood cytotoxic lymphocytes), and noradrenergic markers across the AD spectrum.

Biomarkers.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the decline of plasma Aß42/40 occurs before cognitive decline, presenting a potential early screening tool. However, the factors leading to the progression of the disease, specifically the increase in plasma p-Tau 181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), remain unclear. This study investigates whether perceived cognitive impairment is associated with downstream biomarker changes in individuals with decreasing Aß42/40.

Biomarkers.

Background: Cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with abnormal levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition are considered in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, when combined with the subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are proposed as the stage 2 AD in the NIA-AA framework. Here, we aim to investigate whether neuropathologic deterioration increases in early stages, particularly in stage 2 AD.

Method: We included 341 CU participants over 50 years of age from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study.

Biomarkers.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of WMH in the etiology of AD is debated. Specifically, a key question is whether higher WMH is predictive of higher beta-amyloid (Aβ) and fibrillar tau accumulation.

Biomarkers.

Background: The quantification of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has proved useful in many contexts, for the diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological disorders. There is, however, a diversity of practices between centers, essentially linked to the context of use (COU), analytical methods, consideration of comorbidities, determination of cut-points or use of interpretation scales. Finally, for the same biochemical profile, the interpretation and reporting of results may differ from one center to another, raising the question of test commutability.

Biomarkers.

Background: Age represents the predominant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Nevertheless, not every elderly individual undergoes age-related processes that inevitably lead to dementia. The aging process is characterized by cellular senescence, manifesting as morphological changes and the secretion of immune signaling mediators linked to systemic low-grade inflammation.

Biomarkers.

Background: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a marker of cerebral astrogliosis and occasionally elevated in patients with dementia. GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is routinely requested in referrals to neurochemistry laboratories; however, its ability to differentiate dementias and diagnostic capability is unclear. Our aim was to elucidate this, using two large datasets.

Biomarkers.

Background: Metabolomics captures net influences of exposome, diet, gut microbiome, and genome, informing about individuality and how we respond to interventions. Applications of metabolomics in pharmacology are starting to enable a Systems Pharmacology approach, where the outcome of a treatment is considered to evolve from effects on complex molecular networks, enabling insights into response variations. We bring the power of these approaches to the study of the MIND, a Mediterranean DASH diet for prevention of cognitive decline.