Illusion, dilution, or loss: psychological ownership and GenAI.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) reshapes and challenges psychological ownership of created content. This article examines how GenAI disrupts original content creators' and GenAI users' sense of ownership and control and illustrates how both can perceive the illusion, dilution, and potential loss of control and ownership of content in the GenAI era.

Continuous vital sign monitoring of patients recovering from surgery on general wards: a narrative review.

Most postoperative deaths occur on general wards, often linked to complications associated with untreated changes in vital signs. Monitoring in these units is typically intermittent checks each shift or maximally every 4-6 h, which misses prolonged periods of subtle changes in physiology that can herald a critical downstream event. Continuous monitoring of vital signs is therefore intuitively necessary for patient safety.

Understanding GABAergic synapse diversity and its implications for GABAergic pharmacotherapy.

Despite the substantial contribution of disruptions in GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission to the etiology of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders, surprisingly few drugs targeting the GABAergic system are currently available, partly due to insufficient understanding of circuit-specific GABAergic synapse biology. In addition to GABA receptors, GABAergic synapses contain an elaborate organizational protein machinery that regulates the properties of synaptic transmission. Until recently, this machinery remained largely unexplored, but key methodological advances have now led to the identification of a wealth of new GABAergic organizer proteins.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Promotes Effector CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis and Restrains Salt-sensitive Hypertension.

Excess dietary salt and salt-sensitivity contribute to cardiovascular disease. Distinct T cell phenotypic responses to high salt and hypertension as well as influences from environmental cues are not well understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by dietary ligands, promoting T cell and systemic homeostasis.

Status in Brain Gliomas Can Be Predicted by the Spherical Mean MRI Technique.

Background And Purpose: Diffuse gliomas, a heterogeneous group of primary brain tumors, have traditionally been stratified by histology, but recent insights into their molecular features, especially the mutation status, have fundamentally changed their classification and prognosis. Current diagnostic methods, still predominantly relying on invasive biopsy, necessitate the exploration of noninvasive imaging alternatives for glioma characterization.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, we investigated the utility of the spherical mean technique (SMT) in predicting the status and histologic grade of adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Do continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics predict macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes? The FACULTY protocol of a retrospective real-world cohort study.

Introduction: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in diabetes, given the established relationship with microvascular and macrovascular complications in this condition. However, HbA1c is affected by non-glycaemic factors, while also failing to provide data on hypoglycaemic exposure and glucose variability, which are associated with adverse vascular outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics provide a more comprehensive assessment of glycaemia, but their role in predicting future vascular complications remains unclear.

COA5 has an essential role in the early stage of mitochondrial complex IV assembly.

Pathogenic variants in cytochrome oxidase assembly factor 5 (COA5), a proposed complex IV (CIV) assembly factor, have been shown to cause clinical mitochondrial disease with two siblings affected by neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifesting a rare, homozygous missense variant (NM_001008215.3: c.157G>C, p.

The Role of Atrial Fibrillation and Oral Anticoagulation Status in Health-Related Quality of Life 12 Months After Ischemic Stroke or TIA.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for about 20% of all ischemic strokes worldwide. It is known that AF impairs health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population, but data on HRQOL in stroke patients with newly diagnosed AF are sparse.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of the prospective, investigator-initiated, multicenter MonDAFIS study (NCT02204267) to analyze whether AF-related oral anticoagulation (OAC), and/or AF-symptom severity are associated with HRQOL after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Risk ranking of mycotoxins in plant-based meat and dairy alternatives under protein transition scenarios.

While reducing the consumption of animal-source foods is recommended for planetary and human health, potential emerging food safety risks associated with the transition to dietary patterns featuring plant-based meat (PBMA) and dairy alternatives (PBDA) remain unexplored. We assessed the exposure to mycotoxins and ranked the associated health risks related to the consumption of PBMA and PBDA. We simulated diets by replacing animal-source proteins with their plant-based alternatives.

The effect of supplemental LED lighting in the range of UV, blue, and red wavelengths at different ratios on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in pak choi and swiss chard.

Phenolic compounds are known for their health-promoting effects on humans. Pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp.

Dosimetry Software for Theranostic Applications: Current Capabilities and Future Prospects.

Dosimetry is integral to informed implementation of radiopharmaceutical therapies, enabling personalized treatment planning and ensuring patient safety by calculating absorbed doses to organs and tumors. As the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical field continues to expand, dosimetry software has emerged as a crucial tool for optimization of treatment efficacy. This review discusses key features and capabilities that current dosimetry software solutions have or should have in the future.

First pass effect in patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: subgroup analysis of the prospective international ASSIST registry.

Background: Studies have described a first pass effect (FPE) where patients with successful recanalization after one pass experience better outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this in patients with large core infarctions.

Objective: To determine whether patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in which first pass reperfusion is achieved experience improved outcomes compared with those who undergo more than one pass.

Modulation of Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts (MERCs) by Small Molecules as a New Strategy for Restoring Lipid Metabolism in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without effective treatment. The progressive motoneuron death in ALS is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism. As its regulation occurs in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), modulation of mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) is emerging as a crucial factor in MAM formation and lipid metabolism control.

Structural and bioinformatics analyses identify deoxydinucleotide-specific nucleases and their association with genomic islands in gram-positive bacteria.

Dinucleases of the DEDD superfamily, such as oligoribonuclease, Rexo2 and nanoRNase C, catalyze the essential final step of RNA degradation, the conversion of di- to mononucleotides. The active sites of these enzymes are optimized for substrates that are two nucleotides long, and do not discriminate between RNA and DNA. Here, we identified a novel DEDD subfamily, members of which function as dedicated deoxydinucleases (diDNases) that specifically hydrolyze single-stranded DNA dinucleotides in a sequence-independent manner.

Contribution of individual phospholipase A enzymes to the cleavage of oxidized phospholipids in human blood plasma.

Phospholipids containing oxidized esterified PUFA residues (OxPLs) are increasingly recognized for multiple biological activities and causative involvement in disease pathogenesis. Pharmacokinetics of these compounds in blood plasma is essentially not studied. Human plasma contains both genuine phospholipases A (PAF-AH (also called Lp-PLA) and sPLA) and multifunctional enzymes capable of removing sn-2 residues in native and oxidized PLs (LCAT, PRDX6).

Molecular insights into myelomeningocele via proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid.

Despite numerous studies on fetal therapy for myelomeningoceles (MMC), the pathophysiology of this malformation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the biochemical profile and proteome of amniotic fluid (AF) supernatants from MMC fetuses to explore the prenatal pathophysiology. Biochemical analysis of 61 AF samples from MMC fetuses was compared with 45 healthy fetuses' samples.

Altered cortical network dynamics during observing and preparing action in patients with Corticobasal syndrome.

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized not only by parkinsonism but also by higher-order cortical dysfunctions, such as apraxia. However, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain poorly understood. To explore the pathophysiology of CBS, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data from 17 CBS patients and 20 age-matched controls during an observe-to-imitate task.

Co-activating STING-TLR9 pathways promotes radiotherapy-induced cancer vaccination.

Vaccination may cure cancer patients by inducing tumor-specific immune responses. Radiotherapy is an appealing strategy to generate cancer vaccines in situ; thus far, however, only modest and short-lived immune responses are achieved. We here show that radiation combined with co-activating STING-TLR9 can generate powerful in situ cancer vaccines.

Interplay of acidic residues in the proton channel of E. coli cytochrome bd-I oxidase to promote oxygen reduction and NO release.

The reduction of oxygen to water is crucial to life under aerobic conditions. Cytochrome bd oxidases perform this reaction with a very high oxygen affinity. Members of this protein family are solely found in prokaryotes and some archaea playing an important role in bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance.

Isolation of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic secondary metabolites from Valeriana phu and evaluation of their mechanisms of action.

As a result of anti-inflammatory activity-guided fractionation, 16 secondary metabolites from the underground parts of Valeriana phu L. were obtained, including five new ones belonging to iridoid (1, 2, and 5), phenylpropanoid (6) and neolignan (7) chemical classes. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses as well as HRESIMS.

Precursors of exhausted T cells are preemptively formed in acute infection.

T cell exhaustion limits effector T cell function in chronic infection and tumors. The development of these hypofunctional T cells and of their precursors was considered to require stimulatory conditions met only upon persisting exposure to antigen and inflammation. In sharp contrast, we found similar T cell populations in the early phase of acute infections.

A Transformer-Based Pipeline for German Clinical Document De-Identification.

Objective:  Commercially available large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) cannot be applied to real patient data for data protection reasons. At the same time, de-identification of clinical unstructured data is a tedious and time-consuming task when done manually. Since transformer models can efficiently process and analyze large amounts of text data, our study aims to explore the impact of a large training dataset on the performance of this task.