Implementation of Urgent Start Peritoneal Dialysis Reduces Hemodialysis Catheter Use and Hospital Stay in Patients with Unplanned Dialysis Start.

Background: Unplanned start of renal replacement therapy is common in patients with end-stage renal disease and often accomplished by hemodialysis (HD) using a central venous catheter (CVC). Urgent start using peritoneal dialysis (PD) could be an alternative for some of the patients; however, this requires a hospital-based PD center that offers a structured urgent start PD (usPD) program.

Methods: In this prospective study, we describe the implementation of an usPD program at our university hospital by structuring the process from presentation to PD catheter implantation and start of PD within a few days.

Defining subpopulations of differential drug response to reveal novel target populations.

Personalised medicine has predominantly focused on genetically altered cancer genes that stratify drug responses, but there is a need to objectively evaluate differential pharmacology patterns at a subpopulation level. Here, we introduce an approach based on unsupervised machine learning to compare the pharmacological response relationships between 327 pairs of cancer therapies. This approach integrated multiple measures of response to identify subpopulations that react differently to inhibitors of the same or different targets to understand mechanisms of resistance and pathway cross-talk.

Aldh1b1 expression defines progenitor cells in the adult pancreas and is required for Kras-induced pancreatic cancer.

The presence of progenitor or stem cells in the adult pancreas and their potential involvement in homeostasis and cancer development remain unresolved issues. Here, we show that mouse centroacinar cells can be identified and isolated by virtue of the mitochondrial enzyme Aldh1b1 that they uniquely express. These cells are necessary and sufficient for the formation of self-renewing adult pancreatic organoids in an Aldh1b1-dependent manner.

Regulation of the endosomal SNX27-retromer by OTULIN.

OTULIN (OTU Deubiquitinase With Linear Linkage Specificity) specifically hydrolyzes methionine1 (Met1)-linked ubiquitin chains conjugated by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). Here we report on the mass spectrometric identification of the OTULIN interactor SNX27 (sorting nexin 27), an adaptor of the endosomal retromer complex responsible for protein recycling to the cell surface. The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PDZbm) in OTULIN associates with the cargo-binding site in the PDZ domain of SNX27.

Applying synergy metrics to combination screening data: agreements, disagreements and pitfalls.

Synergistic drug combinations are commonly sought to overcome monotherapy resistance in cancer treatment. To identify such combinations, high-throughput cancer cell line combination screens are performed; and synergy is quantified using competing models based on fundamentally different assumptions. Here, we compare the behaviour of four synergy models, namely Loewe additivity, Bliss independence, highest single agent and zero interaction potency, using the Merck oncology combination screen.

Distinct trajectories of HbA in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes from the DPV registry using a longitudinal group-based modelling approach.

Aim: To identify groups of heterogeneous HbA trajectories over time in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study comprised 6355 adults with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes (55% men, median age 62 years, baseline BMI 31 kg/m ) from the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) prospective multicentre diabetes registry (Germany, Austria). Individuals were assessed during the first 5 years after diabetes diagnosis if they had ≥ 3 aggregated HbA measurements during follow-up.

Assessment of Rwandan diabetic patients' needs and expectations to develop their first diabetes self-management smartphone application (Kir'App).

Background: Knowledge of and coping with diabetes is still poor in some communities in Rwanda. While smartphone applications (or apps) have demonstrated improving diabetes self-care, there is no current study on the use of smartphones in the self-management of diabetes in Rwanda.

Methods: The main objective of this study was to assess the needs and expectations of Rwandan diabetic patients for mobile-health-supported diabetes self-management in order to develop a patient-centred smartphone application (Kir'App).

Fully Automated R-peak Detection Algorithm (FLORA) for fetal magnetoencephalographic data.

Background And Objective: Fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) is a method for recording fetal brain signals, fetal and maternal heart activity simultaneously. The identification of the R-peaks of the heartbeats forms the basis for later heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The current procedure for the evaluation of fetal magnetocardiograms (fMCG) is either semi-automated evaluation using template matching (SATM) or Hilbert transformation algorithm (HTA).

Diabetic nephropathy and quality of life among youths with long-duration type 1 diabetes: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate whether diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with lower quality of life (QOL) in youths with long-duration type 1 diabetes and whether associations differ by diabetes duration.

Methods: Overall, 1,462 youths aged 11 to 17 years with diabetes onset between 0 and 4 years of age and at least 10 years diabetes duration completed questionnaires on QOL between 2009 and 2016. Chronic generic and diabetes-specific QOL (diabetes impact and treatment scale) were assessed with three scales of the DISABKIDS instruments.

Status quo bias and health behavior: findings from a cross-sectional study.

Background: Status quo bias (SQB) has often been referred to as an important tool for improving public health. However, very few studies were able to link SQB with health behavior.

Methods: Analysis were based on data from the population-based KORA S4 study (1999-2001, n = 2309).

Diabetes distress in young adults with early-onset Type 1 diabetes and its prospective relationship with HbA and health status.

Aim: This study aimed to determine cross-sectional relationships between diabetes distress and health-related variables, and prospective associations between diabetes distress and future glycaemic control (HbA ) and health status among young adults with early-onset Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Data were collected from a nationwide cohort study of adults whose Type 1 diabetes onset occurred from 0 to 4 years of age during 1993-2002. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in 2012-2013 and 2015-2016 (N = 584).

Acute fibrinolysis shutdown occurs early in septic shock and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality: results of an observational pilot study.

Background: Septic coagulopathy represents a very dynamic disease entity, tilting from initial hypercoagulability towards a subsequent hypocoagulable disease state, entitled overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Acute fibrinolysis shutdown has recently been described to be a crucial component of initial hypercoagulability in critically ill patients, although the underlying pathomechanisms, the specific temporal kinetics and its outcome relevance in patients with sepsis remain to be determined.

Methods: In total, 90 patients (30 with septic shock, 30 surgical controls and 30 healthy volunteers) were enrolled.

Retrobulbar Sinus Injection of Doxorubicin is More Efficient Than Lateral Tail Vein Injection at Inducing Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice: A Pilot Study.

Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in mice is a model for studying experimental nephrotic syndrome. It corresponds to puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. In this model, susceptible 129 S1/SvImJ mice are administered a rapid intravenous injection that can be accomplished via either the lateral tail vein or the retrobulbar sinus.

Characterization of diabetes following pancreatic surgery in patients with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy that leads to unfavourable neurological outcome if not treated adequately. In patients with severe diffuse CHI it remains under discussion whether pancreatic surgery should be performed or intensive medical treatment with the acceptance of recurrent episodes of mild hypoglycaemia is justified. Near-total pancreatectomy is associated with high rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Limitations of Specific Coagulation Tests for Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Critical Analysis.

Background During treatment with direct oral anticoagulants ( DOAC ), coagulation assessment is required before thrombolysis, surgery, and if anticoagulation reversal is evaluated. Limited data support the accuracy of DOAC -specific coagulation assays around the current safe-for-treatment threshold of 30 ng/ mL . Methods and Results In 481 samples obtained from 96 patients enrolled at a single center, DOAC concentrations were measured using Hemoclot direct thrombin inhibitor assay, Biophen direct thrombin inhibitor assay or ecarin clotting time for dabigatran, chromogenic anti-Xa assay ( AXA ) for factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as reference.

Risk factors for decline in renal function among young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate risk factors for declining renal function among subjects with type-1-diabetes.

Methods: Observational study based on data from the diabetes registry DPV. 4424 type-1-diabetes subjects aged ≥18 years, age at onset <18 years were identified.

Excess mortality for people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2012 - Estimates based on claims data from 70 million Germans.

Background And Aims: The hazard ratio (HR) is a meaningful concept for comparing the mortality of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, there is only one German study estimating age-specific HRs. Thus, this study aimed to provide population-wide age-specific HRs for Germany using a novel method based on aggregated population data.

Meal-derived glucagon responses are related to lower hepatic phosphate concentrations in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and hepatic energy metabolism, yet the possible relationships remain unclear.

Methods: In this observational study, lean insulin-sensitive control subjects (BMI: 23.2±1.

Characteristics of high- and low-risk individuals in the PRIORITY study: urinary proteomics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism for prevention of diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To compare clinical baseline data in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, who are at high or low risk of diabetic kidney disease based on the urinary proteomics classifier CKD273.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled international multicentre clinical trial and observational study in participants with Type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, stratified into high- or low-risk groups based on CKD273 score. Clinical baseline data for the whole cohort and stratified by risk groups are reported.

Metabolic control of type 1 diabetes in youth with autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation analysis based on 61 749 patients up to 20 years of age.

Background: A paucity of reports in the literature exists concerning the co-existence between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Objective: To compare clinical characteristics, diabetes management and metabolic control in youth with T1D and ASD (T1D-ASD) with youth without ASD (T1D-non ASD).

Methods: Using the German/Austrian diabetes patient follow-up registry, this study analyzed aggregated data from the last available year of observation for each patient with T1D, ages 1-20 with consistent data on insulin regimen and glycated hemoglobin (A1C), between January, 2005 and March, 2017.

Safety of intranasal human insulin: A review.

Aims: To conduct a review in order to assess the safety of intranasal human insulin in clinical studies as well as the temporal stability of nasal insulin sprays.

Material And Methods: An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE. We selected original research on intranasal human insulin without further additives in humans.