Selective Lipophilization of Natural Phenolic Alcohols Induced by Choline Chloride-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents.

In this scientific work, a novel and green method for selective lipophilization of EVOO's bioactive phenolic alcohols (PAs), namely, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite homovanillyl alcohol as fatty acid esters, is elucidated. The PAs have been employed as hydrogen bond donors in the formation of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) with choline chloride (ChCl). The fast and cheap esterification method by formation of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents promotes the derivatization of PAs with various fatty acids as acylating agents in the absence of organic solvents and catalysts.

Hydroxytyrosol oleate: A promising neuroprotective nanocarrier delivery system of oleuropein and derivatives.

Olive Phenols (OPs) are known to be potent antioxidants and possess various bioactivities and health benefits. Epidemiological studies suggested that consumption of olive oil reduces the risk of different diseases exerting a protective effect against certain malignant tumors (prostate, breast, digestive tract, endothelium, etc.).

Natalizumab wearing-off symptoms: effect of extend interval dosing during Sars-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Many patients treated with Natalizumab experience wearing-off symptoms (WoS) towards the end of the administration cycle. During the pandemic we advised and asked patients undergoing treatment with Natalizumab if they wanted to be shifted from a standard interval dosing (StID of 4 weeks) to an extended interval dosing (ExID of 5-6 weeks), regardless of their JCV index. Our main objective was to study prevalence and incidence of WoS when ExID was adopted.

A Novel Homozygous Variant in DYSF Gene Is Associated with Autosomal Recessive Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R2/2B.

Mutations in the DYSF gene, encoding dysferlin, are responsible for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type R2/2B (LGMDR2/2B), Miyoshi myopathy (MM), and Distal Myopathy with Anterior Tibialis onset (MDAT). The size of the gene and the reported inter and intra familial phenotypic variability make early diagnosis difficult. Genetic analysis was conducted using Next Gene Sequencing (NGS), with a panel of 40 Muscular Dystrophies associated genes we designed.

Short-Term Survivorship of 3D-Printed Titanium Metaphyseal Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the outcomes of tantalum cones in revision knee arthroplasty with moderate-to-severe metaphyseal bone defects. However, recent innovations have led to the development of 3-D printed titanium cones to better adapt to host bone, there remains no consensus on their overall performance.

Objective: We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature to examine short-term survivorship and complication rates of their usage in revision TKAs.

The Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using Microwave Irradiation.

The benzimidazole ring of the heterocyclic pharmacophores is one of the most widespread and studied systems in nature. The benzimidazole derivative synthesis study is a crucial point for the development of a clinically available benzimidazole-based drug. Here, we report a simple microwave assisted method for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles.

Military Working Dogs Operating in Afghanistan Theater: Comparison between Pre- and Post-Mission Blood Analyses to Monitor Physical Fitness and Training.

The intergovernmental organization known as the United Nations (UN) was born "to maintain international peace and security" through different operations and tasks, including "mine action" and "explosive detection". Explosives are the most frequent cause of injuries in military personnel and an enormous danger for civilians. The role of explosive detection dogs (EDDs) and mine detection dogs has gained great consideration over time, leading to their intense use in military operations.

Quali-quantitative monitoring of chemocatalytic cellulose conversion into lactic acid by FT-NIR spectroscopy.

Chemocatalytic conversion of cellulose into lactic acid is a valuable alternative to simple sugar fermentation. Nevertheless, the procedures still need optimization to be translated to the industrial scale. Such translation would benefit by on-line monitoring of reaction parameters by fast, inexpensive, direct spectroscopic techniques.

Targeting of the Pilosebaceous Follicle by Liquid Crystal Nanocarriers: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Entrapped Minoxidil.

The topical administration of active compounds represents an advantageous strategy to reach the various skin components as well as its appendages. Pilosebaceous follicles are skin appendages originating in the deeper skin layers. They are very difficult to target, and hence higher active dosages are generally required to achieve effective biological responses, thus favoring the rise of side effects.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent as Extraction Media for the Main Phenolic Compounds from Olive Oil Processing Wastes.

In this new century, sustainable development challenges chemical sciences to develop new and clean technological processes. The agri-food industry produces significant quantities of waste, raising significant economic and environmental concerns. Food waste valorization using environmentally friendly procedures is of increasing importance.

Antidepressant effect of vagal nerve stimulation in epilepsy patients: a systematic review.

Background: Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective palliative therapy in drug-resistant epileptic patients and is also approved as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Depression is a frequent comorbidity in epilepsy and it affects the quality of life of patients more than the seizure frequency itself. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the available literature about the VNS effect on depressive symptoms in epileptic patients.

Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature in Working Dogs before and after Three Different Field Trials.

Physiological changes (pulse rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) induced by exercise are usually studied as physical fitness indices. The aim of this study was to investigate how these physiological parameters could be modified in a group of trained working dogs during three different field trials (rubble, search on field, obedience), in order to assess which parameter would be more useful to detect the dog response to exercise. Nine dogs were included in this study.

Pre- and post-surgical evaluation of plasma lactate concentration in 45 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: A preliminary study.

This preliminary study was designed to contribute to the evaluation of reliability of plasma lactate concentration (PLC) and its clearance as predictive and prognostic factors of gastric necrosis and clinical outcome of dogs affected by gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Main aims of the study were: 1) to evaluate the prognostic reliability of PLC at presentation (T0) in dogs with GDV, 2) to compare the obtained data and considerations with the veterinary literature, and 3) to introduce the possible validity of PLC values at 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hours after surgery as a predictive factor. Dogs with GDV were retrospectively evaluated.

Combined Ultrasound/Microwave Chemocatalytic Method for Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Lactic Acid.

Cellulose is the main component of lignocellulosic biomass. Its direct chemocatalytic conversion into lactic acid (LA), a powerful biobased chemical platform, represents an important, and more easily scalable alternative to the fermentative way. In this paper, we present the selective hydrothermal conversion of cellulose and simple sugars into LA, under mild reaction conditions in presence of ErCl grafted on the mesoporous silica (MCM-41) surface.

Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae.

The procedures for the extraction and separation of lipids and nutraceutics from microalgae using classic solvents have been frequently used over the years. However, these production methods usually require expensive and toxic solvents. Based on our studies involving the use of eco-sustainable methodologies and alternative solvents, we selected ethanol (EtOH) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) for extracting bio-oil and lipids from algae.

Author Correction: The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Green Synthesis of Privileged Benzimidazole Scaffolds Using Active Deep Eutectic Solvent.

The exploitation and use of alternative synthetic methods, in the face of classical procedures that do not conform to the ethics of green chemistry, represent an ever-present problem in the pharmaceutical industry. The procedures for the synthesis of benzimidazoles have become a focus in synthetic organic chemistry, as they are building blocks of strong interest for the development of compounds with pharmacological activity. Various benzimidazole derivatives exhibit important activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, and some of the already synthesized compounds have found very strong applications in medicine praxis.

[ANMCO/SIC/GISE/ARCA/SIRM Consensus document: Description of coronary atherosclerosis for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes].

Both conventional coronary angiography and cardiac computed tomography have greatly improved our diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with either suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease. Although several other tools can provide information about coronary anatomy or function, invasive coronary angiography and, more recently, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are the most commonly used imaging modalities. Coronary atherosclerosis is the most common disease of the coronary arteries and its presence identifies patients at increased risk of events.

Hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-375 as Biomarkers for Monitoring the Effects of Drug Treatment for Migraine Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Study.

MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as biomarkers of migraine disease in both adults and children. In this study we evaluated the expression of hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-375 in serum and saliva of young subjects (age 11 ± 3.467 years) with migraine without aura (MWA), while some underwent pharmacological treatment, and healthy young subjects were used as controls.

Color vision study to assess the impaired retina-brain cortex pathway in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study in Calabria (Southern Italy).

The present pilot study was undertaken to investigate the impaired acquired color vision on Calabrian male sample showing this parameter as a biological marker in type 2 diabetes. All patients and controls underwent three pseudo-isochromatic clinical test batteries: Ishihara test, Farnsworth test, and City University test. The results show a specific loss of short-wavelength (blue sensitivity) and typical tritan responses in diabetic patients.

Mathematical Modeling of Release Kinetics from Supramolecular Drug Delivery Systems.

Embedding of active substances in supramolecular systems has as the main goal to ensure the controlled release of the active ingredients. Whatever the final architecture or entrapment mechanism, modeling of release is challenging due to the moving boundary conditions and complex initial conditions. Despite huge diversity of formulations, diffusion phenomena are involved in practically all release processes.

Kufs disease due to mutation of CLN6: clinical, pathological and molecular genetic features.

Kufs disease is the major adult form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, but is rare and difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis was traditionally dependent on the demonstration of characteristic storage material, but distinction from normal age-related accumulation of lipofuscin can be challenging. Mutation of CLN6 has emerged as the most important cause of recessive Kufs disease but, remarkably, is also responsible for variant late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis.