Modifying the antibacterial performance of cu surfaces by topographic patterning in the micro- and nanometer scale.

Antimicrobial surfaces are a promising approach to reduce the spread of pathogenic microorganisms in various critical environments. To achieve high antimicrobial functionality, it is essential to consider the material-specific bactericidal mode of action in conjunction with bacterial surface interactions. This study investigates the effect of altered contact conditions on the antimicrobial efficiency of Cu surfaces against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Common Hereditary Variants of the APOE Gene and Posttransplant Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has multiple functions in metabolism and immunoregulation. Its common germline variants APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4 give rise to three functionally distinct gene products. Previous studies reported yin-yang roles of APOE2 and APOE4 in immunological processes, but their effects in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have never been studied.

Teaching in the Digital Age-Developing a Support Program for Nursing Education Providers: Design-Based Research.

Background: Health care systems and the nursing profession worldwide are being transformed by technology and digitalization. Nurses acquire digital competence through their own experience in daily practice, but also from education and training; nursing education providers thus play an important role. While nursing education providers have some level of digital competence, there is a need for ongoing training and support for them to develop more advanced skills and effectively integrate technology into their teaching.

From Theory to Practice: Viewpoint on Economic Indicators for Trust in Digital Health.

User trust is pivotal for the adoption of digital health systems interventions (DHI). In response, numerous trust-building guidelines have recently emerged targeting DHIs such as artificial intelligence. The common aim of these guidelines aimed at private sector actors and government policy makers is to build trustworthy DHI.

Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. The primary analysis of KATHERINE, a phase 3, open-label trial, showed that the risk of invasive breast cancer or death was 50% lower with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) than with trastuzumab alone.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla after neoadjuvant systemic treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab to receive T-DM1 or trastuzumab for 14 cycles.

Nivolumab to restore T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory multiple myeloma.

Efficacy and durability remain central shortcomings of T-cell based therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we employ blood-based transcriptional T-cell profiling to define impaired T-cell fitness as putative biomarker associated with sensitivity to PD1 inhibition in CAR-T refractory MM patients.

Comparison of Outcomes of Deep Sclerectomy, Canaloplasty, and Viscocanaloplasty: A Multi-Centred Study.

Prcis: Deep sclerectomy (DS) and canaloplasty provide better intraocular pressure (IOP) control than viscocanalostomy. DS required less glaucoma medications but more interventions to reach target IOP.

Purpose: To compare real-world outcomes of three non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) techniques.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with refractory ascites treated with either TIPS, tunneled peritoneal catheter, or ascites pump.

Background: Refractory ascites (RA) remains a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis. Currently, the insertion of a TIPS is considered the standard of care in these patients. To achieve symptom control in those with TIPS contraindications, tunneled peritoneal catheters (PeCa) or ascites pumps were introduced.

Exploring the Activation of Atomically Precise [Pt(CO)(PPh)] Clusters: Mechanism and Energetics in Gas Phase and on an Inert Surface.

Atomically precise clusters such as [Pt(CO)(PPh)] ( = 1,2) (PPh is triphenylphosphine) are known as precursors for making oxidation catalysts. However, the changes occurring to the cluster upon thermal activation during the formation of the active catalyst are poorly understood. We have used a combination of hybrid mass spectrometry and surface science to map the thermal decomposition of [Pt(CO)(PPh)](NO).

Evaluation of Cereblon-Directing Warheads for the Development of Orally Bioavailable PROTACs.

PROTACs usually occupy physicochemical space outside the one defined by classical drug-like molecules, which often presents considerable challenges in their optimization and development for oral administration. We have previously reported phenyl glutarimide (PG)-based BET PROTAC SJ995973, with improved overall degradation and antiproliferative activities compared to its direct thalidomide-based analogue dBET1, but similarly poor pharmacokinetic profile. To further demonstrate the PG utility, we describe here optimization efforts that led to the discovery of an orally bioavailable BET-PROTAC SJ44236 (), and results of a comprehensive comparative study with analogues containing alternative CRBN-directing warheads.

Discovery of Laacher See eruption in speleothem record synchronizes Greenland and central European Late Glacial climate change.

To assess the impact of ongoing, historically unprecedented Arctic ice melting, precisely synchronized chronologies are indispensable for past analogs of abrupt climate change. Around 12,900 years before present (B.P.

Prior knowledge changes initial sensory processing in the human spinal cord.

Prior knowledge changes how the brain processes sensory input. Whether knowledge influences initial sensory processing upstream of the brain, in the spinal cord, is unknown. Studying electric potentials recorded invasively and noninvasively from the human spinal cord at millisecond resolution, we find that the cord generates electric potentials at 600 hertz that are modulated by prior knowledge about the time of sensory input, as early as 13 to 16 milliseconds after stimulation.

Impact of developmental temperature on neural growth, connectivity, and function.

Environmental temperature dictates the developmental pace of poikilothermic animals. In , slower development at lower temperatures results in higher brain connectivity, but the generality of such scaling across temperatures and brain regions and its impact on function are unclear. Here, we show that brain connectivity scales continuously across temperatures, in agreement with a first-principle model that postulates different metabolic constraints for the growth of the brain and the organism.

Inhaled xenon modulates microglia and ameliorates disease in mouse models of amyloidosis and tauopathy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Antiamyloid antibody treatments modestly slow disease progression in mild dementia due to AD. Emerging evidence shows that homeostatic dysregulation of the brain immune system, especially that orchestrated by microglia, plays an important role in disease onset and progression.

Epithelial OPA1 links mitochondrial fusion to inflammatory bowel disease.

Dysregulation at the intestinal epithelial barrier is a driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the molecular mechanisms of barrier failure are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate dysregulated mitochondrial fusion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with IBD and show that impaired fusion is sufficient to drive chronic intestinal inflammation.

Merging motoneuron and postural synergies in prosthetic hand design for natural bionic interfacing.

Despite the advances in bionic reconstruction of missing limbs, the control of robotic limbs is still limited and, in most cases, not felt to be as natural by users. In this study, we introduce a control approach that combines robotic design based on postural synergies and neural decoding of synergistic behavior of spinal motoneurons. We developed a soft prosthetic hand with two degrees of actuation that realizes postures in a two-dimensional linear manifold generated by two postural synergies.

Maternal characteristics and their relation to early mother-child interaction and cognitive development in toddlers.

Early mother-infant interaction is believed to have a significant impact on the social, cognitive, and emotional development of children. These interactions are not only influenced by child and contextual factors but also by the mother's personality traits and strain. In this study, we investigated the relation between maternal factors such as personality, depressive symptoms, or experiencing of emotions, and (i) children's early cognitive development and (ii) interaction patterns in a sample of 116 mother-child dyads (mean child age = 18.

Phytochemical Profile, Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Spray-Dried Hydroethanolic Extract from Punica granatum Leaves.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the acute and subacute safety and phytochemical profile of pomegranate leaves, aligning with the growing interest in sustainable, plant-based therapeutics. The phytochemical composition, the acute and subacute toxicity of a spray-dried hydroethanolic extract from pomegranate leaves (SDE) were investigated using experimental animal models. Utilizing UV-visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a diverse array of tannins and flavonoids, totaling 38 compounds, was identified.

Tuning the electronic structure and SMSI by integrating trimetallic sites with defective ceria for the CO reduction reaction.

Heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as a potential key for closing the carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added chemicals. In this work, we report a highly active and stable ceria (CeO)-based electronically tuned trimetallic catalyst for CO to CO conversion. A unique distribution of electron density between the defective ceria support and the trimetallic nanoparticles (of Ni, Cu, Zn) was established by creating the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between them.

The effect of conflict on damage to medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine: A quasi-experimental study.

Medical facilities are civilian objects specially protected by international humanitarian law. Despite the need for systematic documentation of the effects of war on medical facilities for judiciary accountability, current methods for surveilling damage to protected civilian objects during ongoing armed conflict are insufficient. Satellite imagery damage assessment confers significant possibilities for investigating patterns of war.

Design, Synthesis, and Unprecedented Interactions of Covalent Dipeptide-Based Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Its Variants Displaying Potent Antiviral Activity.

The main protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key drug target for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of small-molecule peptidomimetics with various cysteine-reactive electrophiles. Several compounds were identified as potent SARS-CoV-2 M inhibitors, including compounds (IC = 0.

Maintenance treatment with trofosfamide in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma - a retrospective single-centre analysis.

Background: The prognosis of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) remains dismal. Trofosfamide (TRO) has been proposed as a well-tolerated oral maintenance therapy. This retrospective analysis aims to determine the value of this therapy.