Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) dietary exposure is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dietary exposures to dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Methods: This prospective cohort study with a median 11.7 years of follow-up, included 318,416 individuals recruited in 21 centers in eight countries.

Sex- and site-specific associations of circulating lipocalin 2 and incident colorectal cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort.

Experimental research has uncovered lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a novel biomarker implicated in the modulation of intestinal inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and colon carcinogenesis. However, evidence from human research has been scant. We, therefore, explored the association of pre-diagnostic circulating LCN2 concentrations with incident colorectal cancer (CRC) in a nested case-control study within the in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Transcriptomic heterogeneity of non-beta islet cells is associated with type 2 diabetes development in mouse models.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to understand the role of non-beta cells in pancreatic islets at early stages of type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.

Methods: Specific clustering was employed to single-cell transcriptome data from islet cells of obese mouse strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility (diabetes-resistant B6.V.

Pregnancy alters fatty acid metabolism, glucose regulation, and detoxification of the liver in synchrony with biomechanical property changes.

Pregnancy places a metabolic burden on the body including the liver, which is responsible for ensuring adequate nutrition for the maternal and fetal systems. To gain a better understanding of liver adaptation, this study investigates metabolic shifts occurring in livers of pregnant rats. Metabolic capacities of the livers of pregnant and non-pregnant female Wistar rats were assessed using comprehensive metabolic models.

GDF15 is required for maintaining subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid metabolic signature.

Recent research has identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a crucial factor in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly in energy balance regulation. While the role of GDF15 in modulating energy metabolism through hindbrain GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) signaling has been extensively studied, emerging evidence suggests direct peripheral metabolic actions of GDF15. Using knockout mouse models, we investigated GDF15 and GFRAL's roles in adipose tissue metabolism.

The age pigment lipofuscin causes oxidative stress, lysosomal dysfunction, and pyroptotic cell death.

Accumulation of the age pigment lipofuscin represents a ubiquitous hallmark of the aging process. However, our knowledge about cellular effects of lipofuscin accumulation is potentially flawed, because previous research mainly utilized highly artificial methods of lipofuscin generation. In order to address this tremendous problem, we developed a convenient protocol for isolation of authentic lipofuscin from human and equine cardiac tissue in high purity and quantity.

GDF15 is still a mystery hormone.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Despite its identification over 20 years ago, the functions of GDF15 remain complex and not fully elucidated. Its concentration in plasma varies widely depending on the physiological and pathophysiological state of the organism.

Metabolic effects of medium-chain triacylglycerol consumption are preserved in obesity.

Several health-beneficial effects are associated with intake of medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Furthermore, it remains uncertain whether the acute metabolic effects of MCT differ between lean individuals and individuals with obesity-and whether these effects are sustained following chronic intake. This study aimed to elucidate the postprandial physiological and metabolic effects of MCT before and after 8 days intake compared with intake of energy-matched triacylglycerol consisting of long-chain fatty acids (long-chain triacylglycerols, LCT) using a randomized cross-over design in lean individuals ( = 8) and individuals with obesity ( = 8).

A comprehensive lifestyle index and its associations with DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian adults: the rodam study.

Background: A series of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet quality, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking, may drive the rising burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among sub-Saharan Africans globally. It is unclear whether epigenetic changes play a mediatory role in the associations between these lifestyle factors and T2DM. We assessed the associations between a comprehensive lifestyle index, DNA methylation and T2DM among Ghanaian adults.

Degree of food processing and breast cancer risk: a prospective study in 9 European countries.

Unlabelled: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between ultra-processed food consumption and breast cancer risk, although some studies also reported no association. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the associations between intake of food with lower degrees of processing and breast cancer risk is limited. Thus, we investigated the associations between dietary intake by degree of food processing and breast cancer risk, overall and by breast cancer subtypes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Methionine restriction alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment via activation of FGF21.

Glucose metabolism disturbances may result in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACI). Methionine restriction (MR) diet has emerged as a potential dietary strategy for managing glucose homeostasis. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of MR on DACI have not been fully elucidated.

Insulin oxidation and oxidative modifications alter glucose uptake, cell metabolism, and inflammatory secretion profiles.

Insulin participates in glucose homeostasis in the body and regulates glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidized insulin variants. Oxidative protein modifications can cause functional changes or altered immunogenicity as known from the context of autoimmune disorders.

Accurate locomotor activity profiles of group-housed mice derived from home cage monitoring data.

Introduction: Holistic phenotyping of rodent models is increasing, with a growing awareness of the 3Rs and the fact that specialized experimental setups can also impose artificial restrictions. Activity is an important parameter for almost all basic and applied research areas involving laboratory animals. Locomotor activity, the main form of energy expenditure, influences metabolic rate, muscle mass, and body weight and is frequently investigated in metabolic disease research.

Exposure to aircraft noise exacerbates cardiovascular and oxidative damage in three mouse models of diabetes.

Background: Epidemiology links noise to increased risk of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity. Translational studies in humans and experimental animals showed that noise causes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cardiovascular damage. The interaction between noise and diabetes, specifically potential additive adverse effects, remains to be determined.

Adolescent nutrition in Nigeria: a systematic review.

In this systematic review, we scrutinise adolescent nutrition in Nigeria, focusing on dietary patterns, intake, and nutritional status. Through a systematic examination of observational studies across three major databases, we analysed data from 67,844 adolescents. Our exploration revealed 102 studies, predominantly cross-sectional, addressing various nutritional dimensions.