Hubs and interaction: the brain's meta-loop.

We must reconcile the needs of the internal world and the demands of the external world to make decisions relevant to homeostasis, well-being, and flexible behavior. Engagement with the internal (eg interoceptive) world is linked to medial brain systems, whereas the extrapersonal space (eg exteroceptive) is associated with lateral brain systems. Using Human Connectome Project data, we found three association tracts connecting the action-related frontal lobe with perception-related posterior lobes.

Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed Direct C-H Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Iodides under Ambient Air Conditions.

We report the synergistic use of Pd(OAc)₂ and Ag₂O for the direct C-H arylation of polyfluoroarenes with aryl iodides in DMF as the solvent. This method is straightforward, can be conducted in air, and does not require additional ligands, yielding fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 99%. Experimental studies and DFT calculations suggest that the formation of [(DMF)2PdII(C6F5)2] in DMF as a coordinating solvent does not inhibit the reaction, as the Pd complex reacts with aryl iodides by oxidative addition upon dissociation of a single DMF ligand to form [(DMF)PdIV(C6F5)2(Ar)(I)] before the desired arylation product is released.

Impact of Two Visualization Methods for Electrocochleographic Potentials on Hearing and Vestibular Function During Cochlear Implantation.

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of two distinct visualization methods for electrocochleographic potentials during cochlear implant electrode insertion on residual hearing preservation and vestibular function. Previous research has demonstrated the benefits of visualizing electrocochleographic (ECochG) potentials in preserving residual hearing during cochlear implantation. In this project, ECochG potentials are represented either through a graph or as arrows that provide a pre-interpreted version of the graph.

Research Review: Help-seeking intentions, behaviors, and barriers in college students - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems among college students has increased over the past decade. Even when mental health services are available, many students still struggle to access these services. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the rates at which students actively seek or consider using formal help and to determine the main reasons for not seeking help.

Mental health trajectories of men and women who start providing personal care: European findings from SHARE using propensity score matching.

Objectives: We examine the mental health trajectories of people who start providing personal care and compare their trajectories with matched controls who remain non-carers. We also investigate whether trajectories vary by gender, financial resources, and supportive long-term care policies.

Methods: Using nine waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in 28 European countries from 2004 to 2022, we analyse longitudinal data from 68,075 men and women aged 50 or older.

Dietary Behavioural Preferences of Spanish and German Adults and Their Translation to the Dietary Recommendations of a Personalised Nutrition App in the Framework of the Stance4Health Project.

: The influence of individual differences in the selection of food portions can have a deep effect on recommendations for personalised nutrition. In addition to typical aspects such us energy density and nutrient composition, portion size is important for dietary recommendations. This study examined the dietary behaviours and portion size selection of 224 subjects in Spain and Germany to use such information to improve dietary adherence to a personalised nutrition app.

Low Plasma Choline, High Trimethylamine Oxide, and Altered Phosphatidylcholine Subspecies Are Prevalent in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pancreatic Insufficiency.

Background: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF) increases fecal choline losses, but the postnatal course of plasma choline and its metabolites in these patients is unknown. While choline homeostasis is crucial for cellular, bile, and lipoprotein metabolism, via phosphatidylcholine (PC) and via betaine as a methyl donor, choline deficiency is associated with impaired lung and liver function, including hepatic steatosis.

Objective: The goal of our study was to evaluate the plasma levels of choline, betaine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), PC, and PC subclasses in CF patients from infancy to adulthood and compare those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) to those with pancreatic sufficiency (EPS).

Polymethoxyflavones and Bone Metabolism.

Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, are bioactive compounds produced by plants, including citrus fruits, that exhibit antioxidant effects on mammalian cells and tissues. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a family of flavonoids found in the pulp and peel of citrus fruits, and have been reported to have potent antioxidant activity implicated in the prevention of human diseases. Several studies have shown that PMFs have a protective effect on bone resorption in mouse models of diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease.

Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.

: Post-menopausal women are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in coagulation and maintaining vascular health. The aim of the post hoc analysis of this one-year study is to investigate the effects of MK-7 supplementation on the vascular parameters in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women.

A Neutropenic Diet in Haemato-Oncological Patients Receiving High-Dose Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Although the benefits of low-germ diets for patients are increasingly being questioned, their application in practice is widespread. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data and evaluate the effectiveness of the neutropenic diet (ND) in adult haemato-oncological patients to provide a basis for practical guidelines.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and Cochrane CENTRAL) to identify English and German randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effectiveness of an ND in adult haematological patients.

Effect of Wet Fractionation Conditions and Pulsed Electric Field on Arabinoxylan and Protein Recovery from Maize.

Maize wet fractionation by-products are primarily used as feed but offer potential for food applications. Arabinoxylans (AXs) and proteins are particularly valuable due to their network-forming properties, which depend on their molecular structure. This study assessed the effect of the steeping conditions (acid type and pH variation) combined with a pulsed electric field (PEF) as a strategy for recovering these polymers, while also evaluating their effect on the recovery yield, fraction composition, and key AX characteristics.

Correction: Koenig et al. Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites. 2021, , 1986.

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Constitutive Analysis of the Deformation Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Under Various Forming Conditions Using Several Modeling Approaches.

The hot-flow behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloy are complex because they depend on ε, ε˙, and T. Hence, it is vital to understand and determine the Al-Mg-Si alloy's flow behaviors under several deformation conditions. Therefore, in this study, Crystal Plasticity (CP) modeling, modified Zerilli-Armstrong (MZA), and two JC models were developed to precisely determine the hot deformation behaviors of this alloy.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi10MnMg Alloy with Increased Content of Recycled Scrap.

Increasing the share of circulating scrap in produced castings is not only due to optimizing production costs, but also the need to protect the environment realized by reducing production energy intensity, generating less waste, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and consuming fewer natural resources. However, this is associated with maintaining the required properties of castings and considering the impact of impurities on the formation of the structure of aluminum alloys. This research concerns the AlSi10MnMg alloy, which introduces 50 to 75% (every 5%) of circulating scrap.

Modeling of Electrical Heating and Cooling for Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete.

Carbon-textile-reinforced concrete (CTRC) is increasingly being used in the construction industry as a high-performance composite material combining non-metallic textile reinforcement with concrete. Known for its exceptional characteristics such as tensile strength, density, and durability, CTRC also exhibits electrical conductivity, enabling efficient electrical heat generation within building components. This study develops and validates a thermal model to predict the temperature evolution of electrically heated CTRC, incorporating Newton's law of cooling and Joule's heating principle.

Smart Protective Glove for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Against Chainsaws for Arborists.

Working with a chainsaw is a risk for arborists. When handling a chainsaw, serious injuries can occur, particularly to the arms. For this reason, arborists must wear personal protective equipment (PPE) against chainsaws.

Autogenously Calcined Clays from Coal Tailings Dumps as Supplementary Cementitious Material: From Exploratory Investigations to an Industrial Trial.

Autogenously calcined clays from tailings dumps, which are formed by the ignition of the contained residual coal, represent a huge resource of potentially pozzolanic material worldwide. This work presents preliminary studies of samples from the Western coal regions in Germany and investigations on the first industrially produced cement with autogenously calcined tailings concerning its suitability as supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Samples of the tailings materials and blended cements were thoroughly characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically.

The Formation of an Interface and Its Energy Levels Inside a Band Gap in InAs/GaSb/AlSb/GaSb M-Structures.

We studied specially designed InAs/GaSb/AlSb/GaSb M-structures, a type-II superlattice (T2SL), that can serve as active materials for short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) applications. To obtain the dispersion relation of the investigated M-structures, k·p perturbation theory based on the eight-band model implemented in the nextnano++ v1.18.

Investigating the Causes of Substandard Concrete Strength: A Macro- and Microanalysis.

This study investigates the root causes of substandard concrete quality in a newly constructed residential complex, addressing the critical issue of compressive strength failure in structural elements. To tackle this problem, twelve core samples were extracted from affected areas and analyzed using a combination of macro-scale techniques (high-temperature heating, acid-immersion tests) and advanced microscopic methods (SEM-EDS, XRF, XRD, FTIR, TGA). The results revealed that while material proportions generally met specifications, uneven aggregate gradation and excessive use of mineral admixtures were key factors compromising strength.

The Effect of Leisure-Time Exercise on Mental Health Among Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Adequate levels of leisure-time exercise (LTE) are associated with mental health benefits. Despite increased research in recent years through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic literature review summarizing these findings is lacking. Here, we examined publication trends, impact, and research gaps regarding LTE's effects on mental health in the form of a bibliometric analysis.

Trajectories of Mental Distress and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers.

: The recent COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant psychological challenge for healthcare workers. Resilience and the extent of psychological stress varied across professional groups and individual circumstances. This study aims to longitudinally capture the trajectories of psychological stress and resilience among medical personnel during the pandemic and identify various contributing factors.

Electromyography as an Objective Outcome Measure for the Therapeutic Effect of Biofeedback Training to Reduce Post-Paralytic Facial Synkinesis.

Biofeedback rehabilitation for facial palsy is not yet routinely available for patients. : To improve evidence, the effect of an intensive two-week facial training combining electromyography (EMG) and visual biofeedback training of 30 patients (76.7% female; median age: 48.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Metacognitive Prospective Memory Inventory-Short Form (MPMI-s) in Non-Central Nervous System Cancer Patients.

: Cancer diagnosis and oncological treatments often lead to cognitive impairments, particularly in prospective memory, which affects the ability to recall future intentions. These difficulties can significantly impact therapeutic adherence, especially in the early stages of treatment, where timely medication and appointment adherence are critical. Despite this, effective measures for assessing prospective memory in cancer survivors remain limited.

Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Analysis Combining Bibliometrics, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and HJ-Biplot.

Patients with psoriasis often experience psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety. These comorbidities can lead to poorer adherence to treatment regimens, reduced effectiveness of therapies, and a heightened disease burden. This study aims to explore the scientific output related to psoriasis, depression, and anxiety using a comprehensive analysis combining bibliometric statistical methods.