Women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence in India: Trends, patterns, and determinants.

Women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence are a major determinant of the likelihood of their exposure to physical intimate partner violence. In this study, we scrutinize the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models to understand the trends, patterns, and drivers of women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence across various demographic and socioeconomic groups in India. Our findings reveal a noticeable decline in the level of women's acceptability of physical intimate partner violence over the past 15 years, albeit at a slow pace.

cAmbly: A non-toxic cell-penetrating peptide derived from Amblyomin-X with targeted delivery to mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins.

The effective delivery of drugs remains a major challenge in the development of new therapeutic molecules. Several strategies have been employed to address this issue, with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) standing out due to their ability to traverse cell membranes with minimal cytotoxicity and their relatively straightforward synthesis when conjugated with other molecules. However, while CPPs can successfully enter the cytoplasm, they often lack specificity for particular organelles, leaving target engagement to the drug itself.

Using normative models pre-trained on cross-sectional data to evaluate intra-individual longitudinal changes in neuroimaging data.

Longitudinal neuroimaging studies offer valuable insight into brain development, ageing, and disease progression over time. However, prevailing analytical approaches rooted in our understanding of population variation are primarily tailored for cross-sectional studies. To fully leverage the potential of longitudinal neuroimaging, we need methodologies that account for the complex interplay between population variation and individual dynamics.

Total Synthesis of the Membrane Spanning Tetraether Lipid brGDGT Ia and Elucidation of its Stereochemical Configuration.

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are a group of membrane spanning lipids produced by both Archaea and Bacteria. Branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) are a class of these tetraether lipids known to be produced by certain bacteria and are commonly found in terrestrial environments. Due to their environmental ubiquity, high preservation potential, and role in membrane adaptation, brGDGTs form the basis of many widely employed paleoenvironmental proxies.

Cerebellocerebral connectivity predicts body mass index: a new open-source Python-based framework for connectome-based predictive modeling.

Background: The cerebellum is one of the major central nervous structures consistently altered in obesity. Its role in higher cognitive function, parts of which are affected by obesity, is mediated through projections to and from the cerebral cortex. We therefore investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebellocerebral connectivity.

: refined taxonomy and new insights into the biology and evolution of diatom-infecting DNA viruses.

Bacilladnaviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that infect diatoms that, so far, have been primarily identified in marine organisms and environments. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we discovered 13 novel bacilladnaviruses originating from samples of mud-flat snail (; =3 genomes) and benthic sediments (=10 genomes) collected from the Avon-Heathcote Estuary in New Zealand. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of the new bacilladnavirus sequences in the context of the previously classified members of the family helped refine and further expand the taxonomy.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for MDS-clinical issues, choosing preparative regimens and outcome.

Despite the vast heterogeneity of myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS), treatment options are limited and an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only curative approach. While, subsequently, allo-HSCT is the treatment of choice in fit high-risk MDS patients younger than 70 years, it should only be considered in young and fit low-risk MDS patients who suffer from severe and life threatening cytopenias, and fail all available conservative treatment options. With the increasing use of mismatched or haploidentical donors, the majority of MDS patients will have a suitable donor available, however, matched donors should still be preferred if rapidly available.

Diagnosis and Monitoring Pathways Using Non-Invasive Tests in Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Associated Liver Disease: Results From an Expert Delphi Panel.

Background And Aims: The severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) genotype Pi*ZZ increases the risk of liver disease (AATD-LD) and lung disease. While non-invasive tests (NITs) are widely used for fibrosis stage and monitoring of all liver diseases, the consensus for use in AATD-LD is limited. A Delphi panel study was conducted to address this need.

Semiology of seizures with temporo-polar or "medio-lateral" temporal origin: A systematic review.

A systematic review using PRISMA criteria was used to review the literature regarding the specific semiology of seizure arising (a) from the temporal pole or (b) from both medial and lateral temporal cortex. Evidence was analyzed with regard to information provided by intracranial EEG recordings and surgical outcomes, and an estimation of validity of reported signs and symptoms was performed. Semiology of seizures originating from the temporal pole was mostly related to diverse patterns of ictal spread rather than to the localization of seizure origin and comprised a wide variety of early signs and symptoms.

The true atomistic structure of a disordered crystal: a computational study on the photon upconverting material β-NaYF and its Er-, Tm-, and Yb-doped derivates.

Hexagonal (β-) NaYF and LiYF doped with trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln, , Er, Tm, and Yb) are well-known photon upconverting materials. This property is crucially determined by the precise location of the Ln dopant ions and their closest neighbouring ions in the host material. However, due to the inherent disorder of the crystal structures the atomistic structure of a disordered crystal such as β-NaYF is not unambiguously provided by X-ray diffraction techniques.

Neglected Microbes in Floral Nectar: Influence of Filamentous Fungi on Nectar Scent and Parasitoid Olfactory Responses.

Floral nectar is a sugar-rich resource which is ubiquitously inhabited by a wide array of microorganisms. Fermentation by nectar-inhabiting microbes can alter several nectar traits, including nectar scent, via changes in the blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although there is growing evidence on how yeasts and bacteria influence the foraging behavior of flower-visiting insects, the potential role of other microbial taxa that can colonize nectar has been largely neglected.

Dynamic Mathematical Processing Through Symbolic, Situational, and Verbal Representations.

In this paper, we discuss symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical processing. These three modes of processing are conducted by the mediums of symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical representations. While symbolic processing is a suppressive-oriented mechanism, situational one is receptive-oriented and reliant on sensorimotor features of elements in the context of mathematical representation.

Influence of buccal bone lamella defects on hard and soft tissues with submerged and non-submerged healing in immediate implants - an experimental study in minipigs.

Purpose: This study assessed the impact of the buccal bone on hard and soft tissues in submerged and non-submerged immediate implants using a minipig model.

Methods: Sixty-five titanium implants (Camlog Progressive Line) were placed in four minipigs immediately after tooth extraction. All non-submerged (NSM) implants received a mechanically induced buccal bone defect (NSM-BD), whereas the submerged group (SM) was classified as defective (SM-BD) and intact (SM-BI).

Robotic CBCT meets robotic ultrasound.

Purpose: The multi-modality imaging system offers optimal fused images for safe and precise interventions in modern clinical practices, such as computed tomography-ultrasound (CT-US) guidance for needle insertion. However, the limited dexterity and mobility of current imaging devices hinder their integration into standardized workflows and the advancement toward fully autonomous intervention systems. In this paper, we present a novel clinical setup where robotic cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and robotic US are pre-calibrated and dynamically co-registered, enabling new clinical applications.

Epidemiology of first-time major lower extremity amputations- A Danish Nationwide cohort study from 2010 to 2021.

Background And Aim: Major lower extremity amputations (MLEA) are common procedures. Potential changes in surgical strategy and patient characteristics over time have not been described previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rates and surgical strategies of first-time MLEAs over time from 2010 to 2021.

Identification and Seasonal Abundance of Web- and Air-Borne Sex Pheromone Components of Western Black Widow Spiders, Latrodectus hesperus.

Sex pheromones mediate mate location in many animal taxa. Widow spider males are attracted to sex pheromones disseminating from female webs. Upon arrival on a web, males court in response to web-borne contact pheromone components.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease- surgical treatment options.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), is a rare avascular osteonecrosis of the proximal femur usually occurring in children between 5 and 10 years of age. The cause of ischemia leading to necrosis of the femoral head remains unknown. The goal of surgical treatment for LCPD is to improve the containment of the femoral head to restore the function of the hip joint and prevent further damage to the femoral head leading to premature hip osteoarthritis.

Could adaptive deep brain stimulation treat freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease?

Next-generation neurostimulators capable of running closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) are about to enter the clinical landscape for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Already promising results using aDBS have been achieved for symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and motor fluctuations. However, the heterogeneity of freezing of gait (FoG) with its wide range of clinical presentations and its exacerbation with cognitive and emotional load make it more difficult to predict and treat.

Minimal changes in patella height after aseptic revision from unicompartmental to total knee arthroplasty.

Introduction: If revision of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is required, converting it to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains the favored approach. However, worse functional outcomes after revision from UKA to TKA are reported compared to primary TKAs. One potential driver may be a decline in patella height, limiting knee flexion, and increasing patellofemoral stress.

Heart rate variability biofeedback in patients with functional dizziness.

Background: Functional dizziness is one of the most common causes of chronic dizziness. Associated psychiatric diseases such as depression and anxiety lead to significant impairment, possibly due to autonomic nervous system imbalance. We investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback can modulate autonomic function in patients with functional dizziness.

The DNase TREX1 is a substrate of the intramembrane protease SPP with implications for disease pathogenesis.

Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an ER-resident aspartyl intramembrane protease cleaving proteins within type II-oriented transmembrane segments. Here, we identified the tail-anchored protein Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) as a novel substrate of SPP. Based on its DNase activity, TREX1 removes cytosolic DNA acting as a negative regulator of the DNA-sensing cGAS/STING pathway.

No evidence for paradoxical effects of tocilizumab in rodents.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with important functions in health and disease. In order to activate its target cells, IL-6 binds first to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), which in turn induces the recruitment and homodimerization of the signal-transducing β-receptor gp130 and the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT cascade. IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases, and tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the IL-6R and thus blocks the biological activities of IL-6, is in clinical use worldwide for the treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.

The bioactivity of atraric acid as an inducer of cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells is retained by lipophilic derivatives.

Esters have been described as bioactive chemical compounds. However, the presence of an ester as a functional group is often associated with hydrolytic liability. Therefore, it is often unclear whether esters serve as pro-drugs and are rather converted into bioactive drugs in cells.