from Fecally Contaminated Environmental Sources: Resistance and Genetic Relatedness from a Molecular Epidemiological Perspective.

is the most important pathogen causing antimicrobial-associated diarrhea and has recently been recognized as a cause of community-associated infection (CA-CDI). This study aimed to characterize virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), ribotype (RT) distribution and genetic relationship of isolates from diverse fecally contaminated environmental sources. isolates were recovered from different environmental samples in Northern Germany.

Antigen-Specific vs. Neutralizing Antibodies Against Conditioned Media of Patients With Infection: A Prospective Exploratory Study.

The immunological response against is crucial for an improved understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. From April 2014 to February 2015, adult patients with infection (CDI) were recruited, and the clinical course and treatment response were carefully monitored. On day 1, 3, and 6 after diagnosis, patient plasma samples were screened for anti-GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase), anti-TcdA, anti-TcdB, and anti-CWP84 (cell-wall protein 84) antibodies by ELISA.