Resonant song recognition and the evolution of acoustic communication in crickets.

Cricket song recognition is thought to evolve through modifications of a shared neural network. However, the species has an unusual recognition pattern that challenges this view: females respond to both normal male song pulse periods and periods twice as long. Of the three minimal models tested, only a single-neuron model with an oscillating membrane could explain this unusual behavior.

The impact of temporal distribution on fear extinction learning.

Fear extinction is the foundation of exposure therapy for anxiety and phobias. However, the stability of extinction memory diminishes over time, coinciding with fear recovery. To augment long-term extinction retention, the temporal distribution of extinction learning sessions is critical.

A short screen for lifetime sexual victimization experiences: Expanding research on the Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire (SAHQ) across cultures, genders, and sexual identities.

The Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire (SAHQ), a widely used screening tool for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult sexual assault (AASA) experiences, has limited examination of its psychometric properties in diverse populations. Our study assessed the SAHQ's psychometric properties (i.e.

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research.

Nanosafety assessment, which seeks to evaluate the risks from exposure to nanoscale materials, spans materials synthesis and characterisation, exposure science, toxicology, and computational approaches, resulting in complex experimental workflows and diverse data types. Managing the data flows, with a focus on provenance (who generated the data and for what purpose) and quality (how was the data generated, using which protocol with which controls), as part of good research output management, is necessary to maximise the reuse potential and value of the data. Instance maps have been developed and evolved to visualise experimental nanosafety workflows and to bridge the gap between the theoretical principles of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable) data and the everyday practice of experimental researchers.

Interplay between conformational dynamics and substrate binding regulates enzymatic activity: a single-molecule FRET study.

Proteins often harness extensive motions of domains and subunits to promote their function. Deciphering how these movements impact activity is key for understanding life's molecular machinery. The enzyme adenylate kinase is an intriguing example for this relationship; it ensures efficient catalysis by large-scale domain motions that lead to the enclosure of the bound substrates ATP and AMP.

Spatial distribution of fine-grained floodplain deposits and anthropogenic materials based on official borehole data in the floodplain of Leipzig, Germany.

This data set includes the spatial model of the thickness and distribution of fine-grained floodplain deposits in the Leipzig floodplain area. The data set originates from borehole records provided by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology [1]. The data processing involved the categorization of the stratigraphic descriptions of the borehole logs.

Analyzing the Effectiveness of Different Delivery Methods for Remineralization Agents in Pediatric Dental Health: A Systematic Review.

Pediatric dental health is critically impacted by enamel demineralization and early-stage caries, with remineralization therapies playing a vital role in preventing progression. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of various delivery methods for remineralization agents in pediatric patients aged 3-15 years, focusing on varnishes, gels, foams, and sprays. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, or case-control studies involving pediatric patients with early-stage caries or enamel demineralization, while studies with non-pediatric populations, unrelated treatments, or significant methodological flaws were excluded.

Fine-tuning a local LLaMA-3 large language model for automated privacy-preserving physician letter generation in radiation oncology.

Introduction: Generating physician letters is a time-consuming task in daily clinical practice.

Methods: This study investigates local fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), specifically LLaMA models, for physician letter generation in a privacy-preserving manner within the field of radiation oncology.

Results: Our findings demonstrate that base LLaMA models, without fine-tuning, are inadequate for effectively generating physician letters.

AI-guided virtual biopsy: Automated differentiation of cerebral gliomas from other benign and malignant MRI findings using deep learning.

Background: This study aimed to develop an automated algorithm to noninvasively distinguish gliomas from other intracranial pathologies, preventing misdiagnosis and ensuring accurate analysis before further glioma assessment.

Methods: A cohort of 1280 patients with a variety of intracranial pathologies was included. It comprised 218 gliomas (mean age 54.

Phytolith assemblages from palm leaves and palm-leaf manuscripts: what is the difference and what it could mean?

We studied freshly collected, dried and herbarized leaf fragments of two palms, namely L. and L., most commonly used for palm-leaf manuscript (PLM) production in South (S) and Southeast Asia (SE) in order to reveal differences in their phytolith assemblages.

Joint TITE-CRM: A Design for Dose Finding Studies for Therapies with Late-Onset Safety and Activity Outcomes.

In Phase I/II dose-finding trials, the objective is to find the Optimal Biological Dose (OBD), a dose that is both safe and shows sufficient activity that maximizes some optimality criterion based on safety and activity. In cancer, treatment is typically given over several cycles, complicating the identification of the OBD as both toxicity and activity outcomes may occur at any point throughout the follow up of multiple cycles. In this work we present and assess the Joint TITE-CRM, a model-based design for late onset toxicities and activity based on the well-known TITE-CRM.

Comparison of dark-field chest radiography and CT for the assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background: Dark-field chest radiography allows the assessment of the structural integrity of the alveoli by exploiting the wave properties of x-rays.

Purpose: To compare the qualitative and quantitative features of dark-field chest radiography in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with conventional CT imaging.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, patients aged at least 18 years who underwent chest CT for clinically suspected COVID-19 infection were screened for participation.

Case report: Dirofilarial infection of the face.

An 18-year-old male patient from Ukraine, living in Germany for 2 years, presented with a painless subcutaneous swelling on the left cheek that had been present for several months. Finally, the diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by was confirmed by 12S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing from tissue by nematode-specific PCRs followed by sequencing after surgical resection of the lesion. Microfilaremia was ruled out and no further treatment was required.

Advances in gastrointestinal vascular bleeding disorders: Successful sirolimus treatment in colonic angioectasia.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) vascular bleeding disorders pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex pathogenesis and varied treatment responses. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, optimal management strategies remain elusive, necessitating further research.

Aim: To assess research trends and clinical advancements in GI vascular bleeding disorders, highlighting key themes and therapeutic progress.

Heart Failure in Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in Women and Men in the Tromsø Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist and impact morbidity and mortality. There is limited knowledge on the association of AF subtypes with HF according to sex.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between AF subtypes and subsequent HF, identifying HF risk factors in participants with AF, and exploring the combined impact on mortality.

Elevated Plasma CXCL8 Concentrations in Significant Fibrosis but Not in Subclinical Rejection After Adult Liver Transplantation.

Background: The noninvasive detection of subclinical graft injury including subclinical T cell-mediated rejection (subTCMR) is one of the unresolved challenges after liver transplantation. Recently, serum C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) was proposed as a highly accurate marker of subTCMR in pediatric liver transplant recipients. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the quantification of this chemokine for predicting subTCMR in adult liver transplant recipients, as well as its capacity to classify patients who could benefit from immunosuppression reduction.

Reactivity of Wet scCO toward Reservoir and Caprock Formations under Elevated Pressure and Temperature Conditions: Implications for CCS and CO-Based Geothermal Energy Extraction.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CO-based geothermal energy are promising technologies for reducing CO emissions and mitigating climate change. Safe implementation of these technologies requires an understanding of how CO interacts with fluids and rocks at depth, particularly under elevated pressure and temperature. While CO-bearing aqueous solutions in geological reservoirs have been extensively studied, the chemical behavior of water-bearing supercritical CO remains largely overlooked by academics and practitioners alike.

Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword.

Gliomas are the most common lethal tumors of the brain associated with a poor prognosis and increased resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), newly identified noncoding RNAs, have appeared as critical regulators of therapeutic resistance among multiple cancers and gliomas. Since circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in glioma and may act as promoters or inhibitors of therapeutic resistance, we categorized alterations of these specific RNAs expression in therapy resistant-glioma in three different classes, including chemoresistance, radioresistance, and glioma stem cell (GSC)-regulation.

Physiological arterial pressure improves renal performance during normothermic machine perfusion in a porcine kidney DCD model.

Background: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides a platform for kidney quality assessment. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor kidneys are associated with great ischemic injury and high intrarenal resistance (IRR). This experimental study aims to investigate the impact of different perfusion pressures on marginal kidney function and injury during NMP.

A framework to evaluate public green spaces with an emphasis on recreational values for sustainable urban and rural areas: A systematic review and content analysis.

Though numerous studies acknowledge the critical role played by green spaces (GS) in bolstering sustainability in various dimensions, a majority of these investigations primarily center on the ecological aspect and urban environments. Due to the multifaceted benefits of GSs, different categories and expectations of these spaces can be identified across disciplines. Hence, no single method exists for evaluating the success of GSs in promoting sustainability due to the multifaceted benefits and variety of expectations.

The impact of preoperative venous thromboembolism on patients undergoing TURBT: Perioperative outcomes and healthcare costs from US insurance claims data.

Objectives: To assess the impact of a positive history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on perioperative outcomes, including length of in-hospital stay, readmission rates, 90-day postoperative complications, and healthcare costs in bladder cancer (BCa) patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) in the United States.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with a BCa diagnosis undergoing TURBT were identified in the Merative® Marketscan® Research de-identified databases between 2007 and 2021. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted by relevant perioperative confounders was used to investigate the association between diagnosis of VTE before TURBT and 90-day complication rates, new postoperative VTE events, re-hospitalization, and total hospital expenditures (2021 US dollars).

SPIRIT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials protocols.

Unlabelled: Transparent and accurate reporting in early phase dose-finding (EPDF) clinical trials is crucial for informing subsequent larger trials. The SPIRIT statement, designed for trial protocol content, does not adequately cover the distinctive features of EPDF trials. Recent findings indicate that the protocol contents in past EPDF trials frequently lacked completeness and clarity.

CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Early phase dose-finding (EPDF) trials are key in the development of novel therapies, with their findings directly informing subsequent clinical development phases and providing valuable insights for reverse translation. Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. However, quality of reporting of design characteristics and results from EPDF trials is often variable and incomplete.