A fast protocol for multicenter and multiparametric quantitative MRI studies in brain tumor patients using vendor sequences.

Background: Multiparametric quantitative MRI (mp-qMRI) provides noninvasive, quantitative measurements sensitive to a variety of tissue properties. In brain tumors (BTs), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), effective transverse relaxation time (T2*), transverse relaxation time (T2), water content (HO), and quantitative susceptibility (χ) give valuable insights into the microenvironment. To generate large multicenter datasets, protocols need to be short and implementable on any scanner.

Machine learning-based personalized composite score dissects risk and protective factors for cognitive and motor function in older participants.

Introduction: With age, sensory, cognitive, and motor abilities decline, and the risk for neurodegenerative disorders increases. These impairments influence the quality of life and increase the need for care, thus putting a high burden on society, the economy, and the healthcare system. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that influence healthy aging, particularly ones that are potentially modifiable through lifestyle choices.

Proof of concept: Portable ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of epileptogenic brain pathologies.

Objective: High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard in the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, high costs and technical barriers have limited adoption in low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income nations, many individuals with epilepsy face delays in undergoing MRI.

Software-assisted structured reporting and semi-automated TNM classification for NSCLC staging in a multicenter proof of concept study.

Objectives: In this multi-center study, we proposed a structured reporting (SR) framework for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and developed a software-assisted tool to automatically translate image-based findings and annotations into TNM classifications. The aim of this study was to validate the software-assisted SR tool for NSCLC, assess its potential clinical impact in a proof-of-concept study, and evaluate current reporting standards in participating institutions.

Methods: A framework for SR and staging of NSCLC was developed in a multi-center collaboration.

Postural control in episodic ataxia type 2: no evidence for increased vestibular excitability.

Background And Purpose: Patients with episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) suffer from recurrent paroxysmal episodes of vertigo and oscillopsia. Pathophysiologically, altered neuronal excitability has been suspected. Vestibular excitability in 22 EA2 patients and 22 age-matched healthy participants was compared.

Efficiency of multivariate tests in trials in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Measuring disease progression in clinical trials for testing novel treatments for multifaceted diseases as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), remains challenging. In this study we assess a range of statistical approaches to compare outcomes as measured by the items of the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale (PSPRS). We consider several statistical approaches, including sum scores, a modified PSPRS rating scale that had been recommended by FDA in a pre-IND meeting, multivariate tests, and analysis approaches based on multiple comparisons of the individual items.

From animal models to human individuality: Integrative approaches to the study of brain plasticity.

Plasticity allows organisms to form lasting adaptive changes in neural structures in response to interactions with the environment. It serves both species-general functions and individualized skill acquisition. To better understand human plasticity, we need to strengthen the dialogue between human research and animal models.

Clinical and Market Analysis of NanoBEO: A Public-Worth, Innovative Therapy for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)-Emerging Evidence and Its Implications for a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Decision-Making in National Health Systems.

Background: According to scientific literature, some 99% of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), also known as neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). In particular, agitation is one of the most difficult disorders to treat. States of agitation represent a very serious problem as they make these subjects dangerous for themselves and others and worsen as the disease advances.

A (sub)field guide to quality control in hippocampal subfield segmentation on high-resolution T-weighted MRI.

Inquiries into properties of brain structure and function have progressed due to developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To sustain progress in investigating and quantifying neuroanatomical details in vivo, the reliability and validity of brain measurements are paramount. Quality control (QC) is a set of procedures for mitigating errors and ensuring the validity and reliability of brain measurements.

Unveiling the hippocampal subfield changes across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

Studies exploring the hippocampal subfield atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown contradictory results. This review aims to disentangle such heterogeneity by investigating the dynamic changes of hippocampal subfields across the AD continuum. We systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for case-control studies.

Loss of CLN3 in microglia leads to impaired lipid metabolism and myelin turnover.

Loss-of-function mutations in CLN3 cause juvenile Batten disease, featuring neurodegeneration and early-stage neuroinflammation. How loss of CLN3 function leads to early neuroinflammation is not yet understood. Here, we have comprehensively studied microglia from Cln3 mice, a genetically accurate disease model.

PET imaging of microglia in Alzheimer's disease using copper-64 labeled TREM2 antibodies.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays an essential role in microglia activation and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for modulation of microglia in several neurological diseases. In this study, we present the development and preclinical evaluation of Cu-labeled antibody-based PET radiotracers as tools for non-invasive assessment of TREM2 expression. Furthermore, we tested the potential of an antibody transport vehicle (ATV) that binds human transferrin receptor to facilitate transcytosis of TREM2 antibody-based radiotracers to the CNS and improve target engagement.

Evaluating phasic transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) with pupil dilation: the importance of stimulation intensity and sensory perception.

The efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a non-invasive method to modulate physiological markers of noradrenergic activity of the Locus Coeruleus (LC), such as pupil dilation, is increasingly more discussed. However, taVNS studies show high heterogeneity of stimulation effects. Therefore, a taVNS setup was established here to test different frequencies (10 Hz and 25 Hz) and intensities (3 mA and 5 mA) during phasic stimulation (3 s) with time-synchronous recording of pupil dilation in younger adults.