Contribution of mozambioside roasting products to coffee's bitter taste.

Roasting degrades the coffee compound mozambioside (1) into several products, including 17-O-β-D-glucosyl-11-hydroxycafestol-2-one (2), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-16-desoxycafestol-2-one (3), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-(S)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-one (4), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-15,16-dehydrocafestol-2-one (5), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-(R)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-one (6), bengalensol (7), and 11-hydroxycafestol-2-one (8). A UHPLC-MS/MS method was established to quantify 1-8 and monitor their formation during authentic coffee roasting. Concentrations of 1 and the dominant roasting products 4, 5, and 7 ranged from 21.

First results from a multimodal psychosomatic post-COVID treatment approach - a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Clinical experiences using a psychosomatic-oriented multimodal treatment approach in patients with post-COVID are promising. We established a half-day multimodal treatment program for post-COVID patients at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine at General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Germany.

Methods: This observational study between January 2022 and March 2023 comprised baseline documentation of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQD), ICD-10 Symptom Rating (ISR), Fatigue Scale (FS) and Health Status Questionnaire (SF-12) at admission and discharge of 65 patients suffering from post-COVID.

Enhancing seagrass restoration success: Detecting and quantifying mechanisms of wave-induced dislodgement.

Seagrass meadows are one of the most productive ecosystems of the world. Seagrass enhances biodiversity, sequesters CO and functions as a coastal protection measure by mitigating waves and enhancing sedimentation. However, populations are declining in many regions and natural recolonization of bare sediment beds is protracted and unlikely.

Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage and the social determinants of influenza vaccination among people over 50 with diabetes in Europe: Analyzing population-based SHARE data for the 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 influenza seasons.

Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage data for adults with chronic medical conditions are very scarce. We aimed to investigate the influenza vaccination rates and explore the common social determinants associated with vaccination in Europe across two influenza seasons.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the European SHARE survey for the 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 influenza seasons.

The impact of information and communication technology on immunisation and immunisation programmes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Low-income and Middle-income Countries (LMIC) are continually working to ensure everyone can access life-saving vaccines. Recognising the considerable impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in healthcare, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise ICT effectiveness in improving vaccine delivery in LMICs.

Methods: A systematic search from January 2010 to August 2023 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, BMJ Health & Care Informatics, and grey literature was performed.

Individual application patterns of Cannabis-based Medicines in Germany - Descriptive evaluation of a patient survey and discussion from a forensic perspective.

Background: An increasing number of countries have legalised cannabis for medicinal purposes in recent years leading to tensions with other regulatory frameworks. Some countries grant a medical defence according to their drug driving legislations. This may lead to specific medico-legal assessments relating to the participation of cannabis patients in road traffic.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 2: Treatment - Update 2024.

A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.

One direction? Cultural aspects of the mental number line beyond reading direction.

Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants' responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, which describes faster left-/right-hand responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively.

Music medicine and music therapy in neonatal care: a scoping review of passive music listening research applications and findings on infant development and medical practice.

Background: In recent years, the use of music as a therapeutic and developmental tool for infants, especially within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), has seen a surge in interest. Despite a growing body of research underscoring the potential benefits of music therapy and music medicine in enhancing infant development and aiding medical practices, the specific characteristics of music that maximize these benefits remain poorly understood.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive foundation by mapping the existing literature on passive music listening and identifying gaps, trends, and patterns that are crucial precursors to the development of best practices.

The Dual Roles of Lamin A/C in Macrophage Mechanotransduction.

Cellular mechanotransduction is a complex physiological process that integrates alterations in the external environment with cellular behaviours. In recent years, the role of the nucleus in mechanotransduction has gathered increased attention. Our research investigated the involvement of lamin A/C, a component of the nuclear envelope, in the mechanotransduction of macrophages under compressive force.

Evaluation of the lengthening of the magnetically controlled growing rods in juvenile and early-onset scoliosis.

Introduction: The treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) has seen significant advancements, particularly with the introduction of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR). However, a discrepancy between reported and actual rod lengthening during treatment has raised concerns.

Hypothesis: This retrospective study aims to investigate the disparity between reported and actual lengthening of MCGR and to identify factors contributing to the failure of the lengthening process.

Molecular Insights into the Therapeutic Mechanisms of BuShen-QiangDu-ZhiLv Decoction for Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic immune disease characterized by high disability rates, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. BuShen-QiangDu-ZhiLv Decoction (BQZD), developed by the renowned traditional Chinese medicine practitioner Jiao Shude, has been traditionally used for AS treatment. However, the bioactive components and the precise mechanisms underlying BQZD's therapeutic effects remain largely unexplored.

RORc expressing immune cells negatively regulate tertiary lymphoid structure formation and support their pro-tumorigenic functions.

Background And Aims: RORc-expressing immune cells play important roles in inflammation, autoimmune disease and cancer. They are required for lymphoid organogenesis and have been implicated in tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. TLSs are formed in many cancer types and have been correlated with better prognosis and response to immunotherapy.

A meta-analysis of dietary inhibitors for reducing methane emissions via modulating rumen microbiota in ruminants.

Background: Rumen methane emissions (RME) significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the essentials to identify effective inhibitors for RME mitigation. Despite various inhibitors shown potential in reducing RME by modulating rumen microbes, their impacts include considerable variations and inconsistency.

Objective: We aimed to quantitively assess the impacts of various methane inhibitors on RME, rumen microbial abundance and fermentation in ruminants.

Kynurenine pathway dysregulation as a mechanistic link between cognitive impairment and brain damage: Implications for multiple sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting from inflammation-related brain damage and brain network dysfunction. Inflammation also causes dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway which is the primary route of tryptophan catabolism. Kynurenine pathway dysregulation is characterised by a shift in concentrations of tryptophan catabolites, also referred to as kynurenines.

Exploring foreign language anxiety and resting-state EEG alpha asymmetry.

Anxiety experienced when interacting in a foreign language hinders communication through detrimental behavioral, cognitive, and somatic effects. Despite its impact, there is limited research on how neural asymmetry relates to foreign language anxiety (FLA). While researchers have investigated FLA through brain imaging, there remains an absence of studies examining its correlation with frontal alpha asymmetry.

Enhanced capture of preeclampsia-derived extracellular vesicles from maternal plasma by monocytes and T lymphocytes.

Released from trophoblast and other fetal cells, placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) reach the maternal peripheral blood and modulate immune responses. Increased EVs in plasma of preeclampsia (PE) patients indicate their involvement in the etiology of this condition. This study addresses the uptake of plasma EVs by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and explores the underlying internalization mechanisms.

Diverging paths: Modeling the relation between adverse effects, attitudes, perceived adherence, and treatment effect in an internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background And Aim: The efficacy of internet-based interventions (IBI) for various psychiatric disorders is widely established, but little is known about the mechanisms or possible influencing factors. One of the most prominent problems in IBI is low adherence, but the relationship between adherence and level of improvement is still unclear. Patients' attitudes and beliefs about IBI as well as the experience of adverse effects-another widely neglected topic-may also influence the effectiveness of these interventions.

Impact of wettability onto the growth of air bubbles at micro-cavities on silicon wafers: Experiments, simulations, and analytical solutions.

Hypothesis: The surface wettability influences the oversaturation-driven growth of gas bubbles on the surface via the contact angle. Larger contact angles on hydrophobic surfaces compared to hydrophilic ones lead to faster growth of bubbles nucleating at microcavities of identical size.

Experiments: Cylindric micro-cavities were etched in silicon wafers as nucleation sites.

Dynamic associations between daily acting with awareness and emotion regulation in individuals living with the effects of a stroke.

One often-overlooked consequence of stroke is a deficit in emotion regulation. Acting with awareness in everyday life has been found to support emotion regulation but it is an open question whether such associations generalize to stroke populations. Factors associated with emotion regulation in stroke survivors are key to inform rehabilitation efforts.

Corticospinal and Clinical Effects of Muscle Tendon Vibration in Neurologically Impaired Individuals. A Scoping Review.

This review verified the extent, variety, quality and main findings of studies that have tested the neurophysiological and clinical effects of muscle tendon vibration (VIB) in individuals with sensorimotor impairments. The search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, and SportDiscuss up to April 2024. Studies were selected if they included humans with neurological impairments, applied VIB and used at least one measure of corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Physiological shedding and C-terminal proteolytic processing of TMEM106B.

Genetic variants in TMEM106B, coding for a transmembrane protein of unknown function, have been identified as critical genetic modulators in various neurodegenerative diseases with a strong effect in patients with frontotemporal degeneration. The luminal domain of TMEM106B can form amyloid-like fibrils upon proteolysis. Whether this luminal domain is generated under physiological conditions and which protease(s) are involved in shedding remain unclear.

Genetic analysis of psychosis Biotypes: shared Ancestry-adjusted polygenic risk and unique genomic associations.

The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) created psychosis Biotypes based on neurobiological measurements in a multi-ancestry sample. These Biotypes cut across DSM diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Two recently developed post hoc ancestry adjustment methods of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) generate Ancestry-Adjusted PRSs (AAPRSs), which allow for PRS analysis of multi-ancestry samples.

A position and wave spectra dataset of Marginal Ice Zone dynamics collected around Svalbard in 2022 and 2023.

Sea ice is a key element of the global Earth system, with a major impact on global climate and regional weather. Unfortunately, accurate sea ice modeling is challenging due to the diversity and complexity of underlying physics happening there, and a relative lack of ground truth observations. This is especially true for the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), which is the area where sea ice is affected by incoming ocean waves.