Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related psychomotor activity and altered neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: Findings from an "endophenotype" approach.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies later in life. The severity of the ADHD phenotype may play a significant role in this association. There is no indication that any of the existing animal models can unify these disorders.

Changes in Coagulation Factor XI Activity Levels in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary PCI.

Background - Although Factor XI (FXI) inhibitors are currently tested for the prevention of thrombotic events, their early treatment could prevent thrombus consolidation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aims to characterize coagulation FXI levels and their variations in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods - Patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled between December 2023 and May 2024.

The Diagnostic Assessment of Inherited Platelet Function Defects.

In this article, our goal is to offer an introduction and overview of the diagnostic approach to inherited platelet function defects (iPFDs) for clinicians and laboratory personnel who are beginning to engage in the field. We describe the most commonly used laboratory methods and propose a diagnostic four-step approach, wherein each stage requires a higher level of expertise and more specialized methods. It should be noted that our proposed approach differs from the ISTH Guidance on this topic in some points.

The Diagnostic Assessment of Platelet Function Defects.

Congenital platelet disorders are rare and targeted treatment is usually not possible. Inherited platelet function disorders (iPFDs) can affect surface receptors and multiple platelet responses such as defects of platelet granules, signal transduction, and procoagulant activity. If iPFDs are also associated with a reduced platelet count (thrombocytopenia), it is not uncommon to be misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia.

Artificial intelligence-enabled obesity prediction: A systematic review of cohort data analysis.

Background: Obesity, now the fifth leading global cause of death, has seen a dramatic rise in prevalence over the last forty years. It significantly increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Early identification of obesity risk allows for preventative actions against obesity-related factors.

A high-throughput, microplate reader-based method to monitor in vitro HIV latency reversal in the absence of flow cytometry.

J-Lat cells are derivatives of the Jurkat CD4 T cell line that contain a non-infectious, inducible HIV provirus with a GFP tag. While these cells have substantially advanced our understanding of HIV latency, their use by many laboratories in low and middle-income countries is restricted by limited access to flow cytometry. To overcome this barrier, we describe a modified J-Lat assay using a standard microplate reader that detects HIV-GFP expression following treatment with latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

Pilot of a joint bed-side teaching course for medical and pharmacy university students.

: Interprofessional education of medical and pharmacy students may improve competence-based university teaching. : We developed a joint bed-side teaching to improve patient-related competencies in identifying drug-related problems in hospitalized patients at a university cardiology department. Students were randomly allocated in mixed teams of medical and pharmacy students (1:3).

Selective disappearance based on navigational efficiency in a long-lived seabird.

Whilst efficient movement through space is thought to increase the fitness of long-distance migrants, evidence that selection acts upon such traits remains elusive. Here, using 228 migratory tracks collected from 102 adult breeding common terns (Sterna hirundo) aged 3-22 years, we find evidence that older terns navigate more efficiently than younger terns and that efficient navigation leads to a reduced migration duration and earlier arrival at the breeding and wintering grounds. We additionally find that the age-specificity of navigational efficiency in adult breeding birds cannot be explained by within-individual change with age (i.

Social Network Types in Autistic Adults and Its Associations with Mastery, Quality of Life, and Autism Characteristics.

Research shows heterogeneity in experiences of social contact and social networks in autistic adults. In this study, we aim to identify clusters of social support networks and investigate associations of clusters with mastery, quality of life, and autism characteristics. Autistic adults (N = 381; 45.

Role of the gut microbiome in psychological symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.

The brain-gut axis constitutes the basis for the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Alterations in the gut microbiome composition as observed in inflammatory bowel diseases can modulate brain function and emerging empirical evidence has indicated that interactions among the brain-gut microbiome-axis seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory bowel diseases and psychiatric disorders and their comorbidity. Yet, the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases and psychological symptoms are still poorly understood.

Retrieval of conditioned immune response in male mice is mediated by an anterior-posterior insula circuit.

To protect the body from infections, the brain has evolved the ability to coordinate behavioral and immunological responses. The conditioned immune response (CIR) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning wherein a sensory (for example, taste) stimulus, when paired with an immunomodulatory agent, evokes aversive behavior and an anticipatory immune response after re-experiencing the taste. Although taste and its valence are represented in the anterior insular cortex and immune response in the posterior insula and although the insula is pivotal for CIRs, the precise circuitry underlying CIRs remains unknown.

Determining the QRS axis: visual estimation is equal to calculation.

Background: The QRS axis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is often considered in clinical practice, but its determination is frequently limited to a rough estimation, such as "normal", with left or right deviation, and superior or inferior in the case of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). However, a more exact determination of the QRS axis may be warranted in certain scenarios, such as to determine the origin of PVCs more precisely, and is attainable by visual estimation using the hexaxial reference system.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine how well such an estimation of the QRS axis would correlate with the axis calculated by formulas.

Boosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids.

Studying the human immune system in vivo is challenging and often not possible. Therefore, most human immunology studies have been predominantly confined to peripheral blood analyses, which by themselves have inherent limitations, as many immune reactions take place within tissues. For example, potent antibody responses that contribute to fighting infections and provide protection following vaccination require cellular interactions between B cells and T cells in specialized micro-anatomical structures called germinal centers, which are found in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils.

Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae.

Two methods dominate the way that zebrafish larvae are euthanized after experimental procedures: anesthetic overdose and rapid cooling. Although MS-222 is easy to apply, this anesthetic takes about a minute to act and fish show aversive reactions and interindividual differences, limiting its reliability. Rapid cooling kills larvae after several hours and is not listed as an approved method in the relevant European Union directive.

Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Cognitive training is a promising intervention for psychological distress; however, its effectiveness has yielded inconsistent outcomes across studies. This research is a pre-registered individual-level meta-analysis to identify factors contributing to cognitive training efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms. Machine learning methods, alongside traditional statistical approaches, were employed to analyze 22 datasets with 1544 participants who underwent working memory training, attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, or inhibitory control training.

Post-processing methods for delay embedding and feature scaling of reservoir computers.

Reservoir computing is a machine learning method that is well-suited for complex time series prediction tasks. Both delay embedding and the projection of input data into a higher-dimensional space play important roles in enabling accurate predictions. We establish simple post-processing methods that train on past node states at uniformly or randomly-delayed timeshifts.

Supramolecular dyads as photogenerated qubit candidates.

Molecular spin qubits have the advantages of synthetic flexibility and amenability to be tailored to specific applications. Among them, chromophore-radical systems have emerged as appealing qubit candidates. These systems can be initiated by light to form triplet-radical pairs that can result in the formation of quartet states by spin mixing.

Knowledge of gym goers on myths and truths in resistance training.

Over the last decades, resistance training (RT) has experienced a surge in popularity, and compelling evidence underpins its beneficial effects on health, well-being, and performance. However, sports and exercise research findings may translate poorly into practice. This study investigated the knowledge of Austrian gym-goers regarding common myths and truths in RT.

Effective eradication of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells with FLT3-directed antibody-drug conjugates.

Refractory disease and relapse are major challenges in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy attributed to survival of leukemic stem cells (LSC). To target LSCs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide an elegant solution, combining the specificity of antibodies with highly potent payloads. We aimed to investigate if FLT3-20D9h3-ADCs delivering either the DNA-alkylator duocarmycin (DUBA) or the microtubule-toxin monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) can eradicate quiescent LSCs.

Effects of copper/graphene oxide core-shell nanoparticles on Rhipicephalus ticks and their detoxification enzymes.

Nanopesticides have been recently introduced as novel pesticides to overcome the drawbacks of using traditional synthetic pesticides. The present study evaluated the acaricidal activity of Copper/Graphene oxide core-shell nanoparticles against two tick species, Rhipicephalus rutilus and Rhipicephalus turanicus. The Copper/Graphene oxide core-shell nanoparticles were synthetized through the solution plasma (SP) method under different conditions.

Rural-urban transformation shapes oasis agriculture in Morocco's High Atlas Mountains.

Traditional agricultural activities and rural livelihoods in Morocco's High Atlas Mountains are rapidly changing. This is triggered by increasing rural-urban interactions and new livelihood opportunities in cities. A typical example is the oasis of Tizi N'Oucheg in the country's High Atlas Mountains, which over centuries was largely self-sufficient in food grain and livestock production.

NIRS-BIDS: Brain Imaging Data Structure Extended to Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly popular neuroimaging technique that measures cortical hemodynamic activity in a non-invasive and portable fashion. Although the fNIRS community has been successful in disseminating open-source processing tools and a standard file format (SNIRF), reproducible research and sharing of fNIRS data amongst researchers has been hindered by a lack of standards and clarity over how study data should be organized and stored. This problem is not new in neuroimaging, and it became evident years ago with the proliferation of publicly available neuroimaging datasets.