Cardiovascular Inflammaging: Mechanisms and Translational Aspects.

Aging is one of the major non-reversible risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and it is a key cause of multimorbidity, disability, and frailty (decreased physical activity, fatigue, and weight loss). The underlying cellular mechanisms are complex and consist of multifactorial processes, such as telomere shortening, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of senescent cells, and reduced autophagy. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms and translational aspects of cardiovascular aging-related inflammation, i.

Fasting blood glucose in a Ghanaian adult is causally affected by malaria parasite load: a mechanistic case study using convergent cross mapping.

Background: Adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) in malaria-endemic areas might be more susceptible to Plasmodium infection than healthy individuals. Herein, the study was aimed at verifying the hypothesis that increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) promotes parasite growth as reflected by increased parasite density.

Methods: Seven adults without DM were recruited in rural Ghana to determine the relationships between FBG and malaria parasite load.

Plasma Industrial and Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort.

Objective: Although dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health.

Research Design And Methods: To investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.

The Sensory and Motor Components of the Cortical Hierarchy Are Coupled to the Rhythm of the Stomach during Rest.

Bodily rhythms appear as novel scaffolding mechanisms orchestrating the spatiotemporal organization of spontaneous brain activity. Here, we follow-up on the discovery of the gastric resting-state network (Rebollo et al., 2018), composed of brain regions in which the fMRI signal is phase-synchronized to the slow (0.

Serum potassium concentration and its association with hypertension among Ghanaian migrants and non-migrants: The RODAM study.

Background And Aims: Low serum potassium concentration is associated with hypertension, but whether the same association can be found in African origin populations, is unknown. We assessed serum potassium concentration, and its association with hypertension among Ghanaians living in different geographical locations.

Methods: Baseline data of 962 rural, 1420 urban, and 2947 migrant Ghanaians from the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants study were analysed.

Muscle weakness as an additional criterion for grading sarcopenia-related prognosis in patients with cancer.

Background: Low muscle strength has been pointed out as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, but the prognostic significance of muscle function next to reduced skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with cancer has been scantily investigated.

Methods: Data on muscle strength by handgrip (HG) dynamometry and total-body SMM estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of Italian and German patients with cancer observed prospectively until death or censoring were analysed (N = 1076). Patients were stratified in four risk categories based on low HG (<10th percentiles of age and gender-specific normative values) and low total-body SMM according to SMM index cutoffs (<10.

Analytical considerations for accurately capturing the relevant species contributing to vitamin D status in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays.

This tutorial review focuses on analytical challenges encountered with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is currently still considered the metabolite that is most representative of vitamin D status. It describes how multiple binding states of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (phase II metabolites, epimers, free/bioavailable/protein-bound species) can influence the accuracy of the analytical determination. It also summarizes important chemical species that can inadvertently contribute to vitamin D status and thus cause systematic errors.

AGE-Rich Bread Crust Extract Boosts Oxidative Stress Interception via Stimulation of the NRF2 Pathway.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) result from a non-enzymatic reaction of proteins with reactive carbohydrates. Heat-processed food, such as bread, contains high amounts of AGEs. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by bread crust extract (BCE) is well understood.

Beverages Consumption and Oral Health in the Aging Population: A Systematic Review.

Little study has yet been made of the effect of different beverages on oral health outcomes in the aging population. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the association between different beverages, including alcohol intake, coffee, milk, tea, and sugary drinks, and a cluster of oral health outcomes, including periodontal disease, oral dysbiosis, and tooth loss in older adults. The literature was screened from the inception up to May 2021 using six different electronic databases.

Vitamin E research: Past, now and future.

The early history of vitamin E from its discovery by Herbert M. Evans and Katharine J. S.

Formation of Secondary and Tertiary Volatile Compounds Resulting from the Lipid Oxidation of Rapeseed Oil.

The lipid oxidation of fats and oils leads to volatile organic compounds, having a decisive influence on the sensory quality of foods. To understand formation and degradation pathways and to evaluate the suitability of lipid-derived aldehydes as marker substances for the oxidative status of foods, the formation of secondary and tertiary lipid oxidation compounds was investigated with gas chromatography in rapeseed oils. After 120 min, up to 65 compounds were detected.

Nutritional counseling frequency and baseline food pattern predict implementation of a high-protein and high-polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary pattern: 1-year results of the randomized NutriAct trial.

Background & Aims: NutriAct is a 36-month randomized controlled multi-center trial designed to analyze the effects of a food pattern focusing on a high-protein and high-unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) intake on healthy aging. We aimed to determine factors associated with a successful modulation of dietary pattern after 12 months in elderly participants.

Methods: 502 participants were randomized into either usual care control group including dietary recommendations of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) or an intervention group, which used supplementation of rapeseed oil and specifically designed foods as well as repetitive advices to implement a food pattern based on high intake of predominantly plant proteins, UFA and fiber (NutriAct pattern).

A plasma fatty acid profile associated to type 2 diabetes development: from the CORDIOPREV study.

Purpose: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. For this reason, it is essential to identify biomarkers for the early detection of T2DM risk and/or for a better prognosis of T2DM. We aimed to identify a plasma fatty acid (FA) profile associated with T2DM development.

Affordability of Different Isocaloric Healthy Diets in Germany-An Assessment of Food Prices for Seven Distinct Food Patterns.

Unlabelled: Affordability of different isocaloric healthy diets in Germany-an assessment of food prices for seven distinct food patterns Background: For decades, low-fat diets were recommended as the ideal food pattern to prevent obesity, type 2 diabetes and their long-term complications. Nowadays, several alternatives considering sources and quantity of protein, fat and carbohydrates have arisen and clinical evidence supports all of them for at least some metabolic outcomes. Given this variety in diets and the lack of a single ideal diet, one must evaluate if patients at risk, many of which having a lower income, can actually afford these diets.

Immunobiotic Lactobacilli Improve Resistance of Respiratory Epithelial Cells to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Previously, we reported that immunomodulatory lactobacilli, nasally administered, beneficially regulated the lung antiviral innate immune response induced by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation and improved protection against the respiratory pathogens, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in mice. Here, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of viable and non-viable strains in human respiratory epithelial cells (Calu-3 cells) and the capacity of these immunobiotic lactobacilli to reduce their susceptibility to the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immunobiotic MPL16 and CRL1506 differentially modulated IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL5 and CXCL10 production and , , and expression in Calu-3 cells stimulated with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C).

The blood metabolome of incident kidney cancer: A case-control study nested within the MetKid consortium.

Background: Excess bodyweight and related metabolic perturbations have been implicated in kidney cancer aetiology, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. In this study, we sought to identify circulating metabolites that predispose kidney cancer and to evaluate the extent to which they are influenced by body mass index (BMI).

Methods And Findings: We assessed the association between circulating levels of 1,416 metabolites and incident kidney cancer using pre-diagnostic blood samples from up to 1,305 kidney cancer case-control pairs from 5 prospective cohort studies.

Different Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in High- and Low-Risk Prediabetes: Results of the Randomized Controlled Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS).

Lifestyle intervention (LI) can prevent type 2 diabetes, but response to LI varies depending on risk subphenotypes. We tested whether individuals with prediabetes with low risk (LR) benefit from conventional LI and individuals with high risk (HR) benefit from an intensification of LI in a multicenter randomized controlled intervention over 12 months with 2 years' follow-up. A total of 1,105 individuals with prediabetes based on American Diabetes Association glucose criteria were stratified into an HR or LR phenotype based on previously described thresholds of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and liver fat content.

Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges.

Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old.

Associations between nutritional frailty and 8-year all-cause mortality in older adults: The Salus in Apulia Study.

Introduction: Preventive nutritional management of frailty, a multidimensional intermediate status in the ageing process, may reduce the risk of adverse health-related outcomes. We investigated the ability of a measure combining physical frailty with nutritional imbalance, defined as nutritional frailty, to predict all-cause mortality over a period of up to 8 years.

Methods: We analysed data on 1,943 older adults from the population-based 'Salus in Apulia Study'.

Dietary preferences in the context of intra-couple dynamics: Relationship types within the German NutriAct family cohort.

To promote healthy diets in older age, a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing dietary behaviour and underlying preferences is essential. Romantic relationships are focal socialisation contexts, in which diet-related preferences and practices are dynamically negotiated. Our aim was to reconstruct intra-couple dynamics shaping dietary preferences and comparatively analyse relationship types among older couples.