Clinical Manifestations.

Background: In cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, the presence of a subjective cognitive decline (SCD) combined with evidence of abnormal b-amyloid (Ab) is proposed as stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the NIA-AA framework (Jack et al., 2018). However, the associations found between SCD and preclinical AD are inconsistent across studies, highlighting the importance of better understanding which specific SCD features are associated with either Ab or tau burden.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the first cortical region affected by tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is implicated in spatial orientation. In early AD stages, navigation deficits, including path integration deficits, could be present, even before memory deficits. We investigated whether these deficits were related to AD pathology (amyloidosis and/or tauopathy) using a path integration task, the "Apple Game".

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Remote unsupervised cognitive assessments have the potential to complement and facilitate cognitive assessment in clinical and research settings.

Method: Here we evaluate the usability, validity and reliability of unsupervised remote memory assessments via mobile devices (see Figure 1) in individuals without dementia from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study and explore their prognostic utility regarding future cognitive decline in combination with a plasma marker for p-tau217.

Result: Usability was rated positively.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Speech and language impairments are associated with cognitive decline in neurodegenerative dementias, particularly Alzheimer's Disease (AD), where subtle speech changes may precede clinical dementia onset. As clinical trials prioritize early identification for disease-modifying treatments, digital biomarkers for timely screening become imperative. Digital speech-based biomarkers can be employed for screening populations at the earliest AD stages.

The Effect of Novel Laser-Activated Bleaching Protocols on the Color Change of Non-Vital Anterior Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

Objective:  This study compares the color change of non-vital anterior teeth after laser-activated bleaching and conventional walking bleaching technique.

Materials And Methods:  Sixty extracted teeth were endodontically treated, stained in a black tea solution, and the baseline shade was measured using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade, VITA). Bleaching was done using either: internal bleaching with 35% HO (Opalescence Endo) and then tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr1), 35% HO (JW Next) for 7 minutes (Gr2), internal and external bleaching for 7 minutes (Gr3), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 30 seconds (940 nm, continuous wave, 2 W, noncontact mode, 300 um, non-initiated tip), wait for 7 minutes, second laser application for 30 seconds, tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr4), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 24 hours (Gr5), or diode laser-activated internal and external bleaching for 24 hours (Gr6) ( = 10).

Beverage-Induced Surface Changes in Biomimetic Dental Resin Composite: AFM and Bacterial Analysis.

Objective:  Continuous advancements in composite resin materials have revolutionized and expanded its clinical use, improving its physical and mechanical properties. Attaining and retaining surface texture and gloss are crucial for the long-term durability of the composite resin material. This study investigated the supra-nanospherical filler composite material compared with different composite resin materials immersed in different beverages.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Anosognosia is a frequent phenomenon in Alzheimer's dementia. Both heightened and decreased awareness of cognitive decline (AoCD) have been observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Despite some studies, the association between altered awareness and clinical conversion remained unclear.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Judgment is an aspect of executive functioning that is critical to many aspects of daily functioning, and often affected in older adults with cognitive decline. The Test of Practical Judgement (TOP-J) evaluates judgment related real-world issues that may arise in aging populations. The current study investigates the incremental validity of the TOP-J-i.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Previous findings evaluating longitudinal cognition in relation to the MeDi diet are inconsistent, and few studies have examined it in relation to the presence/absence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Our current aims are to test whether adherence to the MeDi diet is associated with the risk of clinical progression, future cognitive decline, and atrophy over time in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-sensitive regions in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with or without SCD.

Methods: This longitudinal study includes 171 controls and 228 SCD patients recruited from memory clinics in the DELCODE study.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Traditional pen-and-paper neuropsychological assessments fail to capture subtle cognitive changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Remote and unsupervised digital assessments available on smartphones, tablets, and personal computers may offer a solution to this by increasing the amount and types of data available to researchers and clinicians, while simultaneously improving ecological validity and alleviating patient burden. As these remote and unsupervised digital cognitive assessment tools become more widely available, it is important that they are validated in a systematic way.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Frequent and remote cognitive assessment may improve sensitivity to subtle cognitive decline associated with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and construct validity of repeated remote memory assessment in late middle-aged and older adults.

Method: Participants were recruited from longitudinal aging cohorts to complete medial temporal lobe-based memory paradigms (Object-In-Room Recall [ORR], Mnemonic Discrimination for Objects and Scenes [MDT-OS], Complex Scene Recognition [CSR]) using the neotiv application on a smartphone or tablet at repeated intervals over one year.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The advent of remote and unsupervised digital cognitive assessment facilitates the use of frequent assessments only days apart to examine learning rates. Learning rates have been shown to differentiate patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) from healthy individuals across a variety of cognitive measures. Here, we investigated whether impairments in learning rates in a mnemonic discrimination task were domain specific, as object and scene memory have been found to rely on anatomically distinct neural pathways that are differentially affected by AD.

Actinide-Boosting r Process in Black-Hole-Neutron-Star Merger Ejecta.

We examine nucleosynthesis in the ejecta of black-hole-neutron-star mergers based on the results of long-term neutrino-radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations for the first time. We find that the combination of dynamical and postmerger ejecta reproduces a solarlike r-process pattern. Moreover, the enhancement level of actinides is highly sensitive to the distribution of both the electron fraction and the velocity of the dynamical ejecta.

Observation of an Inverse Turbulent-Wave Cascade in a Driven Quantum Gas.

We observe an inverse turbulent-wave cascade, from small to large length scales, in a driven homogeneous 2D Bose gas. Starting with an equilibrium condensate, we drive the gas isotropically on a length scale much smaller than its size, and observe a nonthermal population of modes with wavelengths larger than the drive one. At long drive times, the gas exhibits a steady nonthermal momentum distribution.

No-Broadcasting Characterizes Operational Contextuality.

Operational contextuality forms a rapidly developing subfield of quantum information theory. However, the characterization of the quantum mechanical entities that fuel the phenomenon has remained unknown with many partial results existing. Here, we present a resolution to this problem by connecting operational contextuality one-to-one with the no-broadcasting theorem.

Gravitational Metrological Triangle.

Motivated by the similarity of the mathematical structure of Einstein's general relativity in its weak field limit and of Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics it is shown that there are gravitational analogs of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. These effects can be combined to derive a gravitational analogue of the electric quantum metrological triangle. The gravitational quantum metrological triangle may have applications in metrology and could be used to investigate the relation of the Planck constant to fundamental particle masses.

Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Measurements of an Anderson Impurity.

We report spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of an Anderson impurity system in MoS_{2} mirror-twin boundaries, where both the quantum-confined impurity state and the Kondo resonance resulting from the interaction with the substrate are accessible. Using a spin-polarized tip, we observe magnetic-field-induced changes in the peak heights of the Anderson impurity states as well as in the magnetic-field-split Kondo resonance. Quantitative comparison with numerical renormalization group calculations provides evidence of the notable spin polarization of the spin-resolved impurity spectral function under the influence of a magnetic field.

Reinforcement Learning Optimization of the Charging of a Dicke Quantum Battery.

Quantum batteries are energy-storing devices, governed by quantum mechanics, that promise high charging performance thanks to collective effects. Because of its experimental feasibility, the Dicke battery-which comprises N two-level systems coupled to a common photon mode-is one of the most promising designs for quantum batteries. However, the chaotic nature of the model severely hinders the extractable energy (ergotropy).

Learning Fermionic Correlations by Evolving with Random Translationally Invariant Hamiltonians.

Schemes of classical shadows have been developed to facilitate the readout of digital quantum devices, but similar tools for analog quantum simulators are scarce and experimentally impractical. In this Letter, we provide a measurement scheme for fermionic quantum devices that estimates second and fourth order correlation functions by means of free fermionic, translationally invariant evolutions-or quenches-and measurements in the mode occupation number basis. We precisely characterize what correlation functions can be recovered and equip the estimates with rigorous bounds on sample complexities, a particularly important feature in light of the difficulty of getting good statistics in reasonable experimental platforms, with measurements being slow.

Identification of the G(3900) Structure as the P-Wave DD[over ¯]^{*}/D[over ¯]D^{*} Resonance.

The BESIII Collaboration recently performed a precise measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→DD[over ¯] Born cross sections, and confirmed the G(3900) structure reported by BABAR and Belle with high significance. We identify the G(3900) as the first P-wave DD[over ¯]^{*}/D[over ¯]D^{*} molecular resonance. The experimental and theoretical identification of the P-wave dimeson state holds paramount importance in enhancing our comprehension of the nonperturbative QCD and few-body physics.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Superdiffusive Thermal Transport in Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Melts.

In contrast to normal diffusion processes, thermal conduction in one-dimensional systems is anomalous. The thermal conductivity is found to vary with the length as κ∼L^{α}(α>0), but there is a long-standing debate on the value α. Here, we present a canonical example of this behavior in polymer-grafted spherical nanoparticle (GNP) melts at fixed grafting density and nanoparticle radius.

Wetting Phenomena: Line Tension and Gravitational Effect.

An apparent contact angle is formed when a droplet is deposited on a solid substrate. Young's law has been employed to describe the equilibrium contact angle. Often in experiments, the equilibrium contact angle deviates from Young's law and depends on the volume of the droplet, known as the line tension effect.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Timely diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for early interventions, but its implementation is often challenging due to the complexity and time burden of required cognitive assessments. Remote unsupervised self-testing of cognition can potentially addres this health care challenge. We conducted the to date largest evaluation of feasibility and experienced added value of unsupervised digital remote assessment in primary and specialized health care in Germany.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Sporadic bvFTD is often misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder (PPD) due to overlapping clinical features and lack of reliable biomarkers. The multi-centre study DIPPA-FTD aims to develop diagnostic- and prognostic-algorithms that can distinguish sporadic bvFTD from late-onset PPD. The aim of the retrospective DIPPA-FTD study was to identify the strongest clinical discriminators.